Therapeutic efficacy and safety of 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine in patients with Crohn's disease

Reviews in Gastroenterological Disorders

Volumn 3, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2003, Pages

  Markowitz, James F ^a,b  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b N Shore Long Island Jewish Hlth Sys ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

6 mercaptopurine; Azathioprine; Crohn's disease; Crohn's disease remission induction; Crohn's disease remission maintenance; Immunomodulatory therapy; Steroid sparing agents

Indexed keywords

AZATHIOPRINE; CORTICOSTEROID; IMMUNOMODULATING AGENT; MERCAPTOPURINE; MESALAZINE; PREDNISONE;

BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION; CANCER RISK; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONCEPTION; CROHN DISEASE; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM FUNCTION DISORDER; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY; DRUG SAFETY; FEVER; HEPATITIS; HUMAN; LEUKOPENIA; MAINTENANCE THERAPY; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; NEOPLASM; PANCREATITIS; POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREGNANCY; RECURRENT DISEASE; RECURRENT INFECTION; REMISSION; REVIEW;

6-MERCAPTOPURINE; ADJUVANTS, IMMUNOLOGIC; ADULT; AZATHIOPRINE; CHILD; CROHN DISEASE; HUMANS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS; RECTAL FISTULA; REMISSION INDUCTION; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0037240384     PISSN: 1533001X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (46)

