Bereaved parents' outcomes 4 to 60 months after their children's deaths by accident, suicide, or homicide: A comparative study demonstrating differences

Death Studies

Volumn 27, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 39-61

  Murphy, Shirley A ^a   Johnson, L Clark ^a   Wu, Lang ^d   Fan, Juan Juan ^b   Lohan, Janet ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCIDENTAL DEATH; ADULT; ARTICLE; BEREAVEMENT; CAUSE OF DEATH; CHILD DEATH; EMOTIONAL ATTACHMENT; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HOMICIDE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MARRIAGE; MENTAL STRESS; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PARENT; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; RATING SCALE; SUICIDE; TECHNIQUE; TIME OF DEATH;

ACCIDENTS; ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ATTITUDE TO DEATH; CHILD; GRIEF; HOMICIDE; HUMANS; PARENTS; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; SUICIDE; TIME FACTORS; VIOLENCE;

EID: 0037246790     PISSN: 07481187     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/07481180302871     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed., rev.). Washington, DC: Authors.
2. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., rev.). Washington, DC: Authors.
3. Amick-McMullan, A., Kilpatrick, D. G., & Resnick, H. S. (1991). Homicide as a risk factor for PTSD among surviving family members. Behavior Modification, 15, 545-559.
4. Applebaum, D. R., & Burns, G. L. (1991). Unexpected childhood death: Posttraumatic stress disorder in surviving siblings and parents. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 20, 114-120.
5. Bailley, S. E., Kral., M. J., & Dunham, K. (1999). Survivors of suicide do grieve differently: Empirical support for a common sense proposition. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 29, 256-271.
6. Bonanno, G. A., & Kaltman, S. (1999). Toward an integrative perspective on bereavement. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 760-776.
7. Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Vol. I. Attachment. New York: Basic Books.
8. Brent, D. A., Moritz, G., Bridge, J., Perper, J., & Canobbio, R. (1996). The impact of adolescent suicide on siblings and parents: A longitudinal follow-up. Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior, 26, 253-258.
9. Cain, A. (1972). Survivors of suicide. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
10. Calhoun, L. G., Selby, J. W., & Abernathy, C. B. (1984). Suicidal death: Social reactions to bereaved survivors. Journal of Psychology 116, 255-261.
11. Carver, C., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 56, 267-283.
12. Cleiren, M. P., Diekstra, R. F., Kerkhof, A. J., & van der Wal, J. (1994). Mode of death and kinship in bereavement: Focusing on "whom" rather than "how". Crisis, 15(1), 22-36.
13. Cook, J. A. (1983). A death in the family: Parental bereavement in the first year. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 13, 42-61.
14. Davis, C. G., Wortman, C. B., Lehman, D. R., & Silver, R. (2000). Searching for meaning in loss: Are clinical assumptions correct? Death Studies, 24, 497-540.
15. Derogatis, L. R. (1992). BSI - administration, scoring, andprocedures manual: II. Baltimore: Clinical Psychometric Research.
16. Dijkstra, I. C. (2000). Living with loss. Parents grieving for the death of their child. Utrecht, The Netherlands: Febodruk, Enschede.
17. Foa, E. B., Keane, T. M., & Friedman, M. J. (2000). Guidelines for treatment of PTSD (Introduction). Journal of Traumatic Studies, 13, 539-555.
18. Freud, S. (1957). Mourning and melancholia. In J. Strachey (Ed.). The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud. London: Hogarth Press.
19. Graham, J. W., Hofer, S. M., Donaldson, S. I., MacKinnon, D. P., & Schafer, J. L. (1997). Analysis with missing data in prevention research. In K. J. Bryant, M. T. Windle, & S. G. West (Eds.), The science of prevention: Methodological advances from alcohol and substance abuse research (pp. 325-365). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
20. Graham, J. W., Hofer, S. M., & Piccinin, A. (1994). Analysis with missing data in drug prevention research. In L. M. Collins & L. A. Seitz (Eds.), Advances in data analysis for prevention intervention research. NIDA Research Monograph No. 108 (pp. 13-63). NIH Publication No. 94-3599. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
21. Green, B. L. (1990). Defining trauma: Terminology and generic stressor dimensions. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20, 1632-1642.
22. Hogan, N., Morse, J. M., & Tason, M. C. (1996). Toward an experiential theory of bereavement. Omega, 33, 43-65.
23. Johnson, L. C., Murphy, S. A., & Dimond, M. (1995). Tracking subjects in longitudinal studies with complex protocols. Communicating Nursing Research, 28, 224.
24. Jordan, J. R. (2001). Is suicide bereavement different? A reassessment of the literature. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 31, 91-101.
25. Kaplan, K. J., & Maldaver, M. (1993). Parental marital style and completed adolescent suicide. Omega, 27, 131-154.
26. Knapp, R. (1986). Beyond endurance: When a child dies. New York: Schoeken.
