Past and recent observations of the solar upper atmosphere at vacuum-ultraviolet wavelengths

Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics

Volumn 65, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 167-189

  Wilhelm, Klaus ^a  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUT FÜR SONNENSYSTEMFORSCHUNG   (Germany)

Author keywords

History of astronomy; Space instruments; Sun: Upper atmosphere; Sun: UV radiation

Indexed keywords

ASTRONOMY; SOLAR SYSTEM; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION; UPPER ATMOSPHERE;

EID: 0037247651     PISSN: 13646826     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1364-6826(02)00285-7     Document Type: Article

References (287)

1. Andretta, V., Jordan, S.D., Brosius, J.W., et al., 2000. The role of velocity redistribution in enhancing the intensity of the He II 304 Å line in the quiet Sun spectrum. Astrophysical Journal 535, 438-453.
2. Antonucci, E., Gabriel, A.H., Acton, L.W., et al., 1982. Impulsive phase of flares in soft X-ray emission. Solar Physics 78, 107-123.
3. Antonucci, E., Noci, G., Kohl, J.L., et al., 1997. First results from UVCS: dynamics of the extended corona. In: Schmieder, B., del Toro Iniesta, J.C., Vazquez, M. (Eds.), First Advances in Solar Physics Euroconference, Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Spain. Advances in Physics of Sunspots, ASP Conference Series 118, pp. 273-277.
4. Arnaud, M., Raymond, J.C., 1992. Iron ionization and recombination rates and ionization equilibrium. Astrophysical Journal 398, 394-406.
5. Arnaud, M., RothenHug, R., 1985. An updated evaluation of recombination and ionization rates. Astronomy and Astrophysics, Supplement Series 60, 425-457.
6. Athay, R.G., White, O.R., 1978. Chromospheric and coronal heating by sound waves. Astrophysical Journal 226, 1135-1139.
7. Athay, R.G., White, O.R., 1980. Temporal and spatial Huctuations in strengths and widths of C IV and Si II lines observed with OSO 8. Astrophysical Journal 240, 306-321.
8. Austin, W.E., Purcell, J.D., Tousey, R., 1962. A spectrum of the Sun from 168 to 700 Å. Astronomical Journal 67, 110-111 (Abstract).
9. Austin, W.E., Purcell, J.D., Tousey, R., Widing, K.G., 1964. Solar spectrum photographed to 33 Å. Astronomical Journal 69, 133 (Abstract).
10. Axford, W.I., McKenzie, J.F., 1992. The origin of high speed solar wind streams. In: Marsch, E., Schwenn, R. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Solar Wind Seven, Goslar, Germany, COSPAR Collequia Series, 3, 1-5.
11. Ayres, T.R., 2000. The SOHO-stellar connection. Solar Physics 193, 273-297.
12. Ayres, T.R., Stencel, R.E., Linsky, J.L., et al., 1983. Redshifts of high-temperature emission lines in the far-ultraviolet spectra of late-type stars. Astrophysical Journal 274, 801-814.
13. Bartoe, J.-D.F., Brueckner, G.E., 1975. New stigmatic, coma-free, concave-grating spectrograph. Journal of the Optical Society of America 65, 13-21.
14. Bartoe, J.-D.F., Brueckner, G.E., Purcell, J.D., Tousey, R., 1977. Extreme ultraviolet spectrograph ATM experiment S082B. Applied Optics 16, 879-886.
15. Basu, S., 1998. Effects of errors in the solar radius on helioseismic inferences. Monthly Notes of the Royal Astronomical Society 298, 719-728.
16. Baum, W.A., Johnson, F.S., Oberly, J.J., et al., 1946. Solar ultraviolet spectrum to 88 kilometers. Physical Review 70, 781-782.
17. Behring, W.E., 1970. A spectrometer for observations of the solar extreme ultraviolet from the OSO-I satellite. Applied Optics 9, 1006-1013.
18. Behring, W.E., McAllister, H., Rense, W.A., 1958. Ultraviolet emission lines in the solar spectrum. Astrophysical Journal 127, 676-679.
19. Behring, W.E., Cohen, L., Feldman, U., 1972. The solar spectrum: wavelengths and identifications from 60 to 385 angstroms. Astrophysical Journal 175, 493-523.
20. Behring, W.E., Cohen, L., Feldman, U., Doschek, G.A., 1976. The solar spectrum: wavelengths and identifications from 160 to 770 angstroms. Astrophysical Journal 203, 521-527.
21. Blake, R.L., Chubb, T.A., Friedman, H., Unzicker, A.E., 1965. Spectral and photometric measurements of solar X-ray emission below 60 Å. Astrophysical Journal 142, 1-12.
22. Boland, B.C., Engstrom, S.F.T., Jones, B.B., Wilson, R., 1973. The heating of the corona. I. Observation of ion energies in the transition zone. Astronomy and Astrophysics 22, 161-169.
23. Boller, K., Haelbich, R.-P., Hogrefe, H., Jark, W., Kunz, C., 1983. Investigation of carbon contamination of mirror surfaces exposed to synchrotron radiation. Nuclear Instruments and Methods 208, 273-279.
24. Bonnet, R., 1968. Recherches sur l'emission continue du soleil entre 1950 et 3000 Å. Annales d'Astrophysique 31, 597-644.
25. Bonnet, R.M., Lemaire, P., Vial, J.-C., et al., 1978. The LPSP instrument on OSO 8. II-in-Hight performance and preliminary results. Astrophysical Journal 221, 1032-1053.
26. Bonnet, R.M., Bruner Jr., E.C., Acton, L.W., et al., 1980. High-resolution Lyman-alpha filtergrams of the Sun. Astrophysical Journal 237, L47-L50.
27. Bowles, J.A., Glencross, W.M., Speer, R.J., et al., 1968. Preliminary results from the helium II 303.8 resonance line monochromator on the OSO IV satellite. Astronomical Journal 73, S56 (Abstract).
28. Brekke, P., 1993a. An ultraviolet spectral atlas of the Sun between 1190-1730 Å. Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series 87, 443-450.
29. Brekke, P., 1993b. Observed redshifts in O V and downflows in the solar transition region. Astrophysical Journal 408, 735-743.
30. Brekke, P., Kjeldseth-Moe, O., 1994. New radiometric values of the solar ultraviolet continuum radiation from 1500 to 1700 Å. Astrophysical Journal 413, L55-L58.
31. Brekke, P., Kjeldseth-Moe, O., Bartoe, J.-D.F., Brueckner, G.E., 1991. An ultraviolet spectral atlas of a sunspot and an active region 1190-1730 Å. Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series 75, 1337-1366.
32. Brekke, P., Hassler, D.M., Wilhelm, K., 1997a. Doppler shifts in the quiet-Sun transition region and corona observed with SUMER on SOHO. Solar Physics 175, 349-374.
