A modular approach to facial feature segmentation on real sequences

Signal Processing: Image Communication

Volumn 18, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 67-89

  Votsis, George N ^a   Drosopoulos, Athanasios I ^a   Kollias, Stefanos D ^a  

^a NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS   (Greece)

Author keywords

Active contours; Dominant angle; Facial feature extraction; Feature labeling; Optimal segmentation; Seed growing

Indexed keywords

ANIMATION; FACE RECOGNITION; FEATURE EXTRACTION; FUZZY SETS; OPTIMIZATION;

FEATURE LABELING;

IMAGE SEGMENTATION;

EID: 0037210866     PISSN: 09235965     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0923-5965(02)00103-0     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Ahlberg J., Li H. Representing and compressing facial animation parameters using facial action basis functions. IEEE Trans. Circuits Systems Video Technol. 93(3):April 1999;405-411.
2. Y. Avrithis, N. Tsapatsoulis, S. Kollias, Broadcast news parsing using visual cues: a robust face detection approach, in: IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, New York City, NY, USA, July 2000.
3. M. Black, Y. Yacoob, A. Jepson, D. Fleet, Learning parameterized models of image motion, in: Proceedings of the IEEE CVPR, 1997, pp. 561-567.
4. Bouman C., Shapiro M. A multiscale random field model for Bayesian image segmentation. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 3(2):March 1994;162-177.
5. Brunelli R., Poggio T. Face Recognition. Features versus Templates IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell. 15(10):October 1993;1042-1052.
6. Chellappa R., Wilson C.L., Sirohey S. Human and machine recognition of faces. a survey Proc. IEEE. 83(5):May 1995;705-740.
7. Cohen L.D. On Active Contour Models and Baloons. Proc. CVGIP: Image Understanding. 53(2):March 1991;211-218.
8. Cowie R., Douglas-Cowie E., Tsapatsoulis N., Votsis G., Kollias S., Fellenz W., Taylor J.G. Emotion recognition in human computer interaction. IEEE Signal Process. Mag. 18(1):January 2001;32-80.
9. T.J. Darrell, A.P. Pentland, Recognition of space-time gestures using distributed representation, Technical Report No. 197, M.I.T. Media Laboratory, Vision and Modeling Group, 1993.
10. DelBimbo A., Pala P. Visual image retrieval by elastic matching of user scetches. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell. 19(2):February 1997;121-132.
11. Delignon Y., Marzouki A., Pieczynski W. Estimation of generalized mixtures and its application in image segmentation. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 6(10):1997;1364-1376.
12. Deng Y., Manjunath B.S. Unsupervised segmentation of color-texture regions in images and video. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell. 23(8):August 2001;800-810.
13. Doulamis A.D., Doulamis N.D., Kollias S.D. On-line retrainable neural networks. improving the performance of neural networks in image analysis problems IEEE Trans. Neural Networks. 11(1):January 2000;137-155.
14. EC IST Project "ERMIS", www.image.ntua.gr/ermis.
15. EC Training and Mobility Research (TMR) Project "PHYSTA", www.image.ntua.gr/physta .
16. P. Eisert, B. Girod, Model-based estimation of facial expression parameters from image sequences, in: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Washington, DC, 1997.
17. Essa I.A., Pentland A.P. Coding, analysis, interpretation and recognition of facial expressions. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell. 19(7):July 1997;757-763.
18. Geman S., Geman D. Stochastic relaxation, Gibbs distributions, and the Bayesian restoration of images. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell. PAMI-6:1984;721-741.
19. Harmon L.D., Khan M.K., Lasch R., Ramig P.F. Machine identification of human faces. Pattern Recognition. 13(2):1981;97-110.
20. Jain A.K., Zhong Y., Lakshmanan S. Object matching using deformable templates. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell. 18(3):March 1996;267-278.
21. Jia X., Nixon M.S. Extending the feature vector for automatic face recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell. 17(12):December 1995;1167-1176.
22. T. Kanade, Picture processing by computer complex and recognition of human faces, Technical Report, Department of Information Science, Kyoto University, 1973.
23. Karpouzis K., Votsis G., Tsapatsoulis N., Kollias S. Compact 3D model generation based on 2D views of human faces. application to face recognition Machine Graphics Vision. 7(1-2):1998;75-85.
24. Kass M., Witkin A., Terzopoulos D. Snakes. active contour models Int. J. Comput. Vision. 1(4):1988;321-331.
25. Langan D.A., Modestino J.W., Zhang J. Cluster validation for unsupervised stochastic model-based image segmentation. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 7(2):1997;180-244.
26. B.K. Low, M.K. Ibrahim, A fast and accurate algorithm for facial feature segmentation, in: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 1997.
27. Luenberger D.J. Liner and Nonlinear Programming. 1984;Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
28. W.Y. Ma, B.S. Manjunath, Edge flow: a framework of boundary detection and image segmentation, in: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 1997, pp. 744-749.