27. Koppleman, K. (1991). Emerging from the anguish: a father's experience with loss and grief. In D. Lund (Ed.). Men coping with grief (pp. 85-95). Amityville, NY: Baywood.
28. Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
29. Lehman, D. R., Wortman, C. B., & Williams, A. F. (1987). Long-term effects of losing a spouse or child in a motor vehicle crash. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 218-231.
30. McIntosh, J. L. (1993). Control group studies of suicide survivors: A review and critique. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 23, 146-161.
31. Miles, M. S., & Demi, A. S. (1991). A comparison of guilt in bereaved parents whose children died by suicide, accident, or chronic disease. Omega, 24, 203-215.
32. Miller, K. E., King, C. A., Shain, B. N., & Naylor, M. W. (1992). Suicidal adolescents' perceptions of their family environment. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 22, 226-239.
33. Moriarty, H. J., Carroll, R., & Cotroneo, M. (1996). Differences in bereavement reactions within couples following death of a child. Research in Nursing & Health, 19, 461-469.
34. Murphy, S. A., Braun, T., Tillery, L., Cain, K. C., Johnson, L. C., & Beaton, R. D. (1999). PTSD among bereaved parents following the violent deaths of their 12 to 28 year-old children: A longitudinal prospective analysis. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 12, 273-291.
35. Murphy, S. A., Das Gupta, A., Cain, K. C., Johnson, L. C., Lohan, J., Wu, L., & Mekwa, J. (1999). Changes in parents' mental distress after the violent death of an adolescent or young adult child: A longitudinal, prospective analysis. Death Studies, 23, 129-159.
36. Murphy, S. A., Johnson, L. C., Cain, K., Das Gupta, A., Dimond, M., Lohan, J., & Baugher, R. (1998). Broad-spectrum group treatment for parents bereaved by the violent deaths of their 12 to 28 year old children: A randomized controlled trial. Death Studies, 22, 209-235.
37. Murphy, S. A.,Johnson, L. C., Lohan, J., & Tapper, V. J. (2002). Bereaved parents' use of individual, family, and community resources 4 to 60 months after a child's violent death. Family and Community Health, 25(1), 1-12.
38. Murphy, S. A., Lohan, J., Braun, T., Johnson, L. C., Cain, K. C., Baugher, R., Beaton, R. D., & Dimond, M. (1999). Parents' health, health care utilization, and health behaviors following the violent deaths of their 12 to 28 year-old children: A prospective longitudinal analysis. Death Studies, 23, 589-616.
39. Ness, D. E., & Pfeffer, C. R. (1990). Sequalae of bereavement resulting from suicide. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 279-285.
40. Provini, C., Everett, J. R., & Pfeffer, C. R. (2000). Adults mourning suicide: Self-reported concerns about bereavement, needs for assistance, and help-seeking behavior. Death Studies, 24, 1-19.
41. Rando, T. A. (1996). Complications in mourning traumatic death. In K. Doka (Ed.), Living with grief after sudden loss (pp. 139-159). Washington, D. C.: Taylor and Francis.
42. Range, L. M., & Niss, N. M. (1990). Long-term bereavement from suicide, homicide, accidents, and natural deaths. Death Studies, 14, 423-433.
43. Reed, M. D., & Greenwald, J. Y. (1991). Survivor-victim status, attachment, and sudden death bereavement. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 21, 385-401.
44. Rinear, E. E. (1988). Psychosocial aspects of parental response patterns to the death of a child by homicide, Journal of Traumatic Stress, 1, 305-322.
45. Schafer, J. L. (1997). Analysis of incomplete multivariate data. London: Chapman & Hall.
46. Schneideman, E. S. (1969). On the nature of suicide. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
47. Schwab, R. (1990). Paternal and maternal coping with the death of a child. Death Studies, 14, 407-422.
48. Schwab, R. (1998). A child's death and divorce: Dispelling the myth. Death Studies, 22, 445-468.
49. Seguin, M., Lesage, A., & Kiely, M. C. (1995). Parental bereavement after suicide and accident: A comparative study. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 25, 489-498.
50. Spanier, G. B. (1976). Measuring dyadic adjustment: New scales for assessing the quality of marriage and similar dyads. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 38, 15-27.
51. Sprang, M. V., & McNeil, J. S. (1998). Post-homicide reactions: Grief, mourning, and post-traumatic stress disorder following a drunk driving fatality. Omega, 37, 41-58.
52. Stevens-Guille, M. E. (1999). Intersections of grief and trauma: Family members' reactions to homicide. In C. R. Figley (Ed.), Traumatology of grieving: Conceptual, theoretical, and treatment foundations (pp. 53-69). Philadelphia: Brunner/Mazel.
53. Thompson, M. P., Norris, F. H., & Ruback, R. B. (1998). Comparative distress levels of inner-city family members of homicide victims. Journal of of Traumatic Stress, 11, 223-242.
54. U. S. National Center for Health Statistics. (2000). Deaths and death rates for the 10 leading causes of death in specified age groups, by race and sex. United States, 1998. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
55. Van Dongen, C. J. (1991). Experiences of family members after a suicide. Journal of Family Practice, 33, 375-380.