33. Brekke, P., Kjeldseth-Moe, O., Harrison, R.A., 1997b. High-velocity flows in an active region loop system observed with the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer (CDS) on SOHO. Solar Physics 175, 511-521.
34. Brekke, P., Thompson, W.T., Woods, T.N., Eparvier, F.G., 2000. The extreme-ultraviolet solar irradiance spectrum observed with the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer (CDS) on SOHO. Astrophysical Journal 536, 959-970.
35. Brooks, D.H., Fischbacher, G.A., Fludra, A., et al., 1999. The quiet Sun extreme ultraviolet spectrum observed in normal incidence by the SOHO Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer. Astronomy and Astrophysics 347, 277-312.
36. Brosius, J.W., Davila, J.M., Thompson, W.T., et al., 1993. Simultaneous observations of solar plage with the Solar Extreme ultraviolet Rocket Telescope and Spectrograph (SERTS), VLA, and the Kitt Peak magnetograph. Astrophysical Journal 411, 410-417.
37. Brosius, J.W., Thomas, R.J., Davila, J.M., 1999. SERTS-95 measurements of wavelength shifts in coronal emission lines across a solar active region. Astrophysical Journal 526, 494-504.
38. Brueckner, G.E., Bartoe, J.-D.F., 1983. Observations of high-energy jets in the corona above the quiet Sun, the heating of the corona, and the acceleration of the solar wind. Astrophysical Journal 272, 329-348.
39. Brueckner, G.E., Moe, O.K., 1972. High angular resolution absolute intensity of the solar continuum from 1400 Å to 17 90 Å. Space Research XII, 1595-1602.
40. Brueckner, G.E., Edlow, K.L., Floyd, L.E., et al., 1993. The Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SUSIM) experiment on board the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS). Journal of Geophysical Research 98, 10695-10711.
41. Bruner Jr., E.C., 1977. The University of Colorado OSO-8 experiment. I-introduction and optical design considerations. Space Science Instrument 3, 369-387.
42. Bruner Jr., E.C., 1978. Dynamics of the solar transition zone. Astrophysical Journal 226, 1140-1146.
43. Brynildsen, N., Brekke, P., Fredvik, T., et al., 1998. SOHO observations of the connection between line profile parameters in active and quiet regions and the net red shift in EUV line emission lines. Solar Physics 181, 23-50.
44. Burton, W.M., 1969. Solar photography in the extreme ultraviolet. Solar Physics 8, 53-71.
45. Burton, W.M., Ridgeley, A., 1970. The solar limb emission spectrum between 300 Å and 2803 Å. Solar Physics 14, 3-28.
46. Burton, W.M., Wilson, R., 1965. Observations of the Sun in the extreme ultra-violet made from a stabilized Skylark rocket. Nature 207, 61-62.
47. Burton, W.M., Ridgeley, A., Wilson, R., 1967. The ultraviolet emission spectrum of the solar chromosphere and corona. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 135, 207-223.
48. Carlsson, M., Judge, P.G., Wilhelm, K., 1997. SUMER observations confirm the dynamic nature of the quiet solar outer atmosphere: the internetwork chromosphere. Astrophysical Journal 486, L63-L66.
49. Chae, J., Schühle, U., Lemaire, P., 1998a. SUMER measurements of nonthermal motions: constraints on coronal heating mechanisms. Astrophysical Journal 505, 957-973.
50. Chae, J., Yun, H.S., Poland, A.I., 1998b. Temperature dependence of ultraviolet line average Doppler shifts in the quiet Sun. Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series 114, 151-164.
51. Chapman, R.D., Jordan, S.D., Neupert, W.M., Thomas, R.J., 1972. Evidence for the 300-second oscillation from OSO-7 extreme-ultraviolet observations. Astrophysical Journal 174, L97-L99.
52. Cheng, C.-C., Bruner, E.C., Tandberg-Hanssen, E., et al., 1982. Observations of solar Hare transition zone plasmas from the Solar Maximum Mission. Astrophysical Journal 253, 353-366.
53. Chipman, E.G., Bruner Jr., E.C., Shine, R.A., et al., 1976. Preliminary results from the Orbiting Solar Observatory 8: velocities in the solar chromosphere observed in the Si II λ1816 line. Astrophysical Journal 210, L103-L106.
54. Chiuderi-Drago, F., Avignon, Y., Thomas, R.J., 1977. Structure of coronal holes from UV and radio observations. Solar Physics 51, 143-158.
55. Cohen, L., Feldman, U., Doschek, G.A., 1978. XUV spectra of the 1973 June 15 solar Hare observed from Skylab. III. A list of spectral lines from 1000 to 1940 Å. Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series 37, 393-405.
56. Cook, J.W., Brueckner, G.E., Bartoe, J.-D.F., 1983. High resolution telescope and spectrograph observations of solar fine structure in the 1600 Å region. Astrophysical Journal 270, L89-L93.
57. Cowan, R.D., Widing, K.G., 1973. The extreme-ultraviolet spectrum of Fe XV in a solar Hare. Astrophysical Journal 180, 285-292.
58. Cranmer, S.R., Field, G.B., Kohl, J.L., 1999a. Spectroscopic constraints on models of ion cyclotron resonance heating in the polar solar corona and high-speed solar wind. Astrophysical Journal 518, 937-947.
59. Cranmer, S.R., Kohl, J.L., Noci, G., et al., 1999b. An empirical model of a polar coronal hole at solar minimum. Astrophysical Journal 511, 481-501.
60. Curdt, W., Heinzel, P., 1998. Dynamic behavior of the upper solar atmosphere: SUMER/SOHO observations of hydrogen Lyman lines. Astrophysical Journal 503, L95-L100.
61. Curdt, W., Feldman, U., Laming, J.M., et al., 1997. The solar disk spectrum between 660 and 1175 Å (first order) obtained by SUMER on SOHO. Astronomy and Astrophysics, Supplement Series 126, 281-296.
62. 12+ emitted by solar Hare plasmas. Physical Review A 62, 022502-1-022502-7.
63. Curdt, W., Brekke, P., Feldman, U., et al., 2001. The SUMER spectral atlas of solar-disk features. Astronomy and Astrophysics 375, 591-613.
64. Cushman, G.W., Rense, W.A., 1976. Evidence of outward How of plasma in a coronal hole. Astrophysical Journal 207, L61-L62.
65. Cushman, G.W., Rense, W.A., 1977. Erratum. Astrophysical Journal 211, L57.
66. Dammasch, I.E., Wilhelm, K., 2002. SUMER observations of solar transition region structures and dynamics. Advances in Space Research 30, 495-500.
67. Dammasch, I.E., Wilhelm, K., Curdt, W., Hassler, D.M., 1999. The Ne VIII (λ770) resonance line: solar wavelength determined by SUMER on SOHO. Astronomy and Astrophysics 346, 285 -294.