1. Markowitz J, Grancher K, Kohn N, Daum F. Immunomodulatory therapy for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: changing patterns of use, 1990-2000. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97:928-932.
2. Lennard L. The clinical pharmacology of 6-mercaptopurine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1992;43:329-339.
3. Brooke BN, Hoffmann DC, Swarbrick ET. Azathioprine for Crohn's disease. Lancet. 1969;2:612-614.
4. Brown CH, Achkar E. Azathioprine therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: a preliminary report. Am J Gastroenterol. 1970;54:363-377.
5. Rhodes J, Bainton D, Beck P. Azathioprine in Crohn's disease. Lancet. 1970;2:1142.
6. Markowitz J, Rosa J, Grancher K, et al. Long-term 6-mercaptopurine treatment in adolescents with Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology. 1990;99:1347-1351.
7. Verhave M, Winter HS, Grand RJ. Azathioprine in the treatment of children with inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr. 1990;117:809-814.
8. Rhodes J, Bainton P, Campbell H. Controlled trial of azathioprine in Crohn's disease. Lancet. 1971;2:1273-1276.
9. Willoughby JM, Beckett J, Kumar PJ, Dawson AM. Controlled trial of azathioprine in Crohn's disease. Lancet. 1971;2:944-947.
10. Klein M, Binder HJ, Mitchell M, et al. Treatment of Crohn's disease with azathioprine: a controlled evaluation. Gastroenterology. 1974;66:916-922.
11. Summers RW, Switz DM, Sessions JT Jr, et al. National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study: results of drug treatment. Gastroenterology. 1979;77:847-869.
12. Present DH, Korelitz BI, Wisch N, et al. Treatment of Crohn's disease with 6-mercaptopurine: a long-term, randomized, double-blind study. N Engl J Med. 1980;302:981-987.
13. Ewe K, Press A, Singe C, et al. Azathioprine combined with prednisolone or monotherapy with prednisolone in active Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology. 1993;105:367-372.
14. Candy S, Wright JP, Gerber M, et al. A double blind controlled study of azathioprine in the treatment and maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. Gut. 1995;37:674-678.
15. Oren R, Moshkowitz M, Odes S, et al. Methotrexate in chronic active Crohn's disease: a double-blind, randomized, Israeli multicenter trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 1997;92:2203-2209.
16. Sandborn W, Sutherland L, Pearson D, et al. Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for inducing remission of Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD000545.
17. Markowitz J, Grancher K, Kohn N, et al, and the Pediatric 6MP Collaborative Group. A multicenter trial of 6-mercaptopurine and prednisone in children with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology. 2000;119:895-902.
18. Korelitz BI, Present DH. Favorable effect of 6-mercaptopurine on fistulae of Crohn's disease. Dig Dis Sci. 1985;30:58-64.
19. Korelitz BI, Adler DJ, Mendelsohn RA, Sacknoff AL. Long-term experience with 6-mercaptopurine in the treatment of Crohn's disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 1993;88:1198-1205.
20. Pearson DC, May GR, Fick GH, Sutherland LR. Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine in Crohn's disease: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 1995;123:132-142.
21. Jeshion WC, Larsen KL, Jawad AF, et al. Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for the treatment of perianal Crohn's disease in children. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2000;30:294-298.
22. Rosenberg JL, Levin B, Wall AJ, Kirsner JB. A controlled trial of azathioprine in Crohn's disease. Am J Dig Dis. 1975;20:721-726.
23. O'Donoghue DP, Dawson AM, Powell-Tuck J, et al. Double-blind withdrawal trial of azathioprine as maintenance treatment for Crohn's disease. Lancet. 1978;2:955-957.
24. Pearson DC, May GR, Fick G, Sutherland LR. Azathioprine for maintaining remission of Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD000067.
25. Korelitz B, Hanauer S, Rutgeerts P, et al. Postoperative prophylaxis with 6-MP, 5-ASA or placebo in Crohn's disease: a 2 year multicenter trial [abstract]. Gastroenterology. 1998;114:A1011.
26. Baldassano RN, Han PD, Jeshion WC, et al. Pediatric Crohn's disease: risk factors for postoperative recurrence. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;96:2169-2176.
27. Kader HA, Raynor SC, Young R, et al. Introduction of 6-mercaptopurine in Crohn's disease patients during the perioperative period: a preliminary evaluation of recurrence of disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1997;25:93-97.
28. Present DH, Meltzer SJ, Krumholz MP, et al. 6-Mercaptopurine in the management of inflammatory bowel disease: short- and long-term toxicity. Ann Int Med. 1989;111:641-649.
29. Cuffari C, Theoret Y, Latour S, Seidman EG. 6-Mercaptopurine metabolism in Crohn's disease: correlation with efficacy and toxicity. Gut. 1996;39:401-406.
30. Dubinsky MC, Lamothe S, Yang HY, et al. Pharmacogenomics and metabolite measurement for 6-mercaptopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2000;118:705-713.
31. Kirschner B. Safety of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 1998;115:813-821.
32. Korelitz BI, Mirsky FJ, Fleischer MR, et al. Malignant neoplasms subsequent to treatment for inflammatory bowel disease with 6-mercaptopurine. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999;94:3248-3253.
33. Dayharsh GA, Loftus EV Jr, Sandborn WJ, et al. Epstein-Barr virus-positive lymphoma in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine. Gastroenterology. 2002;122:72-77.
34. Connell WR, Kamm MA, Dickson M, et al. Long-term neoplasia risk after azathioprine treatment in inflammatory bowel disease. Lancet. 1994;343:1249-1252.
35. Lewis JD, Bilker WB, Brensinger C, et al. Inflammatory bowel disease is not associated with an increased risk of lymphoma. Gastroenterology. 2001;121:1080-1087.
36. Williamson RA, Karp LE. Azathioprine teratogenicity: review of the literature and case report. Obstet Gynecol. 1981;58:247-250.
37. Scantlebury V, Gordon R, Tzakis A, et al. Childbearing after liver transplantation. Transplantation. 1990;49:317-321.
38. Roubenoff R, Hoyt J, Petri M, et al. Effects of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs on pregnancy and fertility. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1988;18:88-110.
39. Alstead EM, Ritchie JK, Lennard-Jones JE, et al. Safety of azathioprine in pregnancy in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 1990;99:443-446.
40. Francella A, Dayan A, Rubin P. 6-Mercaptopurine is a safe therapy for child-bearing patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a case controlled study [abstract]. Gastroenterology. 1996;110:A909.
41. Marion JF. Toxicity of 6-mercaptopurine/azathioprine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 1998;2:116-117.
42. Dejaco C, Mittermaier C, Reinisch W, et al. Azathioprine treatment and male fertility in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2001;121:1048-1053.
43. Rajapakse RO, Korelitz BI, Zlatanic J, et al. Outcome of pregnancies when fathers are treated with 6-mercaptopurine for inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95:684-688.
44. Bouhnik Y, Lemann M, Mary J-Y, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with Crohn's disease treated with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine. Lancet. 1996;347:215-219.
45. Kim PS, Zlatanic J, Korelitz BI, Gleim GW. Optimum duration of treatment with 6-mercaptopurine for Crohn's disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999;94:3254-3257.
46. Lemann M, Bouhnik Y, Colombel J-F, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, azathioprine withdrawal trial in Crohn's disease [abstract]. Gastroenterology. 2002;122:A23.