Observations on the ecology of the arrhythmic equatorial gecko Cnemaspis kendallii in Singapore (Sauria: Gekkoninae)

Raffles Bulletin of Zoology

Volumn 50, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 185-196

  Werner, Yehudah L ^a   Chou, L M ^b  

^a HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

^b NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE   (Singapore)

Author keywords

Cnemaspis kendallii; Diel cycle; Eye size; Foraging mode; Gecko; Pupil shape; Reproduction; South east Asia; Tail length; Tail regeneration

Indexed keywords

GEKKO; GEKKONIDAE; GEKKONINAE; SAURIA; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 0037199257     PISSN: 02172445     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Arnold, E. N., 1984. Evolutionary aspects of tail shedding in lizards and their relatives. Journal of Natural History, 18: 127-169.
2. Bauer, A. M. & A. P. Russell, 1994. Is autotomy frequency reduced in geckos with "actively functional" tails? Herpetological Natural History, 2: 1-15.
3. Blair, W. F., 1960. The Rusty Lizard, a Population Study. University of Texas Press, Austin. XIV+185 pp.
4. Boulenger, G. A., 1885. Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). 1, Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London. XII+497 pp.
5. Boulenger, G. A., 1912. A Vertebrate Fauna of the Malay Peninsula. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor and Francis, London. 294 pp.
6. Bullock, J. A., 1966. Observations on the fauna of Pulau Tioman and Pulau Tulai: 7. The food of the amphibians and reptiles. Bulletin of the National Museum (Singapore), 34: 85-96.
7. Bustard, H. R., 1967. Activity cycle and thermoregulation in the Australian gecko Diplodactylus vittatus. Copeia, 1968: 606-612.
8. Bustard, H. R., 1968. Temperature dependent activity in the Australian gecko Gehyra variegata. Copeia, 1967: 753-758.
9. Bustard, H. R., 1970. Activity cycle of the tropical house gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus. Copeia, 1970: 173-176.
10. Chou, L. M., 1978. Some bionomic data on the house geckos of Singapore. Malayan Nature Journal, 31: 231-235.
11. Chou, L. M., 1979. Eggs and incubation period of three gekkonid lizards. Copeia, 1979: 552-554.
12. Chou, L. M. & C. F. Leong, 1984. Activity cycles of the house geckos, Cosymbotus platyurus and Hemidactylus frenatus. Malayan Nature Journal, 36: 247-252.
13. Cogger, H. G., 1992. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia. 5th edition. Reed, Chatswood, NSW. 775 pp.
14. Cooper, W. E., Jr., 1995. Foraging mode, prey chemical discrimination, and phylogeny in lizards. Animal Behavior, 50: 973-985.
15. Cooper, W. E., Jr., M. J. Whiting, J. H. Van Wyk & P. le F.N. Mouton, 1999. Movement and attack-based indices of foraging mode and ambush foraging in some gekkonid and agamine lizards from southern Africa. Amphibia-Reptilia, 20: 391-399.
16. Corlett, R. T., 1997 The vegetation in the nature reserves of Singapore. Gardens' Bulletin (Singapore), 49: 147-159.
17. Cox, M. J., P. P. van Dijk, J. Nabhitabhata & K. Thirakhupt, 1998. A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. New Holland Publishers, London. 144 pp.
18. Das, I. & A. M. Bauer, 1998. Systematics and biogeography of Bornean geckos of the genus Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Sauria: Gekkonidae), with the description of a new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 46: 11-28.
19. Das, I. & A. M. Bauer, 2000. Two new species of Cnemaspis (Sauria: Gekkonidae) from Tamil Nadu, Southern India. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 7: 17-28.
20. De Rooij, N., 1915. The Reptiles of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. I. Lacertilia, Chelonia, Emydosauria. E.J. Brill, Leiden. XIV+384 pp.
21. Fitch, H. S., 1970. Reproductive cycles of lizards and snakes. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Miscellaneous Publications, 52: 1-247.
22. Fitch, H. S., 1981. Sexual size differences in reptiles. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Miscellaneous Publications, 70: 1-72.
23. Foo, S. L. & T. C. Kwok (eds.), 1999. Singapore 1999. Ministry of Information and the Arts, Singapore. 363 pp.
24. Frankenberg, E., 1978. Interspecific and seasonal variation of daily activity times in gekkonid lizards (Reptilia, Lacertilia). Journal of Herpetology, 12: 505-519.
25. Gray, J. E., 1845. Catalogue of the Specimens of Lizards in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees of the British Museum, London. XXVII+289 pp.
26. Huey, R. B. & E. R. Pianka, 1981. Ecological consequences of foraging mode. Ecology, 62: 991-999.
27. Kitchener, D. J., R. A. How & J. Dell, 1988. Biology of Oedura reticulata and Gehyra variegata (Gekkonidae) in an isolated woodland of Western Australia. Journal of Herpetology, 22: 401-412.
28. Leviton, A. E., R. H. Gibbs, Jr., E. Heal & C. E. Dawson, 1985. Standards in herpetology and ichthyology: Part I. Standard symbolic codes for institutional resource collections in herpetology and ichthyology. Copeia, 1885: 802-832.
29. Lim, K. K. P. & F. L. K. Lim, 1992. A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Singapore Science Center, Singapore. 160 pp.