68. David, C., Gabriel, A.H., Bely-Dubau, F., et al., 1998. Measurement of the electron temperature gradient in a solar coronal hole. Astronomy and Astrophysics 336, L90-L94.
69. DeForest, C.E., Hoeksema, J.T., Gurman, J.B., et al., 1997. Polar plume anatomy: results of a coordinated observation. Solar Physics 175, 393-410.
70. DelaboudiniSere, J.-P., Artzner, G.E., Brunaud, J., et al., 1995. EIT: extreme-ultraviolet imaging telescope for the SOHO mission. Solar Physics 162, 291-312.
71. Dere, K.P., 1978. Spectral lines observed in solar flares between 171 and 630 Angstroms. Astrophysical Journal 221, 1062-1067.
72. Dere, K.P., Bartoe, J.-D.F., Brueckner, G.E., Recely, F., 1989. Transition zone flows observed in a coronal hole on the solar disk. Astrophysical Journal 345, L95-L97.
73. Dere, K.P., Landi, E., Mason, H.E., et al., 1997. CHIANTI-an atomic database for emission lines. Astronomy and Astrophysics, Supplement Series 125, 149-173.
74. Detwiler, C.R., Purcell, J.D., Tousey, R., 1960. The extreme ultraviolet spectrum of the Sun. Astronomical Journal 65, S487 (Abstract).
75. Detwiler, C.R., Garrett, D.L., Purcell, J.D., Tousey, R., 1961. The intensity distribution in the ultraviolet solar spectrum. Annales de Géophysique 17, 263-272.
76. Doschek, G.A., 1972. The solar flare plasma: observation and interpretation. Space Science Reviews 13, 765-821.
77. Doschek, G.A., Feldman, U., Cohen, L., 1977. Chromospheric limb spectra from Skylab: 2000 to 3200 Å. Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series 33, 101-111.
78. Doschek, G.A., Feldman, U., 1987. Ultraviolet Al III emission lines and the physics of the solar transition region. Astrophysical Journal 315, L67-L70.
79. Doschek, G.A., Feldman, U., Dere, K.P., et al., 1975a. Forbidden lines of highly ionized iron in solar-flare spectra. Astrophysical Journal 196, L83-L86.
80. Doschek, G.A., Feldman, U., Tousey, R., 1975b. Limb-brightening curves of XUV transition zone lines in the quiet Sun and in a polar coronal hole observed from Skylab. Astrophysical Journal 202, L151-L154.
81. Doschek, G.A., Feldman, U., VanHoosier, M.E., Bartoe, J.-D.F., 1976a. The emission-line spectrum above the limb of the quiet Sun: 1175-1940 Å. Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series 31, 417-443.
82. Doschek, G.A., Feldman, U., Bohlin, J.D., 1976b. Doppler wavelength shifts of transition zone lines measured in Skylab solar spectra. Astrophysical Journal 205, L177-L180.
83. Doschek, G.A., Warren, H.P., Laming, J.M., et al., 1997. Electron densities in the solar polar coronal holes from density-sensitive line ratios of Si VIII and S X. Astrophysical Journal 482, L109-L112.
84. Dowdy Jr., J.F., Rabin, D., Moore, R.L., 1986. On the magnetic structure of the quiet transition region. Solar Physics 105, 35-45.
85. Dupree, A.K., Reeves, E.M., 1971. The extreme-ultraviolet spectrum of the quiet Sun. Astrophysical Journal 165, 599-613.
86. Dupree, A.K., Huber, M.C.E., Noyes, R.W., et al., 1973. The extreme-ultraviolet spectrum of a solar active region. Astrophysical Journal 182, 321-333.
87. Dwivedi, B.N., 1994. EUV spectroscopy as a plasma diagnostic. Space Science Reviews 65, 289-316.
88. Edlén, B., 1943. Die Deutung der Emissionslinien im Spektrum der Sonnenkorona. Zeitschrift fuer Astrophysik 22, 30-64.
89. Esser, R., Fineschi, S., Dobrzycka, D., et al., 1999. Plasma properties in coronal holes derived from measurements of minor ion spectral lines and polarized white light intensity. Astrophysical Journal 510, L63-L67.
90. Evans, R.G., Jordan, C., Wilson, R., 1975. Ultraviolet emission lines in the spectrum of Procyon. Nature 253, 612-621.
91. k+1 transitions. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 171, 1-7.
92. Fawcett, B.C., Gabriel, A.H., 1965. New spectra of the iron transition elements of astrophysical interest. Astrophysical Journal 141, 343-353.
93. 5 K temperature region. Astrophysical Journal 275, 367-373.
94. Feldman, U., Doschek, G.A., 1977. Plasma diagnostics using high-resolution spectroscopic techniques. Journal of the Optical Society of America 67, 726-734.
95. Feldman, U., Doschek, G.A., 1991. The solar spectrum between 914 and 1177 Å. Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series 75, 925-934.
96. Feldman, U., Laming, 2000. Element abundances in the upper atmospheres of the Sun and stars: update of observational results. Physica Scripta 61, 222-252.
97. Feldman, U., Doschek, G.A., Tousey, R., 1975. The intensities and profiles of XUV transition zone lines in a quiet Sun region compared to a polar coronal hole. Astrophysical Journal 202, L147-L150.
98. Feldman, U., Doschek, G.A., VanHoosier, M.E., Purcell, J.D., 1976. The emission-line spectrum above the limb of a solar coronal hole: 1175-1940 Å. Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series 31, 445-466.
99. Feldman, U., Doschek, G.A., Mariska, J.T., et al., 1978. Electron densities in the corona from density-sensitive line ratios in the N I isoelectronic sequence. Astrophysical Journal 226, 674-678.
100. Feldman, U., Behring, W.E., Curdt, W., et al., 1997. A coronal spectrum in the 500-1610 Å wavelength range recorded at a height of 21000 kilometers above the west solar limb by the SUMER instrument on Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series 113, 195-219.
101. 6 K) and their potential use in plasma diagnostics. Astrophysical Journal 544, 508-521.
102. Feldman, U., Dammasch, I.E., Wilhelm, K., 2000b. The morphology of the solar upper atmosphere during the sunspot minimum. Space Science Reviews 93, 411-472.
103. Firth, J.G., Freeman, F.F., Gabriel, A.H., et al., 1974. Observations of the solar spectrum in the region 150 Å to 870 Å emitted from the disk and above the limb. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 166, 543-560.
104. Flower, D.R., Nussbaumer, H., 1975. Relative intensities of solar emission lines of ions in the sodium isoelectronic sequence. Astronomy and Astrophysics 42, 265-268.
