The influence of thermal, hydrologic, and snow deformation mechanisms on snow water equivalent pressure sensor accuracy

Hydrological Processes

Volumn 16, Issue 18, 2002, Pages 3529-3542

  Johnson, Jerome B ^a   Schaefer, Garry L ^b  

^a Engineering Research and Development Center   (United States)

^b U S DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE   (United States)

Author keywords

Snow hydrology; Snow pressure sensor accuracy; Snow water equivalent measurements; Snow soil interface thermal processes

Indexed keywords

DEFORMATION; ERROR DETECTION; HEAT FLUX; MOISTURE; SENSORS; SNOW; SOILS; THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY; THERMOANALYSIS;

PRESSURE SENSOR MEASUREMENT ERRORS; SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT (SWE);

HYDROLOGY;

CONFERENCE PROCEEDING; ERROR ANALYSIS; MEASUREMENT METHOD; MELTING; PRESSURE; SENSOR; SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT; TEMPERATURE EFFECT;

EID: 0037203255     PISSN: 08856087     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/hyp.1236     Document Type: Article

References (15)

1. Askegaard V. 1963. Measurement of pressure in solids by means of pressure cells. In Laboratoriet for Bygningsteknik Danmarks Tekniske Højskole Meddelels, Nr. 17 (Structural Research Laboratory Technical University of Denmark Bulletin, No. 17).
2. Beaumont RT. 1965. Mt. Hood pressure snow gage. Journal of Applied Meteorology 4: 626-631.
3. Blöschl G. 1999. Scaling issues in snow hydrology. Hydrological Processes 13: 2149-2175.
4. CDWR. 1976. Snow sensor evaluation in the Sierra Nevada California. California Department of Water Resources. Division of Planning. Sacramento.
5. Chen ACT. 1981. Ice pressure sensor inclusion factors. Journal of Energy Resources Technology 103: 82-86.
6. Engeset RV, Sorteberg HK, Udnaes HC. 2000. Snow pillows: use and verification. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Snow Engineering, Hjorth-Hansen E, Holand I. Løset S. Norem H (eds). A.A. Balkema: Trondheim, Norway: 45-51.
7. Goodison BE, Ferguson HL, McKay GA. 1981. Measurement and data analysis. In The Handbook of Snow: Principles, Processes, Management & Use, Gray DM. Male DH (eds). Pergamon Press: Toronto; 191-274.
8. Johnson JB. 1999. Interim report on the 1997-98 and 1998-99 field test performance of the CRREL electronic snow pressure sensor and proposal for sensor redesign. US Army ERDC-CRREL contract report to the Natural Resources Conservation Service.
9. Male DH, Gray DM. 1981. Snowcover ablation and runoff. In The Handbook of Snow: Principles, Processes, Management & Use, Gray DM. Male DH (eds). Pergamon Press: Toronto; 360-436.
10. Metge M. Strilchuk A. Trofimenkoff P. 1975. On recording stresses in ice. In Proceedings of the International Association of Hydraulic Research Third International Symposium on Ice Problems; 459-468.
11. Morrison RG, 1976. Nuclear techniques applied to hydrology. In Proceedings of the 44th Annual Meeting of the Western Snow Conference; 1-6.
12. Palmer PL. 1986. Estimating snow course water equivalent from SNOTEL pillow telemetry: an analysis of accuracy. In Proceedings of the 54th Western Snow Conference: 81-86.
13. Smith FW, Boyne HS. 1981. Snow pillow behavior under controlled laboratory conditions. In Proceedings of the 49th Western Snow Conference; 13-22.
14. Taylor DW. 1945. Review of pressure distribution theories earth pressure cell investigations and pressure distribution data. Contract No. W22-053 eng-185, US Engineer Corps.
15. Templeton JSI. 1978. Pressure sensing apparatus U.S. Patent No. 4 175 445. Exxon Production Research Company.