29. Y. Matsumoto, A. Zelinsky, Real-time stereo face tracking system for visual human interfaces, in: Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Real-Time Analysis and Tracking of Face and Gesture in Real-Time Systems, Kerkyra, Greece, September 1999.
30. T. McInerney, D. Terzopoulos, Topologically adaptable snakes, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision, Cambridge, MA, 1995, pp. 840-845.
31. McKenna S.J., Gong S., Würtz R.P., Tanner J., Banin D. Tracking facial feature points with gabor wavelets and shape models. Borgefors G., Chollet G., Biguen J. International Conference on Audio- and Video-based Biometric Person Authentication, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 1997;Springer, Berlin.
32. D. Metaxas, Deformable model and HMM-based tracking, analysis and recognition of gestures and faces, in: Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Real-Time Analysis and Tracking of Face and Gesture in Real-Time Systems, Kerkyra, Greece, September 1999.
33. A. Nikolaidis, I. Pitas, Facial feature extracion and pose determination, in: Proceedings of the NOBLESSE Workshop on Nonlinear Model Based Image Analysis, Glasgow, Scotland, 1998.
34. Panjwani D.K., Healey G. Markov random field models for unsupervised segmentation of textured color images. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell. 17(10):October 1995;939-954.
35. A. Papoulis, Probability, Random Variables, and Stochastic Processes, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, Singapore, 1991, Chapter 5, pp. 86-123.
36. A. Pentland, B. Moghaddam, T. Starner, View-based and modular eigenspaces for face recognition, in: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Seattle, WA, 1994.
37. Pötzsch M., Krüger N., von der Malsburg C. Improving object recognition by transforming gabor filter responses. Network: Comput. Neural Systems. 7(2):May 1996;341-347.
38. P. Radeva, E. Marti, Facial features segmentation by model-based snakes, in: International Conference on Computer Analysis and Image Processing, Prague, 1995.
39. A. Raouzaiou, N. Tsapatsoulis, K. Karpouzis, S. Kollias, Parameterized facial expression synthesis based on MPEG-4, Eurasip J. Appl. Signal Proccess., Vol. 2002, No. 10, October 2002.
40. Samal A., Iyengar P.A. Automatic recognition and analysis of human faces and facial expressions. a survey Pattern Recognition. 25(1):1992;65-76.
41. Sclaroff S., Liu L. Deformable shape detection and description via model-based region grouping. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell. 23(5):May 2001;475-489.
42. A.W. Senior, Recognizing faces in broadcast video, in: Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Real-Time Analysis and Tracking of Face and Gesture in Real-Time Systems, Kerkyra, Greece, September 1999.
43. Shafarenko L., Petrou M., Kittler J. Automatic watershed-segmentation of randomly textured color images. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 6(11):1997;1530-1544.
44. Shi J., Malik J. Normalized cuts and image segmentation. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell. 22(8):2000;888-905.
45. Sobottka K., Pitas I. A novel method for automatic face segmentation, facial feature extraction and tracking. Signal Processing: Image Communication. 12:1998;263-281.
46. Staib L.H., Duncan J.S. Boundary finding with parametrically deformable models. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell. 14(11):November 1992;1061-1075.
47. Y. Tian, T. Kanade, J.F. Cohn, Multi-state based facial feature tracking and detection, Technical Report CMU-RI-TR-99-18, Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, August 1999.
48. Tsapatsoulis N., Avrithis Y., Kollias S. Facial image indexing in multimedia databases. Pattern Anal. Appl. 4(2/3):2001;93-107.
49. Tsapatsoulis N., Raouzaiou A., Kollias S., Cowie R., Douglas-Cowie E. Emotion recognition and synthesis based on MPEG-4 FAPs. Pandzic I., Forchheimer R. MPEG-4 Facial Animation. 2002;Wiley, UK.
50. G. Tsechpenakis, Y. Xirouhakis, A. Delopoulos, A multiresolution approach for main mobile object localization in video sequences, in: International Workshop on Very Low Bitrate Video Coding (VLBV01), Athens, October 2001.
51. S. Tsekeridou, I. Pitas, Facial feature extraction in frontal views using biometric analogies, in: Proceedings of the IX European Signal Processing Conference, Rhodes, Greece, Vol. 1, 1998, pp. 315-318.
52. Wang J.P. Stochastic relaxation on partitions with connected components and its application to image segmentation. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell. 20(6):1998;619-636.
53. K.C. Yow, R. Cipolla, A probabilistic framework for perceptual grouping of features for human face detection, in: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Vermont, USA, 1996.
54. Yuille A.L., Cohen D.S., Hallinan P.W. Feature extraction from faces using deformable templates. Int. J. Comput. Vision. 8(2):August 1992;99-111.
55. Zhu S.C., Yuille A. Region competition. unifying snakes, region growing, and Bayes/MDL for multiband image segmentation IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell. 18(9):September 1996;884-900.