105. Floyd, L.E., Reiser, P.A., Crane, P.C., et al., 1998. Solar cycle 22 UV spectral irradiance variability: current measurements by SUSIM UARS. Solar Physics 177, 79-87.
106. Fludra, A., 2001. Transition region oscillations above sunspots. Astronomy and Astrophysics 368, 639-651.
107. Foukal, P.V., Huber, M.C.E., Noyes, R.W., et al., 1974. Extreme-ultraviolet observations of sunspots with the Harvard spectrometer on the Apollo Telescope Mount. Astrophysical Journal 193, L143-L145.
108. Francis, M.H., Roussel-Dupré, R., 1977. The Si IV λ1393 line in a coronal hole compared to the quiet Sun from OSO-8 observations. Solar Physics 53, 465-470.
109. Fredvik, T., Maltby, P., 1999. Coronal radiation and helium λ584 emission in active regions. Solar Physics 184, 113-132.
110. Freeman, F.F., Jones, B.B., 1970. Grazing incidence spectra of the Sun. Solar Physics 15, 288-308.
111. Friedman, H., 1963. Ultraviolet and X rays from the Sun. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 1, 59-95.
112. Gabriel, A.H., 1976. A magnetic model of the solar transition region. Royal Society of London Philosophical Transactions A 281, 339-352.
113. Gabriel, A.H., Jordan, C., 1969a. Long wavelength satellites to the He-like ion resonance lines in the laboratory and in the Sun. Nature 221, 947-949.
114. Gabriel, A.H., Jordan, C., 1969b. Interpretation of solar helium-like ion line intensities. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 145, 241-248.
115. Gabriel, A.H., Fawcett, B.C., Jordan, C., 1965. Classification of iron lines in the spectrum of the Sun and Zeta in the range 167 Å to 220 Å. Nature 206, 390-392.
116. Gabriel, A.H., Garton, W.R.S., Goldberg, L., et al., 1971. Rocket observations of the ultraviolet solar spectrum during the total eclipse of 1970 March 7. Astrophysical Journal 169, 595-614.
117. Giordano, S., Antonucci, E., Noci, G., et al., 2000. Identification of the coronal sources of the fast solar wind. Astrophysical Journal 531, L79-L82.
118. Goldberg, L., 1939. The temperature of the solar chromosphere. Astrophysical Journal 89, 673-678.
119. Golub, L., Herant, M., Kalata, K., et al., 1990. Sub-arcsecond observations of the solar X-ray corona. Nature 344, 842-844.
120. Grevesse, N., Sauval, A.J., 1998. Standard solar composition. Space Science Reviews 85, 161-174.
121. Grotrian, W., 1939. Zur Frage der Deutung der Linien im Spektrum der Sonnenkorona. Die Naturwissenschaften 27, S214 (Note that name is misspelt as "Grotian" in original publication.).
122. Hall, L.A., Hinteregger, H.E., 1970. Solar radiation in the extreme ultraviolet and its variation with solar rotation. Journal of Geophysical Research 75, 6959-6965.
123. Hall, L.A., Damon, K.R., Hinteregger, H.E., 1963. Solar extreme ultraviolet photon flux measurements in the upper atmosphere of August 1961. Space Research III, 745-759.
124. Hammer, R., 1999. Are helium line intensities affected by abundance variations? Proceedings of the Eighth SOHO Workshop 'Plasma Dynamics and Diagnostics in the Solar Transition Region and Corona', ESA SP-446, pp. 347-350.
125. Handy, B.N., Acton, L.W., Kankelborg, C.C., et al., 1999. The transition region and coronal explorer. Solar Physics 187, 229-260.
126. Hansteen, V.H., Betta, R., Carlsson, M., 2000. Rapid intensity and velocity variations in solar transition region lines. Astronomy and Astrophysics 360, 742-760.
127. Harrison, R.A., 1997. EUV blinkers: the significance of variations in the extreme ultraviolet quiet Sun. Solar Physics 175, 467-485.
128. Harrison, R.A., Sawyer, E.C., Carter, M.K., et al., 1995. The coronal diagnostic spectrometer for the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. Solar Physics 162, 233-290.
129. Hassler, D.M., Rottman, G.J., Shoub, E.C., Holzer, T.E., 1990. Line broadening of Mg X λλ609 and 625 coronal emission lines observed above the solar limb. Astrophysical Journal 348, L77-L80.
130. Hassler, D.M., Rottman, G.J., Orrall, F.Q., 1991. Systematic radial flows in the chromosphere, transition region, and corona of the quiet Sun. Astrophysical Journal 372, 710-718.
131. Hassler, D.M., Wilhelm, K., Lemaire, P., Schühle, U., 1997. Observations of polar plumes with the SUMER instrument on SOHO. Solar Physics 175, 375-391.
132. Hassler, D.M., Dammasch, I.E., Lemaire, P., et al., 1999. Solar wind outflow and the chromospheric magnetic network. Science 283, 810-813.
133. Heroux, L., Cohen, M., Malinovsky, M., 1972. The interpretation of XUV rocket measurements of intensity ratios of solar spectral lines of the lithiumlike ions O VI, Ne VIII, and Mg X. Solar Physics 23, 369-393.
134. Hinteregger, H.E., Hall, L.A., 1969. Solar extreme ultraviolet emissions in the range 260-1300 Å observed from OSO-III. Solar Physics 6, 175-182.
135. Hollandt, J., Huber, M.C.E., Kühne, M., 1993. Hollow cathode transfer standards for the radiometric calibration of VUV telescopes of the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). Metrologia 30, 381-388.
136. Hoover, R.B., Walker Jr., A.B.c., Barbee Jr., T.W., 1991. Solar observations with the multi-spectral solar telescope array. SPIE 1546, 175-187.
137. House, L.L., 1964. Ionization equilibrium of the elements from H to Fe. Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series 8, 307-328.
138. Hovestadt, D., Hilchenbach, M., Bürgi, A., et al., 1995. CELIAS- charge, element and isotope analysis system for SOHO. Solar Physics 162, 441-481.
139. Huber, M.C.E., Dupree, A.K., Goldberg, L., et al., 1973. The Harvard experiment on OSO-6: instrumentation, calibration, operation, and description of observations. Astrophysical Journal 183, 291-312.
140. Huber, M.C.E., Foukal, P.V., Noyes, R.W., et al., 1974. Extreme-ultraviolet observations of coronal holes: initial results from Skylab. Astrophysical Journal 194, L115-L118.
141. Hyder, C.L., Lites, B.W., 1970. Hα Doppler brightening and Lyman-α Doppler dimming in moving Hα prominences. Solar Physics 14, 147-156.
142. Innes, D.E., Inhester, B., Axford, W.I., Wilhelm, K., 1997. Bi-directional plasma jets produced by magnetic reconnection on the Sun. Nature 386, 811-813.
