Earthquake-induced soft-sediment deformation in the lower shyok river valley, northern Ladakh, India

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences

Volumn 21, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 413-421

  Upadhyay, Rajeev ^a  

^a ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Collision; Karakoram fault; Ladakh; Pliocene quaternary; Soft sediment deformation

Indexed keywords

DEFORMATION; EARTHQUAKE; FAULT; LIQUEFACTION; PALEOSEISMICITY; PLIOCENE; QUATERNARY; TECTONIC SETTING;

INDIA;

EID: 0037279551     PISSN: 13679120     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1367-9120(02)00033-0     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Academia Sinica, 1976. Catalog of strong shocks of China, Beijing.
2. Allen, C.R., 1975. Geological criteria for evaluating seismicity. Geological Society of America Bulletin 86, 1041-1057.
3. Allen, J.R.L., Banks, N.L., 1972. An interpretation and analysis of recumbent-folded deformed cross-bedding. Sedimentology 19, 257-283.
4. Avouac, J.-P., Tapponnier, P., 1993. Kinematic model of active deformation in central Asia. Geophysical Research Letters 20, 895-898.
5. Burtman, V.S., Molnar, P., 1993. Geological and geophysical evidence for deep subduction of continental crust beneath the Pamir. Special Paper Geological Society of America 281, 1-76.
6. Gansser, A., 1977. The great suture zone between Himalaya and Tibet, a preliminary account. Science de la Terre Himalaya CNRS 268, 181-192.
7. Gupta, H.K., Kanal, K.N., Upadhyay, S.K., Sarkar, D., Rastogi, B.K., Duda, S.J.,1995. Verification of magnitudes of Himalayan region earthquakes of 1903-1985 from Göttingen observatory. Tectonophysics 244, 267-284.
8. Hempton, M.R., Dewey, J.F., 1983. Earthquake induced deformational structure in young lacustrine sediments, East Anatolian Fault, southeast Turkey. Tectonophysics 98, T7-T14.
9. Jones, A.P., Omoto, K., 2000. Towards establishing criteria for identifying trigger mechanisms for soft-sediment deformation: A case study of Late Pleistocene lacustrine sands and clays, Onikobe and Nakayamadaira Basins, northeastern Japan. Sedimentology 47, 1211-1226.
10. Khattri, K.N., Rogers, A.M., Perkins, D.M., Algermissen, S.T., 1984. A seismic hazard map of India and adjacent areas. Tectonophysics 108, 93-134.
11. Kuenen, Ph.H., 1958. Experiments in geology. Glasgow Geological Society Transactions 23, 1-28.
12. Liu, Q., Tapponnier, P., Bourjot, L., Zhang, Q., 1993. Kinematics of recent faulting along Muji-Tashkargan graben, northern extension of the Karakoram fault. EUG VII, Strasbourg, France, 4-8.
13. Lowe, D.R., 1975. Water escape structures in coarse-grained sediments. Sedimentology 22, 157-204.
14. Lowe, D.R., Piccolo, L.D., 1974. The characteristics and origins of dish and pillar structures. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 44, 484-501.
15. Marco, S., Agnon, A., 1995. Prehistoric earthquake deformations near Masada, Dead Sea Graben. Geology 23, 695-698.
16. Matte, P., Tapponnier, P., Arnaud, N., Bourjot, L., Avouac, J.P., Vidal, P., Liu, Q., Pan, Y., Yi, W., 1996. Tectonics of western Tibet, the Tarim and Indus. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 142, 311-330.
17. Mohindra, R., Bagati, T.N., 1996. Seismically induced soft sediment deformation structures (seismites) around Sumdo in the lower Spiti valley (Tethys Himalaya). Sedimentary Geology 101, 69-83.
18. Molnar, P., Burchfiel, B.C., Liang, K., Zhao, Z., 1987. Geomorphic evidence for active faulting in the Altyn Tagh and northern Tibet and qualitative estimates of its contribution to the convergence of India and Eurasia. Geology 15, 249-253.
