The simultaneous voltammetric determination and detection of oxygen and carbon dioxide: A study of the kinetics of the reaction between superoxide and carbon dioxide in non-aqueous media using membrane-free gold disc microelectrodes

Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical

Volumn 88, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 40-52

  Wadhawan, Jay D ^a   Welford, Peter J ^a   McPeak, Hanne B ^b   Hahn, Clive E W ^b   Compton, Richard G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Amperometric sensor; Aprotic solvents; Carbon dioxide; Microelectrodes; Oxygen

Indexed keywords

AMPEROMETRIC SENSORS; CARBON DIOXIDE; ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS; MICROELECTRODES; REACTION KINETICS; SOLVENTS;

APROTIC SOLVENTS;

OXYGEN SENSORS;

EID: 0037211016     PISSN: 09254005     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0925-4005(02)00307-6     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Hahn C.E.W. Blood gas measurement. Clin. Phys. Physiol. Meas. 8:1987;3-38.
2. Hahn C.E.W. Electrochemical analysis of clinical blood gases and vapours. Analyst. 123:1988;57R-86R. and references cited therein.
3. Clark L.C. Monitoring and control of blood and tissue oxygen. Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs. 2:1956;41-48.
4. Stow R.W., Baer R.F., Randall B. Rapid measurement of the tension of carbon dioxide in blood. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 38:1957;646-650.
5. Gertz K.H., Loeschcke H.H. Electrode for carbon dioxide pressure determination. Naturwissenshaften. 45:1958;160-161.
6. CO(2) determination J. Appl. Physiol. 13:1958;515-520.
7. Albery W.J., Barron P. A membrane electrode for the determination of carbon dioxide and oxygen. J. Electroanal. Chem. 138:1982;79-87.
8. Albery W.J., Clark D., Drummond H.J.J., Coombs A.J.M., Young W.K., Hahn C.E.W. Pulsed titration sensors. Part 1. A breath-by-breath carbon dioxide sensor. J. Electroanal. Chem. 340:1992;99-110.
9. 2 reduction at unshielded gold microdisc electrodes. J. Electroanal. Chem. 393:1995;61-68.
10. 2 reduction at membrane-covered gold microdisc electrodes. J. Electroanal. Chem. 393:1995;69-74.
11. 2O reduction at unshielded gold microdisc electrodes. J. Electroanal. Chem. 487:2000;25-30.
12. F.R. Keene, in: B.P. Sullivan (Ed.), Electrochemical and Electrocatalytic Reactions of Carbon Dioxide, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993, p. 3 and references cited therein.
13. 2- species J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106:1984;4667-4670.
14. Wadhawan J.D., Welford P.J., Maisonhaute E., Climent V., Lawrence N.S., Compton R.G., McPeak H.B., Hahn C.E.W. Microelectrode studies of the reaction between superoxide and carbon dioxide in dimethylsulphoxide. J. Phys. Chem. B. 105:2001;10659-10668.
15. Qian F., Lu J., Zhou Z., Cha C. Combined amperometric sensors for simultaneous measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Sens. Actuators B. 17:1993;77-83.
16. 2. Chin. Sci. Bull. 42:1997;1175-1180.
17. 2 simultaneously using modulated potential-pulse amperometry/coulometry. Sens. Actuators B. 52:1998;219-225.
18. 2. Sens. Actuators B. 65:2000;35-38.
19. P.J. Welford, J.D. Wadhawan, C.E.W. Hahn, R.G. Compton, Measuring gas concentration, UK Patent Application No. 0123552.2 (October 2001).
20. Welford P.J., Brookes B.A., Wadhawan J.D., McPeak H.B., Hahn C.E.W., Compton R.G. The electro-reduction of carbon dioxide in dimethylsulphoxide at gold microdisc electrodes: current/voltage waveshape analysis. J. Phys. Chem. B. 105:2001;5253-5261.