143. Innes, D.E., Curdt, W., Schwenn, R., Solanki, S., Stenborg, G., McKenzie, D.E., 2001. Large Doppler shifts in X-ray plasma: an explosive start to coronal mass ejection. Astrophysical Journal 549, L249-L252.
144. Johnson, F.S., Malitson, H.H., Purcell, J.D., Tousey, R., 1955. Emission lines in the solar ultraviolet spectrum. Astronomical Journal 60, S165 (Abstract).
145. Johnson, F.S., Malitson, H.H., Purcell, J.D., Tousey, R., 1958. Emission lines in the extreme ultraviolet spectrum of the Sun. Astrophysical Journal 127, 80-95.
146. Jordan, C., 1969. The ionization equilibrium of elements between carbon and nickel. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 142, 501-521.
147. 2 in extreme-ultraviolet solar spectra. Nature 270, 326-327.
148. Jordan, S.D., Thompson, W.T., Thomas, R.J., Neupert, W.M., 1993. Solar coronal observations and formation of the He II 304 Å line. Astrophysical Journal 406, 346-349.
149. Judge, D.L., McMullin, D.R., Ogawa, H.S., et al., 1998. First solar EUV irradiances obtained from SOHO by the CELIAS/SEM. Solar Physics 177, 161-173.
150. Judge, D.L., McMullin, D.R., Ogawa, H.S., 1999. Absolute solar 30.4 nm flux from sounding rocket observations during the solar cycle minimum. Journal of Geophysical Research 104, 28321-28324.
151. Judge, P., Carlsson, M., Wilhelm, K., 1997. SUMER observations of the quiet solar atmosphere: the network chromosphere and lower transition region. Astrophysical Journal 490, L195-L198.
152. Judge, P.G., Tarbell, T.D., Wilhelm, K., 2001. A study of chromospheric oscillations using the SOHO and TRACE spacecraft. Astrophysical Journal 554, 424-444.
153. Jursa, A.S., LeBlanc, F.J., Tanaka, T., 1955. Results of a recent attempt to record the solar spectrum in the region of 900-3000 Å. Journal of the Optical Society of America 45, 1085-1086.
154. k+1 transition in highly ionized iron. Astrophysical Journal 191, 261-270.
155. Keenan, F.P., Dufton, P.L., Kingston, A.E., 1986. Relative emission line strengths for the sodium-like ions Al III and Si IV in the Sun. Astronomy and Astrophysics 169, 319-322.
156. Kelly, R.L., 1987. Atomic and ionic spectrum lines below 2000 angstroms: hydrogen through krypton (Parts I to III). Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 16, 1-1678.
157. Kent, B.J., Swinyard, B.M., Hicks, D., 1993. Contamination effects on EUV optics in the space environment. Proceedings of the SPIE 1945, 348-360.
158. Keski-Kuha, R.A.M., Osantowski, J.F., Leviton, D.B., et al., 1995. CVD silicon carbide mirrors for EUV applications. Proceedings of the SPIE 2543, 173-179.
159. Kink, I., Jupen, C., EngstrHm, L., Feldman, U., Laming, J.M., Schühle, U., 1997. Laboratory identification of temperature diagnostic Si VII and S IX lines present in the solar coronal spectra measured by SUMER/SOHO. Astrophysical Journal 487, 956-961.
160. Kjeldseth-Moe, O., Cheng, C.C., 1994. The extension of explosive events from the transition region to the corona. Space Science Reviews 70, 85-88.
161. Kjeldseth-Moe, O., VanHoosier, M.E., Bartoe, J.-D.F., Brueckner, G.E., 1976. A spectral atlas of the Sun between 1175-2100 Å. NRL Report 8056.
162. Kohl, J.L., Withbroe, G.L., 1982. EUV spectroscopic plasma diagnostics for the solar wind acceleration region. Astrophysical Journal 256, 263-270.
163. Kohl, J.L., Weiser, H., Withbroe, G.L., et al., 1980. Measurements of coronal kinetic temperatures from 1.5 to 3 solar radii. Astrophysical Journal 241, L117-L121.
164. Kohl, J.L., Gardner, L.D., Strachan, L., Hassler, D.M., 1994. Ultraviolet spectroscopy of the extended solar corona during the Spartan 201 mission. Space Science Reviews 70, 253-261.
165. Kohl, J.L., Esser, R., Gardner, L.D., et al., 1995. The ultraviolet coronagraph spectrometer for the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. Solar Physics 162, 313-356.
166. Kohl, J.L., Strachan, L., Gardner, L.D., 1996. Measurement of hydrogen velocity distributions in the extended solar corona. Astrophysical Journal 465, L141-L144.
167. Kohl, J.L., Noci, G., Antonucci, E., et al., 1997. First results from the SOHO ultraviolet coronagraph spectrometer. Solar Physics 175, 613-644.
168. Kreplin, R.W., Chubb, T.A., Friedman, H., 1962. X-ray and Lyman-alpha emission from the Sun as measured from the NRL SR-1 satellite. Journal of Geophysical Research 67, 2231-2253.
169. Krieger, A.S., Timothy, A.F., Roelof, E.C., 1973. A coronal hole and its identification as the source of a high velocity solar wind stream. Solar Physics 29, 505-525.
170. Laming, J.M., Feldman, U., 2001. The solar helium abundance in the outer corona determined from observations with SUMER/SOHO. Astrophysical Journal 546, 552-558.
171. Laming, J.M., Feldman, U., Schühle, U., et al., 1997. Electron density diagnostics for the solar upper atmosphere from spectra obtained by SUMER/SOHO. Astrophysical Journal 485, 911-919.
172. Landi, E., Landini, M., Dere, K.P., et al., 1999. CHIANTI-an atomic database for emission lines. III. Continuum radiation and extension of the ion database. Astronomy and Astrophysics, Supplement Series 135, 339-346.
173. Landi, E., Mason, H.E., Lemaire, P., Landini, M., 2000. SUMER observations of transition region fine structures. Astronomy and Astrophysics 357, 743-756.
174. Lang, K.R., 2000. The Sun from Space. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.
175. Lang, J., Mason, H.E., McWhirter, R.W.P., 1990. The interpretation of the spectral line intensities from the CHASE spectrometer on SPACELAB 2. Solar Physics 129, 31-81.
176. Leighton, R.B., Noyes, R.W., Simon, G.W., 1962. Velocity fields in the solar atmosphere. I. Preliminary report. Astrophysical Journal 135, 474-499.
177. Lemaire, P., 1991. Sensitivity changes in the CNRS ultraviolet spectrometer aboard OSO-8. ESA Journal 15, 237-242.
178. Lemaire, P., Wilhelm, K., Curdt, W., et al., 1997. First results of the SUMER telescope and spectrometer on SOHO. II. Imagery and data management. Solar Physics 170, 105-122.
