Seasonal vegetation changes in the Hoanib River catchment, north-western Namibia: A study of a non-equilibrium system

Journal of Arid Environments

Volumn 53, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 99-113

  Leggett, Keith ^a,b   Fennessy, Julian ^a   Schneider, Stephanie ^a  

^a DESERT RESEARCH FOUNDATION OF NAMIBIA   (Namibia)

^b Namibian Elephant/Giraffe Trust   (Namibia)

Author keywords

Arid environment; Non equilibrium system; Vegetation assessment

Indexed keywords

ARID ENVIRONMENT; BROWSING; FOOD AVAILABILITY; GRAZING; RAINFALL; RANGELAND; VEGETATION DYNAMICS;

HOANIB RIVER BASIN; NAMIBIA;

COLOPHOSPERMUM MOPANE; COLOSPHOSERMUM MOPANE; POACEAE;

EID: 0037216855     PISSN: 01401963     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jare.2002.1027     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Becker, T. & Jurgens, N. (2000). Vegetation along climate gradients in Kaokoland, North-West Namibia. Phytocoenologia, 30: 543-565.
2. Behnke, R. (1993). Natural resource management in pastoral Africa. Paper presented to the UNEP Workshop on Listening to the People: Social Aspects of Dry Land Management, Nairobi, Kenya.
3. Behnke R. & Scoones I. (1993). Rethinking range ecology: Implications for rangeland management in Africa. In: Behnke R., Scoones I. & Kerven C. (Eds), Range Ecology at Disequilibrium: New Models of Natural Variability & Pastoral Adaptation in African Savannas, pp. 1-30. London, U.K.: IIED/ODI/Commonwealth Secretariat. 210 pp.
4. Behnke R.H., Scoones, I. & Kerven, C. (Eds) (1993). Range Ecology at Disequilibrium: New Models of Natural Variability & Pastoral Adaptation in African Savannas. London: U.K. ODI/IIED/Commonwealth Secretariat. 248 pp.
5. Bonham, C.D. (1989). Measurement for Terrestrial Vegetation. New York: Wiley. 338 pp.
6. Braun-Blanquet, J. (Ed.) (1932). Plant Sociology: The study of Plant Communities. [Translated from German by G.D. Fuller and H.S. Conrad.] New York: McGraw-Hill. 439 pp.
7. Coppock, D.L., Swift, D.M. & Ellis, J.E. (1986). Seasonal nutritional characteristic of livestock diets in a nomadic pastoral ecosystem. Journal of Applied Ecology, 23: 585-595.
8. Dankwerts, J.E. & Stuart-Hill, G.C. (1988). The effect of severe drought and management after drought on the mortality and recovery of semi-arid grassveld. Journal of the Grasslands Society of South Africa, 5: 218-222.
9. Dean, W.R.J. & Macdonald, I.A.W. (1994). Historical changes in stocking rates of domestic stock as a measure of semi-arid and arid rangeland degradation in the Cape Province, South Africa. Journal of Arid Environments, 26: 281-298.
10. Dodd, J.L. (1994). Desertification and degradation in Sub-Saharan Africa: The role of livestock. BioScience, 44: 28-34.
11. Downing, B.H. (1978). Environmental consequences of agricultural expansion in South Africa since 1850. South African Journal of Science, 74: 147-152.
12. DRFN (2001). NAPCOD - An Overview from 1994-2001. Overview. Windhoek, Namibia: Desert Research Foundation of Namibia. 18 pp.
13. du Plessis, W.P., Bredenkamp, G.J. & Trollope, W.S.W. (1998a). Response of herbaceous species to a degradation gradient in the western region of Etosha National Park, Namibia. Koedoe, 41: 9-18.
14. du Plessis, W.P., Bredenkamp, G.J. & Trollope, W.S.W. (1998b). Development of a technique for assessing veld condition in Etosha National Park, Namibia, using key herbaceous species. Koedoe, 41: 19-29.
15. Du Toit, J.T. & Cumming, D.H.M. (1999). Functional significance of ungulate diversity in African savannas and the ecological implications of the spread of pastoralism. Biodiversity and Conservation, 8: 1643-1661.
16. Ellis, J.E. & Swift, D.M. (1988). Stability of African pastoral ecosystems: Alternative paradigms and implications for development. Journal of Rangeland Management, 41: 450-459.
17. Ellison, L. (1960). Influence of grazing on plant succession of rangelands. Botanical Review, 26: 1-78.
18. Giess, W. (1971). A preliminary vegetation map of South West Africa. Dinteria, (Windhoek, Namibia) 4.
19. Jacobson, P.J., Jacobson, K.M. & Seely, M.K. (1995). Ephemeral Rivers and Their Catchments: Sustaining People and Development in Western Namibia. Windhoek, Namibia: Desert Research Foundation of Namibia. 160 pp.
20. Leggett, K.E.A., Fennessy, J. & Schneider, S. (2001). Rainfall, Water Sources and Water Use in the Hoanib River Catchment, Northwest Namibia, Vol. 15, pp. 37-75. DRFN Occasional Paper. 85 pp.
21. Leggett, K.E.A., Fennessy, J. & Schneider, S. (2002a). Does land use matter in an arid environment? A case study from the Hoanib River catchment, Northwestern Namibia. Journal of Arid Environments, in press.