21. D. Martin, H.G. Hanthanl (Eds.), Dimethylsulphoxide, Akademie Verlag, Berlin, 1971, and references cited therein.
22. Koppenol M., Cooper J.B., Bond A.M. Tools and procedures for semi-automatic production of robust microdisc electrodes. Am. Lab. 26:1994;25-29.
23. Cardwell T.J., Mocak J., Santos J.H., Bond A.M. Preparation of microelectrodes: comparison of polishing procedure via statistical analysis of voltammetric data. Analyst. 121:1996;357-362.
24. Sharp M. Determination of the charge-transfer kinetics of ferrocene at platinum and vitreous carbon electrodes by potential steps chronocoulometry. Electrochim. Acta. 28:1983;301-308.
25. Roberts J.L. Jr., Sawyer D.T. Voltammetric determination of carbon dioxide using dimethylsulphoxide as a solvent. J. Electroanal. Chem. 9:1965;1-7.
26. Haynes L.V., Sawyer D.T. Electrochemistry of carbon dioxide in dimethylsulphoxide at gold and mercury electrodes. Anal. Chem. 39:1967;332-338.
27. Amatore C.A., Savéant J.-M. Mechanism and kinetic characteristics of the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide in media of low proton availability. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103:1981;5021-5023.
28. Eggins B.R., McNeill J. Voltammetry of carbon dioxide. Part 1. A general survey of voltammetry at different electrode materials in different solvents. J. Electroanal. Chem. 148:1983;17-24.
29. Vassiliev Y.B., Bagotzky V.S., Khazova O.A., Mayorova N.A. Electroreduction of carbon dioxide. Part 2. The mechanism of reduction in aprotic solvents. J. Electroanal. Chem. 189:1985;295-309.
30. 2 gas sensing at microelectrodes in non-aqueous solvents. Electroanalysis. 12:2000;105-110.
31. K.W. Frese Jr., in: B.P. Sullivan (Ed.), Electrochemical and Electrocatalytic Reactions of Carbon Dioxide, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993, p. 167 f.f.
32. Roberts J.L. Jr., Sawyer D.T. Electrochemistry of oxygen and superoxide ion in dimethylsulphoxide at platinum mercury and gold electrodes. J. Electroanal. Chem. 12:1966;90-101.
33. Sawyer D.T., Chiericato G. Jr., Angelis C.T., Nanni E.J. Jr., Tsuchiya T. Effects of media and electrode materials on the electroreduction of dioxygen. Anal. Chem. 54:1982;1720-1724.
34. Vasudevan D., Wendt H. Electroreduction of oxygen in aprotic media. J. Electroanal. Chem. 392:1995;69-74.
35. Lund W., Peover M.E. Electrosorption of molecular oxygen from aprotic solvents on noble metal-mercury alloys. J. Electroanal. Chem. 25:1970;19-25.
36. R. Dietz, A.E.J. Forno, B.E. Larcombe, M.E. Peover, Nucleophilic reactions of electrogenerated superoxide ion, J. Chem. Soc. B (1970) 816-820.
37. Alden J.A., Compton R.G. A general method for electrochemical simulations. 2. Application to the simulation of steady-state currents at microdisc electrodes: homogeneous and heterogeneous kinetics. J. Phys. Chem. B. 101:1997;9606-9616.
38. Shao Y., Mirkin M.V., Fish G., Kokotov S., Palanker D., Lewis A. Nanometre-sized electrochemical sensors. Anal. Chem. 69:1997;1627-1634.
39. 2 in some dipolar aprotic solvents. J. Electroanal. Chem. 289:1990;203-215.
40. Tomita Y., Teruya S., Koga O., Hori Y. Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide at platinum electrode in acetonitrile-water mixtures. J. Electrochem. Soc. 147:2000;4164-4167.
41. Fujinaga T., Izutsu K., Adachi T. Polarographic studies of dissolved oxygen in dimethylsulphoxide-water mixtures. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 42:1969;140-145.