179. Lemaire, P., Emerich, C., Curdt, W., et al., 1998. Solar H I Lyman α full disk profile obtained with the SUMER/SOHO spectrometer. Astronomy and Astrophysics 334, 1095-1098.
180. Linsky, J.L., Glackin, D.L., Chapman, R.D., Neupert, W.M., Thomas, R.J., 1976. The solar XUV spectrum of He II. Astrophysical Journal 203, 509-520.
181. Lites, B.W., Bruner Jr., E.C., Chipman, E.G., et al., 1976. Preliminary results from the Orbiting Solar Observatory 8- persistent velocity fields in the chromosphere and transition region. Astrophysical Journal 210, L111-L113.
182. Lockyer, J.N., 1868. Note on Mr. Huggins' paper "On a possible method of viewing the red Hames without an eclipse". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 29, 90-91.
183. Lockyer, J.N., 1896. On the new gases obtained from uraninite. Astrophysical Journal 3, 29-35.
184. London, J., Rottman, G.J., Woods, T.N., Wu, F., 1993. Time variations of solar UV irradiance as measured by the SOLSTICE (UARS) instrument. Geophysical Research Letters 20, 1315-1318.
185. Lyot, B., 1937. Quelques observations de la couronne solaire et des protubérances en 1935. L'Astronomie 51, 203-218.
186. MacNeice, P., Pallavicini, R., Mason, H.E., et al., 1985. Multiwavelength analysis of a well observed Hare from SMM. Solar Physics 99, 167-188.
187. Malinovsky, M., Heroux, L., 1973. An analysis of the solar extreme-ultraviolet spectrum between 50 and 300 Å. Astrophysical Journal 181, 1009-1030.
188. Maloy, J.O., Hartmann, U.G., Judge, D.L., Carlson, R.W., 1978. Measurement of the profile and intensity of the solar He I λ584 Å resonance line. Journal of Geophysical Research 83, 5685- 5690.
189. Maltby, P., Brynildsen, N., Kjeldseth-Moe, O., Wilhelm, K., 2001. Plumes and oscillations in the sunspot transition region. Astronomy and Astrophysics 373, L1-L4.
190. Mariska, J.T., 1978. Analysis of extreme-ultraviolet observations of a polar coronal hole. Astrophysical Journal 225, 252-258.
191. Mariska, J.T., 1992. The Solar Transition Region. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
192. Marsch, E., Tu, C.-Y., 1997. Solar wind and chromospheric network. Solar Physics 176, 87-106.
193. Marsch, E., Tu, C.-Y., Heinzel, P., et al., 1999. Proton and hydrogen temperatures at the base of the solar polar corona. Astronomy and Astrophysics 347, 676-683.
194. Mason, H.E., Monsignori Fossi, B.C., 1994. Spectroscopic diagnostics in the VUV for solar and stellar plasmas. Astronomy and Astrophysics Reviews 6, 123-179.
195. Mazzotta, P., Mazzitelli, G., Colafrancesco, S., Vittorio, N., 1998. Ionization balance for optically thin plasmas: rate coefficients for all atoms and ions of the elements H to Ni. Astronomy and Astrophysics, Supplement Series 133, 403-409.
196. Meadows, A.J., 1972. Science and Controversy. A Biography of Sir Norman Lockyer. Macmillan, Houndmills, Basingstoke.
197. Mercure, R., Miller Jr., S.C., Rense, W.A., Stuart, F., 1956. The Sun's disk in Lyman-alpha radiation. Journal of Geophysical Research 61, 571-573.
198. Meyer, J.P., 1985. Solar-stellar outer atmospheres and energetic particles and galactic cosmic rays. Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series 57, 173-204.
199. Miller, M.S., Caruso, A.J., Woodgate, B.E., Sterk, A.A., 1981. Ultraviolet spectrometer and polarimeter for the Solar Maximum Mission. Applied Optics 20, 3805-3814.
200. Moses, D., Cook, J.W., Bartoe, J.-D.F., et al., 1994. Solar fine-scale structures in the corona, transition region and lower atmosphere. Astrophysical Journal 430, 913-924.
201. Moses, D., Clette, F., Delaboudiniéere, J.-P., et al., 1997. EIT observations of the extreme ultraviolet Sun. Solar Physics 175, 571-599.
202. Munro, R.H., Withbroe, G.L., 1972. Properties of a coronal "hole" derived from extreme-ultraviolet observations. Astrophysical Journal 176, 511-520.
203. Neupert, W.M., 1971. Solar flare X-ray spectra. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A 270, 143-155.
204. Neupert, W.M., Swartz, M., White, W.A., 1968. Observations of the solar X-ray and extreme ultraviolet spectrum from OSO-III. Astronomical Journal 73, S73 (Abstract).
205. Neupert, W.M., White, W.A., Gates, W.J., et al., 1969. X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (1-400 Å) spectroscopy of the Sun, from OSO-III. Solar Physics 6, 183-192.
206. Neupert, W.M., Epstein, G.L., Thomas, R.J., Thompson, W.T., 1992a. An EUV imaging spectrograph for high-resolution observations of the solar corona. Solar Physics 137, 87-104.
207. Neupert, W.M., Brosius, J.W., Thomas, R.J., Thompson, W.T., 1992b. Evidence for mass outflow in the low solar corona over a large sunspot. Astrophysical Journal 392, L95-L98.
208. Noci, G., Kohl, J.L., Withbroe, G.L., 1987. Solar wind diagnostics from Doppler-enhanced scattering. Astrophysical Journal 315, 706-715.
209. Noyes, R.W., Raymond, J.C., Doyle, J.G., Kingston, A.E., 1985. The extreme ultraviolet-spectrum of sunspot plumes. I. Observations. Astrophysical Journal 297, 805-815.
210. Parker, E.N., 1983. Magnetic neutral sheets in evolving fields. II. Formation of the solar corona. Astrophysical Journal 264, 642-647.
211. Patsourakos, S., Vial, J.-C., 2000. Outflow velocity of interplume regions at the base of polar coronal holes. Astronomy and Astrophysics 359, L1-L4.
212. Patsourakos, S., Vial, J.-C., Gabriel, A.H., Bellamine, N., 1999. Transition-region network boundaries in the quiet Sun: width variation with temperature as observed with CDS on SOHO. Astrophysical Journal 522, 540-546.
213. Pauluhn, A., Rüedi, I., Solanki, S.K., et al., 1999. Intercalibration of SUMER and CDS on SOHO. I. SUMER detector A and CDS NIS. Applied Optics 38, 7035-7046.
214. Pauluhn, A., Rüedi, I., Solanki, S.K., et al., 2001. Intercalibration of SUMER and CDS on SOHO. II. SUMER detectors A and B and CDS NIS. Applied Optics 40, 6292-6300.
