Influences of clinician technique on performance and interpretation of the Lachman test

Journal of Athletic Training

Volumn 38, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 34-43

  Hurley, Wendy L ^a   McGuire, D Thompson ^b  

^a STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^b PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Clinical evaluation; Grip configuration; Subset skills; Test style

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL EXAMINATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FUNCTION TEST; GRIP STRENGTH; HUMAN; INSTRUMENTATION; KINEMATICS; LACHMAN TEST; MALE; PERFORMANCE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SKILL; SPORT INJURY; TECHNIQUE; TIBIA; TRAINING; VIDEORECORDING;

EID: 0037240028     PISSN: 10626050     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Newell KM, Kugler PN, van Emmerik REA, McDonald PV. Search strategies and the acquisition of coordination. In: Wallace SA, ed. Perspectives on the Coordination of Movement. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers; 1989:85-122.
2. Newell KM, McDonald PV. Searching for solutions to the coordination function: learning as exploratory behavior. In: Stelmach GE, Requin J, eds. Tutorials in Motor Behavior II. Amsterdam, Netherlands: North-Holland; 1982:517-532.
3. Newell KM, Valvano J. Therapeutic intervention as a constraint in learning and relearning movement skills. Scand J Occup Ther. 1998;5:23-35.
4. Bonnarens FO, Drez D Jr. Clinical examination of the knee for anterior cruciate ligament laxity. In: Jackson DW, Drez D Jr, eds. The Anterior Cruciate Deficient Knee: New Concepts in Ligament Repair. Washington, DC: Mosby; 1987:72-88.
5. Irrgang JJ, Safran MR, Fu FH. The knee: ligamentous and meniscal injuries. In: Zachazewski JE, Magee DJ, Quillen WS, eds. Athletic Injuries and Rehabilitation. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1996:623-692.
6. Torg JS, Conrad W, Kalen V. Clinical diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament instability in the athlete. Am J Sports Med. 1976;4:84-93.
7. DeHaven KE. Arthroscopy in the diagnosis and management of the anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee. Clin Orthop. 1983;172:52-56.
8. Donaldson WF III, Warren RF, Wickiewicz T. A comparison of acute anterior cruciate ligament examinations: initial versus examination under anesthesia. Am J Sports Med. 1985; 13:5-10.
9. Frank C. Accurate interpretation of the Lachman test. Clin Orthop. 1986;213:163-166.
10. Jackson RW. The torn ACL: natural history of untreated lesions and rationale for selective treatment. In: Feagin JA, ed. The Crucial Ligament: Diagnosis and Treatment of Ligamentous Injuries About the Knee. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 1988:341-348.
11. Jonsson T, Althoff B, Peterson L, Renstrom P. Clinical diagnosis of ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament: a comparative study of the Lachman test and the anterior drawer sign. Am J Sports Med. 1982;10:100-102.
12. Katz JW, Fingeroth RJ. The diagnostic accuracy of ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament comparing the Lachman test, the anterior drawer sign, and the pivot shift test in acute and chronic knee injuries. Am J Sports Med. 1986;14:88-91.
13. King S, Butterwick DJ, Cuerrier J-P. The anterior cruciate ligament: a review of recent concepts. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1986;8:110-122.
14. Larson RL. Clinical evaluation. In: Larson RL, Grana WA, eds. The Knee: Form, Function, Pathology, and Treatment. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1993:73-102.
15. Paessler HH, Michel D. How new is the Lachman test? Am J Sports Med. 1992;20:95-98.
16. Oberlander MA, Shalvoy RM, Hughston JC. The accuracy of the clinical knee examination documented by arthroscopy: a prospective study. Am J Sports Med. 1993;21:773-778.
17. National Athletic Trainers' Association. Clinical Instructor Educator Seminar. January 7, 2001; Providence, RI: National Athletic Trainers' Association.
18. Pheasant ST. Bodyspace: Anthropometry, Ergonomics and the Design of Work. 2nd ed. Bristol, PA: Taylor & Francis Inc; 1990.
19. Dempster WT. Space Requirements of the Seated Operator. Dayton, OH: Wright-Patterson Air Force Base; 1955. Wright Air Development Center Technical Report 55-159.
20. Daniel DM, Fritschy D. Anterior cruciate ligament injuries. In: DeLee JC, Drez D Jr, eds. Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: Principles and Practice. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1994:1313-1361.
21. Daniel DM, Malcom LL, Losse G, Stone ML, Sachs R, Burks R. Instrumented evaluation of knee laxity: a comparison of five arthrometers. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1985;67:720-726.
22. Larson RL, Grana WA. The Knee: Form, Function, Pathology, and Treatment. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1993.
23. Gurtler RA, Stine R, Torg JS. Lachman test evaluated: quantification of a clinical observation. Clin Orthop. 1987;216:141-150.
24. Lintner DM, Kamaric E, Moseley JB, Noble PC. Partial tears of the anterior cruciate ligament: are they clinically detectable? Am J Sports Med. 1995;23:111-118.
25. Anderson AF, Lipscomb AB. Preoperative instrumented testing of anterior and posterior knee laxity. Am J Sports Med. 1989;17:387-392.
26. Bach BR Jr, Warren RF, Flynn WM, Kroll M, Wickiewicz TL. Arthrometric evaluation of knees that have a torn anterior cruciate ligament. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1990;72:1299-1306.