22. Leggett, K.E.A., Fennessy, J. & Schneider, S. (2002b). A study of animal movement in the Hoanib River catchment, Northwestern Namibia. Journal of African Zoology, in review.
23. Loxton, R.F., Hunting & Associates (1974). The Natural Resources of Damaraland. Unpublished report undertaken for the Department of Bantu Administration and Development, Pretoria.
24. Maggs, G.L., Kolberg, H.H. & Hines, C.J.H. (1994). Botanical diversity in Namibia - An overview. Strelitzia, 1: 93-104.
25. Maggs, G.L., Craven, P. & Kolberg, H.H. (1998). Plant species richness, endemism and genetic resources in Namibia. Biodiversity and Conservation, 7: 435-446.
26. Malan, J.S. & Owen-Smith, G.L. (1974). The ethnobotany of Kaokoland. Cimbebasia, 2: 131-178.
27. McAuliffe, J.R. (1990). A rapid survey method for estimation of density and cover in desert plant communities. Journal of Vegetation Science, 1: 653-656.
28. Ministry of Agriculture, Water & Rural Development (MAWRD) (1997). Detailed Land Use Plan for the Sesfontein Constituency. Windhoek, Namibia: TRP Associates. 172 pp.
29. Mosi, A.K., Tessema, S. & Temple, R.S. (1976). Livestock nutrition in the dry tropics of Africa. In: Fonnesbeck, P.V., Harris, L.E. & Kearl, L.C. (Eds). Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Feed Composition, Animal Nutrient Requirements and Computerisation of Diets, pp. 392-400. Logan: Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University.
30. Mueller-Dombois, D. & Ellenberg, H. (1974). Aims and Methods of Vegetation Ecology. New York: Wiley. 315 pp.
31. Muller, M.A.N. (1984). Grasses of South West Africa/Namibia. Windhoek, Namibia: John Meinert Publishers. 278 pp.
32. Mwalyosi, R.B.B. (1992). Influence of livestock grazing on range condition in south-west Masailand, Northern Tanzania. Journal of Applied Ecology, 29: 581-588.
33. Nærua, T., Devereux S., Frayne, B. & Harnett, P. (1993). Coping with Drought in Namibia: Informal Social Security Systems in Caprivi and Erongo, 1992. NISER Research Report. Windhoek, Namibia: 12 Multidisciplinary Research Centre, University of Namibia. 119 pp.
34. Perkins, J.J. & Thomas, D.S.G. (1993). Spreading deserts or spatially confined environmental impacts? Land degradation and cattle ranching in the Kalahari desert of Botswana. Land Degradation and Rehabilitation, 4: 179-194.
35. Pratt, D.J. & Gwynne, M.D. (Eds) (1977). Rangeland Management and Ecology in East Africa. London: Hodder and Stoughton. 310 pp.
36. Ringrose, S., Vanderpost, C. & Matheson, W. (1997). The use of image processors and GIS techniques to determine the extent and possible causes of land management/fencing induced degradation problems in the Okavango area, Northern Botswana. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 18: 2337-2364.
37. Sandford, S. (1983). Management of Pastoral Development in the Third World. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. 316 pp.
38. Schwartz, C.C. & Ellis, J.E. (1981). Feeding ecology and niche separation in some native and domestic ungulates on the shortgrass prairie. Journal of Applied Ecology, 18: 343-353.
39. Skarpe, C. (1986). Plant community structure in relation to grazing and environmental changes along a north-south transect in the western Kalahari. Vegetatio, 68: 3-18.
40. Sullivan, S. (1996). Towards a non-equilibrium ecology: Perspectives from an arid land. Journal of Biogeography, 23: 1-5.
41. Sullivan, S. (1998). People, Plants and Practice in Drylands: Socio-political and Ecological Dimensions of Resource Use by Damaraland Farmers in North-west Namibia Ph.D. thesis, University College, London. 448 pp.
42. Sullivan, S. (1999). The impacts of people and livestock on topographically diverse open wood-and shrub-lands in arid north-west Namibia. Global Ecology and Biography Letters, Special Issue on Degradation in Open Woodlands, 8: 257-277.
43. Trollope, W.S.W. (1990). Development of a technique for assessing veld condition in Kruger National Park using key grass species. Journal of the Grassland Society of South Africa, 7: 46-51.
44. Van Warmelo, N.J. (1962). Notes on the Kaokoveld (South West Africa and its people). Ethnological Publications, Vol. 26. Pretoria: Department of Bantu Administration.
45. Viljoen, P.J. (1980). Veldtipes, Verspreiding van die groter Soogdiere, en enkele Aspekte van die Ekologie van Kaokoland. M.Sc. thesis, Pretoria, South Africa (unpublished).
46. Viljoen, P.J. (1982). The distribution and population status of the larger mammals in Kaokoland, South West Africa/Namibia. Cimbabesia, 7: 5-33.
47. Werger, M.J.A. (1974). On concepts and techniques applied in the Zürich-Montpellier methods of vegetation survey. Bothalia, 11: 309-323.