215. Peter, H., 2001. On the nature of the transition region from the chromosphere to the corona of the Sun. Astronomy and Astrophysics 374, 1108-1120.
216. Peter, H., Judge, P.G., 1999. On the Doppler shifts of solar ultraviolet emission lines. Astrophysical Journal 522, 1148-1166.
217. Phillips, K.J.H., Leibacher, J.W., Wolfson, C.J., et al., 1982. Solar flare X-ray spectra from the Solar Maximum Mission flat crystal spectrometer. Astrophysical Journal 256, 774-787.
218. Pneuman, G.W., Kopp, R.A., 1978. Downflow in the supergranulation network and its implications for transition region models. Solar Physics 57, 49-64.
219. Pottasch, S.R., 1964. On the interpretation of the solar ultraviolet emission line spectrum. Space Science Reviews 3, 816-855.
220. Purcell, J.D., Tousey, R., 1960. The profile of solar hydrogen-Lyman-α. Journal of Geophysical Research 65, 370-372.
221. Purcell, J.D., Widing, K.G., 1972. Rocket observation of Ar XII-XVI, Ca XIV-XVIII, and Fe XIV, XV, XXIV in the extreme-ultraviolet spectrum of a solar flare. Astrophysical Journal 176, 239-247.
222. Purcell, J.D., Packer, D.M., Tousey, R., 1959. Lyman-alpha photographs of the Sun. Nature 184, 8-10.
223. Purcell, J.D., Packer, D.M., Tousey, R., 1960. The ultraviolet spectrum of the Sun. Space Research 581-589.
224. Purcell, J.D., Garrett, D.L., Tousey, R., 1964. Spectroheliograms in the extreme ultraviolet. Astronomical Journal 69, 147-148 (Abstract).
225. Rees, M.H., 1989. Physics and Chemistry of the Upper Atmosphere. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
226. Reeves, E.M., 1976. The EUV chromospheric network in the quiet Sun. Solar Physics 46, 53-72.
227. Reeves, E.M., Parkinson, W.H., 1970. An atlas of extremeultraviolet spectroheliograms from OSO-IV. Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series 21, 1-30.
228. Reeves, E.M., Foukal, P.V., Huber, M.C.E., et al., 1974. Observations of the chromospheric network: initial results from the Apollo Telescope Mount. Astrophysical Journal 188, L27-L29.
229. Reeves, E.M., Timothy, J.G., Huber, M.C.E., 1977. Extreme UV spectroheliometer on the Apollo Telescope Mount. Applied Optics 16, 837-848.
230. Rehn, V., Choyke, W.J., 1980. SiC mirrors for synchrotron radiation. Nuclear Instruments and Methods 177, 173-178.
231. Rense, W.A., 1953. Intensity of Lyman-alpha line in the solar spectrum. Physical Review 91, 299-302.
232. Ridgeley, A., Burton, W.M., 1972. Further observations of the solar limb spectrum in the region 550-2000 Å. Solar Physics 27, 280-285.
233. Rottman, G.J., Orrall, F.Q., Klimchuk, J.A., 1982. Measurements of outflow from the base of solar coronal holes. Astrophysical Journal 260, 326-337.
234. Rottman, G.J., Woods, T.N., Sparn, T.P., 1993. SOLar-STellar irradiance comparison experiment 1. 1. Instrument design and operation. Journal of Geophysical Research 98, 10667-10677.
235. Sakao, T., Tsuneta, S., Hara, H., et al., 1999. The XUV Doppler telescope (XDT). Solar Physics 187, 303-333.
236. Samain, D., Bonnet, R.M., Gayet, R., Lizambert, C., 1975. Stigmatic spectra of the Sun between 1200 Å and 2100 ? A. Astronomy and Astrophysics 39, 71-81.
237. Sandlin, G.D., Tousey, R., 1979. On the solar coronal lines 1175-1965 Å. Astrophysical Journal 227, L107-L109.
238. Sandlin, G.D., Brueckner, G.E., Scherrer, V.E., Tousey, R., 1976. High-temperature flare lines in the solar spectrum 171 Å-630 Å. Astrophysical Journal 205, L47-L50.
239. Sandlin, G.D., Brueckner, G.E., Tousey, R., 1977. Forbidden lines of the solar corona and transition zone: 975-3000 Å. Astrophysical Journal 214, 898-904.
240. Sandlin, G.D., Bartoe, J.-D.F., Brueckner, G.E., et al., 1986. The high-resolution solar spectrum, 1175-1710 Å. Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series 61, 801-898.
241. Sato, S., Iijima, A., Takeda, S., et al., 1989. SiC mirror development at the photon factory. Reviews of Scientific Instruments 60, 1479-1485.
242. Schmelz, J.T., Saba, J.L.R., Strong, K.T., et al., 1999. Emission measure distribution for an active region using coordinated SERTS and Yohkoh/SXT observations. Astrophysical Journal 523, 432-443.
243. Schmidtke, G., Rawer, K., Botzek, H., et al., 1977. Solar EUV photon fluxes measured aboard Aeros A. Journal of Geophysical Research 82, 2423-2427.
244. Schühle, U., 1993. The cleanliness control program for SUMER/SOHO. In: Silver, E.H., Kahn, S.M. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 10th International Colloquium on UV and X-ray Spectroscopy of Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 373-382.
245. Schühle, U., Brekke, P., Curdt, W., et al., 1998. Radiometric calibration tracking of the vacuum-ultraviolet spectrometer SUMER during the first year of the SOHO mission. Applied Optics 37, 2646-2652.
246. Seely, J.F., Feldman, U., Schühle, U., et al., 1997. Turbulent velocities and ion temperatures in the solar corona obtained from SUMER line widths. Astrophysical Journal 484, L87-L90.
247. Shine, R.A., Roussel-Dupre, D., Bruner Jr., E.C., et al., 1976. Preliminary results from the Orbiting Solar Observatory 8. : observations of optically thin lines. Astrophysical Journal 210, L107-L110.
248. Thomas, R.J., Neupert, W.M., 1994. Extreme ultraviolet spectrum of a solar active region from SERTS. Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series 91, 461-482.
249. Tousey, R., 1963. The extreme ultraviolet spectrum of the Sun. Space Science Reviews 2, 3-69.
250. Tousey, R., 1964. The spectrum of the Sun in the extreme ultraviolet. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 5, 123-144.
251. Tousey, R., Austin, W.E., Purcell, J.D., Widing, K.G., 1965. The extreme ultraviolet emission from the Sun between the Lyman-alpha lines of H I and C VI. Annals of Astrophysics 28, 755-773.
252. Tousey, R., Bartoe, J.-D.F., Brueckner, G.E., Purcell, J.D., 1977. Extreme ultraviolet spectroheliograph ATM experiment S082A. Applied Optics 16, 870-878.