19. Owen, G., 1996. Experimental soft-sediment deformation: Structures formed by the liquefaction of unconsolidated sands and some ancient examples. Sedimentology 43, 279-293.
20. Peltzer, G., Tapponnier, P., Armijo, R., 1989. Magnitude of late quaternary left-lateral displacements along the north edge of Tibet. Science 246, 1285-1289.
21. Pope, M.C., Read, J.F., Hofmann, H.J., 1997. Late middle to late ordovician seismites of Kentucky, southwest Ohio and Verginia: Sedimentary recorders of earthquakes in the Appalachian basin. Geological Society of America Bulletin 109, 489-503.
22. Postma, G., 1983. Water escape structures in the context of a depositional model of a mass flow dominated conglomeratic fan delta. Sedimentology 30, 91-103.
23. Potter, P.E., Pettijohn, F.J., 1963. Palaeocurrents and basin analysis, Springer, Berlin, p. 296.
24. Ringrose, P.S., 1989. Paleoseismic (?) liquefaction event in the late Quaternary lake sediments at Glen Roy, Scotland. Terra Nova 1, 57-62.
25. Scott, B., Price, S., 1988. Earthquake-induced structures in young sediments. Tectonophysics 147, 165-170.
26. Searle, M.P., 1991. Geology and tectonics of the Karakoram Mountains, Wiley, Chichester, p. 358.
27. Searle, M.P., 1996. Geological evidence against large-scale pre-Holocene offsets along the Karakoram Fault: Implications for the limited extrusion of the Tibetan plateau. Tectonics 15, 171-186.
28. Seilacher, A., 1969. Fault-graded beds interpreted as seismites. Sedimentology 13, 155-159.
29. Selley, R.C., Shearman, D.J., Sutton, J., Watson, J., 1963. Some underwater disturbances in the Torridonian of Skye and Raasay. Geological Magazine 100, 224-243.
30. Sieh, K.E., 1978. Prehistoric large earthquakes produced by slip on the San Andreas Fault at Pallet Creek, California. Journal Geophysical Research 83, 3907-3939.
31. Sims, J.D., 1973. Earthquake-induced structures in sediments of the Van Norman Lake, San Fernando, California. Science 1/2, 161-163.
32. Sims, J.D., 1975. Determining earthquake recurrence intervals from deformational structures in young lacustrine sediments. Tectonophysics 29, 144-152.
33. Sinha, A.K., Upadhyay, R., 1997. Tectonics and sedimentation in the passive margin, trench, forearc and backarc areas of the Indus suture zone in Ladakh and Karakoram: A review. Geodinamica Acta 10, 1-12.
34. Sukhija, B.S., Rao, M.N., Reddy, D.V., Nagabhushanam, P., Hussain, S., Chadha, R.K., Gupta, H.K., 1999. Paleoliquefaction evidence and periodicity of large prehistoric earthquakes in Shillong Plateau, India. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 167, 269-282.
35. Talwani, P., Cox, J., 1985. Paleoseismic evidence for occurrence of earthquake near Charleston, South Carolina. Science 228, 379-381.
36. Thakur, V.C., Mishra, D.K., 1984. Tectonic framework of the Indus and Shyok suture zones in eastern Ladakh, northwest Himalaya. Tectonophysics 101, 207-220.
37. The Officers of the Geological Survey of India, Roy, S.C., 1939. The Bihar-Nepal earthquake of 1934. Memoir Geological Survey of India 73, 1-391.
38. Upadhyay, R., Sinha, A.K., Chandra, R., Rai, H., 1999. Tectonic and magmatic evolution of the eastern Karakoram, India. Geodinamica Acta 12, 341-358.
39. Valdiya, K.S., 1988. Tectonics and evolution of the central sector of the Himalaya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London A326, 151-175.
40. Visher, G.S., Cunningham, R.D., 1981. Convolute laminations-a theoretical analysis: Example of Pennsylvanian sandstone. Sedimentary Geology 28, 175-189.
41. Weaver, J.D., 1976. Seismically-induced load structures in the basal Coal Measures, South Wales. Geological Magazine 113, 535-543.