27. Daniel DM, Stone ML, Sachs R, Malcom LL. Instrumented measurement of anterior knee laxity in patients with acute anterior cruciate ligament disruption. Am J Sports Med. 1985;13:401-407.
28. MEDmetric Corporation. KT1000 Knee Ligament Arthrometer User's Guide. San Diego, CA: MEDmetric Corp; 1994.
29. Sherman OH, Markolf KL, Ferkel RD. Measurements of anterior laxity in normal and anterior cruciate absent knees with two instrumented test devices. Clin Orthop. 1987;215:156-161.
30. Steiner ME, Brown C, Zarins B, Brownstein B, Koval PS, Stone P. Measurement of anterior-posterior displacement of the knee: a comparison of the results with instrumented devices and with clinical examination. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1990;72:1307-1315.
31. Wroble RR, van Ginkel LA, Grood ES, Noyes FR, Shaffer BL. Repeatability of the KT100 arthrometer in a normal population. Am J Sports Med. 1990;18:396-399.
32. Forster IW, Warren-Smith CD, Tew M. Is the KT1000 ligament arthrometer reliable? J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1989;71:843-847.
33. Highgenboten CL, Jackson A, Meske NB. Genucom, KT1000, and Stryker knee laxity measuring device comparisons: device reproducibility and interdevice comparison in asymptomatic subjects. Am J Sports Med. 1989;17:743-746.
34. Bach BR Jr, Warren RF, Wickiewicz TL. The pivot shift phenomenon: results and description of a modified clinical test for anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency. Am J Sports Med. 1988;16:571-576.
35. Garrett JW. The adult human hand: some anthropometric and biomechanical considerations. Hum Factors. 1971;13:117-131.
36. Pheasant ST. Anthropomentric estimates for British civilian adults. Ergonomics. 1982;25:993-1001.
37. Snyder RG, Schneider LW, Owings CL, Reynolds HM, Golomb DH, Schork MA. Anthropometry in Infants, Children and Youths To Age 18 for Product Safety Designs. Warrendale, PA: Society for Automotive Engineers; 1977.
38. Cesari P, Newell KM. The scaling of human grip configurations. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1999;25:927-935.
39. Newell KM, Cesari P. On taking the grasping out of prehension. Motor Control. 1999;3:285-288.
40. Newell KM, Scully DM, McDonald PV, Baillargeon R. Task constraints and infant grip configurations. Dev Psychobiol. 1989;22:817-831.
41. Newell KM, Scully DM, Tenenbaum F, Hardiman S. Body scale and the development of prehension. Dev Psychobiol. 1989;22:1-13.
42. Feagin JA. Principles of diagnosis and treatment. In: The Crucial Ligaments: Diagnosis and Treatment of Ligamentous Injuries About the Knee. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 1988:3-14.
43. Wroble RR, Lindenfeld TN. The stabilized Lachman test. Clin Orthop. 1988;237:209-212.
44. Daniel DM, Stone ML. Diagnosis of knee ligament injury: tests and measurements of joint laxity. In: Feagin JA, ed. The Crucial Ligaments: Diagnosis and Treatment of Ligamentous Injuries About the Knee. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 1988:287-293.
45. Nordin M, Frankel VH. Basic Biomechanics of the Musculoskeletal System. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger; 1989.
46. Butler DL, Noyes FR, Grood ES. Ligamentous restraints to anterior-posterior drawer in the human knee: a biomechanical study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1980;62:259-270.
47. Grood ES, Suntay WJ, Noyes FR, Butler DL. Biomechanics of knee-extension exercise: effect of cutting the anterior cruciate ligament. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984;66:25-34.
48. Torzilli PA, Greenberg RL, Insall JN. An in vivo biomechanical evaluation of anterior-posterior motion of the knee: roentgenographic measurement technique, stress machine, and stable population. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1981;63:960-968.
49. Hughston JC, Andrews JR, Cross MJ, Moschi A. Classification of knee ligament instabilities, part I: the medial compartment and cruciate ligaments. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1976;58:159-172.
50. Adler GG, Hoekman RA, Beach DM. Drop leg Lachman test: a new test of anterior knee laxity. Am J Sports Med. 1995:23:320-323.
51. Tyler TF, McHugh MP, Gleim GW, Nicholas SJ. Association of KT-1000 measurements with clinical tests of knee stability 1 year following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1999; 29:540-545.
52. Jordan MI. Computational aspects of motor control and motor learning. In: Handbook of Perception and Action. Vol 2. Academic Press Ltd; 1996:71-120.
53. Davies GJ. The need for critical thinking in rehabilitation. J Sport Rehabil. 1995;4:1-22.
54. Omohundro J. John Omohundro: in his own words: advice for a dynamic profession. Pro Football Athl Train. 2000;18(1):1-6.
55. Rothstein JM. Disciplines, demigods, and data. Phys Ther. 1988;78:1044-1045.
56. Noyes FR, Grood ES, Torzilli PA. Current concepts review: the definitions of terms for motion and position of the knee and injuries of the ligaments. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1989;71:465-472.
57. Malone T, Kegerreis ST. Physical Therapy of the Knee. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 1988.
58. Hurley WL, Newell KM, Buckley WE. Intervention strategies in athletic training clinical education:; the influence of grip configurations and compensatory movement patterns in clinical skill development. Paper presented at: National Athletic Trainers' Association 2001 Educators' Conference; January 19-21, 2001; Fort Worth, TX.