253. Tsuneta, S., Acton, L., Bruner, M., et al., 1991. The soft X-ray telescope for the Solar-A mission. Solar Physics 136, 37-67.
254. Tu, C.-Y., Marsch, E., Wilhelm, K., Curdt, W., 1998. Ion temperatures in a solar polar coronal hole observed by SUMER on SOHO. Astrophysical Journal 503, 475-482.
255. Underwood, J.H., Neupert, W.M., 1974. The GSFC EUV and X-ray spectroheliograph on OSO-7. Solar Physics 35, 241-258.
256. van de Hulst, H.C., 1950a. The electron density of the solar corona. Bulletin of the Astronomical Institutes of the Netherlands 11, 135-150.
257. van de Hulst, H.C., 1950b. On the polar rays of the corona. Bulletin of the Astronomical Institutes of the Netherlands 11, 150-163.
258. Vernazza, J.E., Reeves, E.M., 1978. Extreme ultraviolet composite spectra of representative solar features. Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series 37, 485-513.
259. Vernazza, J.E., Foukal, P.V., Huber, M.C.E., et al., 1975. Time variations in extreme-ultraviolet emission lines and the problem of coronal heating. Astrophysical Journal 199, L123-L126.
260. Vernazza, J.E., Avrett, E.H., Loeser, R., 1981. The structure of the solar chromosphere. III. Models of the EUV brightness components of the quiet Sun. Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series 45, 635-725.
261. Violett, T., Rense, W.A., 1959. Solar emission lines in the extreme ultraviolet. Astrophysical Journal 130, 954-960.
262. Waldmeier, M., 1941. Die Kontur der Koronalinie 5302,86 Å. Zeitschrift fuer Astrophysik 20, 323-331.
263. Walker Jr., A.B.C., 1972. The coronal X-spectrum: problems and prospects. Space Science Reviews 13, 672-730.
264. Walker Jr., A.B.C., Lindblom, J.F., Barbee Jr., T.W., Hoover, R.B., 1988. Soft X-ray images of the solar corona with a normal-incidence Cassegrain multilayer telescope. Science 241, 1781-1787.
265. Warren, H.P., Mariska, J.T., Wilhelm, K., 1997. Observations of Doppler shifts in a solar polar coronal hole. Astrophysical Journal 490, L187-L190.
266. Widing, K.G., 1975. Fe XXIII 263 Å and Fe XXIV 255 Å emission in solar flares. Astrophysical Journal 197, L33-L35.
267. 2P transition in solar flares. Astrophysical Journal 204, L151-L153.
268. Widing, K.G., Purcell, J.D., Sandlin, G.D., 1970. The UV continuum 1450-2100 Å and the problem of the solar temperature minimum. Solar Physics 12, 52-62.
269. Widing, K.G., Sandlin, G.D., Cowan, R.D., 1971. On the classification of some highly ionized iron and nickel lines in the 200-400 Å region of the solar spectrum. Astrophysical Journal 169,405-411.
270. Wilhelm, K., 2002a. Spectroradiometry of spatially-resolved solar plasma structures. In: Pauluhn, A., Huber, M.C.E., Steiger, R.v. (Eds.), The Radiometric Calibration of SOHO. ISSI Scientific Report, SR-002, ESA Publications Division, Noordwijk, 37-50.
271. Wilhelm, K., 2002b. Calibration and inter-calibration of SOHO's vacuum-ultraviolet instrumentation. In: Pauluhn, A., Huber, M.C.E., Steiger, R.v. (Eds.), The Radiometric Calibration of SOHO. ISSI Scientific Report, SR-002, ESA Publications Division, Noordwijk, 69-90.
272. Wilhelm, K., Curdt, W., Marsch, E., et al., 1995. SUMER-solar ultraviolet measurements of emitted radiation. Solar Physics 162, 189-231.
273. Wilhelm, K., Lemaire, P., Curdt, W., et al., 1997. First results of the SUMER telescope and spectrometer on SOHO. 1. Spectra and spectroradiometry. Solar Physics 170, 75-104.
274. Wilhelm, K., Marsch, E., Dwivedi, B.N., et al., 1998a. The solar corona above polar coronal holes as seen by SUMER on SOHO. Astrophysical Journal 500, 1023-1038.
275. Wilhelm, K., Lemaire, P., Dammasch, I.E., et al., 1998b. Solar irradiances and radiances of UV and EUV lines during the minimum of the sunspot activity in 1996. Astronomy and Astrophysics 334, 685-702.
276. Wilhelm, K., Woods, T.N., Schühle, U., et al., 1999. The solar ultraviolet spectrum from 1200 Å to 1560 Å: a radiometric comparison between SUMER/SOHO and SOLSTICE/UARS. Astronomy and Astrophysics 352, 321-326.
277. Wilhelm, K., Dammasch, I.E., Marsch, E., Hassler, D.M., 2000. On the source regions of the fast solar wind in polar coronal holes. Astronomy and Astrophysics 353, 749-756.
278. Wilhelm, K., Inhester, B., Newmark, J.S., 2002. The inner solar corona seen by SUMER, LASCO/C1, and EIT: electron densities and temperatures during the rise of the new solar cycle. Astronomy and Astrophysics 382, 328-341.
279. Withbroe, G.L., Noyes, R.W., 1977. Mass and energy How in the solar chromosphere and corona. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 15, 363-387.
280. Withbroe, G.L., Kohl, J.L., Weiser, H., Munro, R.H., 1982. Probing the solar wind acceleration region using spectroscopic techniques. Space Science Reviews 33, 17-52.
281. Woch, J., Axford, W.I., Mall, U., et al., 1997. SWICS/Ulysses observations: the three-dimensional structure of the heliosphere in the declining/minimum phase of the solar cycle. Geophysical Research Letters 24, 2885-2888.
282. Woodgate, B.E., Tandberg-Hanssen, E.A., Bruner, E.C., et al., 1980. The ultraviolet spectrometer and polarimeter on the Solar Maximum Mission. Solar Physics 65, 73-90.
283. Woods, T.N., Rottman, G.J., 1990. Solar EUV irradiance derived from a sounding rocket experiment on November 10, 1988. Journal of Geophysical Research 95, 6227-6236.
284. Woods, T.N., Rottman, G.J., Ucker, G.J., 1993. SOLar-STellar irradiance comparison experiment 1. 2. Instrument calibrations. Journal of Geophysical Research 98, 10679-10694.
285. Woods, T.N., Rottman, G.J., Bailey, S.M., et al., 1998. Solar extreme ultraviolet irradiance measurements during solar cycle 22. Solar Physics 177, 133-146.
286. Woolley, R. van der R., Allen, C.W., 1948. The coronal emission spectrum. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 108, 292-305.
287. Zimmermann, R., 2000. The Chronological Encyclopedia of Discoveries in Space. The Oryx Press, Phoenix.