30. Lucas, P., 1996. Why the monkeys must not be fed. In: Lum, S. & I. Sharp (eds.), A View from the Summit - The Story of Bukit Timah Nature Reserve. Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and National University of Singapore, Singapore, pp. 69-71.
31. Manthy, U. & W. Grossmann, 1997. Amphibien & Reptilien Suedostasiens. Natur and Tier Verlag, Muenster. 512 pp.
32. McCann, C., 1955. The lizards of New Zealand. Gekkonidae and Scincidae. Dominion Museum Journal, Wellington, 17: i-viii, 1-127.
33. Murthy, T. S. N., 1990. A Field Book of the Lizards of India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper No. 115. VII+116 pp., 8 pls.
34. Paulissen, M. A. & H. A. Meyer, 2000. The effect of toe-clipping on the gecko Hemidactylus turcicus. Journal of Herpetology, 34: 282-285.
35. Perry, G., I. Lampl, A. Lerner, D. Rothenstein, E. Shani, N. Sivan & Y. L. Werner, 1990. Foraging mode in lacertid lizards: variation and correlates. Amphibia-Reptilia, 11: 373-384; 13: 96.
36. Pianka, E. R., 1970. Comparative autecology of the lizard Cnemidophorus tigris in different parts of its geographic range. Ecology, 51: 703-720.
37. Pianka, E. R. & R. B. Huey, 1978. Comparative ecology, resource utilization and niche segregation among gekkonid lizards in the southern Kalahari. Copeia, 1978: 691-701.
38. Pianka, E. R. & H. D. Pianka, 1976. Comparative ecology of species of nocturnal lizards (Gekkonidae) in the Australian desert. Copeia, 1976: 125-142.
39. Quesnel, V. C., 1957. The life history of the streak lizard, Gonatodes vittatus. Journal of the Trinidad Field Naturalists' Club, 1957: 5-14.
40. Roesler, H., 1995. Geckos der Welt, alle Gattungen. Urania, Leipzig. 256 pp.
41. Roesler, H., 1998. Bemerkungen zur Fortpflanzungsbiologie von Geckonen - Aufzeichnungen aus den Jahren 1993 bis 1996 (Sauria: Gekkota). Gekkota (Quedlinburg), 1: 64-175.
42. Rose, B., 1981. Factors affecting activity in Sceloporus virgatus. Ecology, 62: 706-716.
43. Seligmann, H., A. Belles & Y. L. Werner, 1996. Tail loss frequencies of lizards and predator specialization. In: Steinberger, Y. (ed.), Preservation of our World in the Wake of Change, vol.6 A/B, ISEEQS Publ., Jerusalem, pp. 520-522.
44. Stanner, M., Kumthorn Thirakhupt, N. Werner & Y. L. Werner, 1998. Observations and comments on the tokay in Thailand and China as predator and as prey (Reptilia: Sauria: Gekkonidae: Gekko gecko). Dactylus, 3: 69-84.
45. Strauch, A., 1887. Bemerkungen ueber die Gekkonidan-Sammlung im Zoologischen Museum der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St. Petersburg. Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences Impériales de Saint-Petersbourg, 7: I-II, 1-72.
46. Teo, R. C. H. & S. Rajathurai, 1997. Mammals, reptiles and amphibians in the nature reserves of Singapore - diversity, abundance and distribution. Proceedings of the Nature Reserves Survey Seminar, Gardens' Bulletin (Singapore), 49: 353-425.
47. Tikader, B. K. & R. C. Sharma, 1992. Handbook of Indian Lizards. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta. X11+250 pp., 42 pls.
48. Tinkle, D. W. & R. E. Ballinger, 1972. Sceloporus undulatus: A study of the intraspecific comparative demography of a lizard. Ecology, 53: 570-584.
49. Turner, F. B., 1977. The dynamics of populations of squamates, crocodilians and rhynchocephalians. In: Gans, C. & D. W. Tinkle (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia vol. 7, Academic Press, London, pp. 157-264.
50. Walls, G. L., 1942. The vertebrate eye and its adaptive radiation. Bulletin of the Cranbrook Institute of Science, 19: 1-785.
51. Werner, Y. L., 1968. Regeneration frequencies in geckos of two ecological types (Reptilia: Gekkonidae). Vie et Milieu, 19C: 199-221.
52. Werner, Y. L., 1969. Eye size in geckos of various ecological types (Reptilia: Gekkonidae and Sphaerodactylidae). Israel Journal of Zoology, 18: 291-316.
53. Werner, Y. L., 1971. Some suggestions on the standard expression of measurements. Systematic Zoology, 20: 249-252.
54. Werner, Y. L., 1977. Ecological comments on some gekkonid lizards of Namib desert, south west Africa. Madoqua, 10: 157-168.
55. Werner, Y. L., 1986. Ecology of eggs and laying sites of Ptyodactylus geckos. In: Rocek, Z. (ed.): Studies in Herpetology. Charles University, Prague, pp. 441-444.
56. Werner, Y. L., 1989. Egg size and egg shape in Near-Eastern gekkonid lizards. Israel Journal Zoology, 35: 199-213.
57. Werner, Y. L., 1995. A Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Israel. Nature Reserves Authority, Jerusalem (in Hebrew with English captions for figures). 86 pp.
58. Werner, Y. L., 1998. Preliminary observations on foraging mode in a community of house geckos on Tahiti and a comment on competition. Tropical Ecology, 39: 89-96.
59. Werner, Y. L. & A. Bouskila, 1995. Foraging at night: do geckos sit and wait? Abstracts 2nd Asian Herpetological Meeting, Ashgabat 6-10 Sep. 1995, p. 59.
60. Werner, Y. L. & M. Broza, 1969. Hypothetical function of elevated locomotory postures in geckos (Reptilia: Gekkonidae). Israel Journal Zoology, 18: 349-355.
61. Werner, Y. L., S. Okada, H. Ota, G. Perry & S. Tokunaga, 1997a. Varied and fluctuating foraging modes in nocturnal lizards of the family Gekkonidae. Asiatic Herpetological Research, 7: 153-165.
62. Werner, Y. L., A. Bouskila, S. J. J. F. Davies & N. Werner, 1997b. Observations and comments on active foraging in geckos. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 4: 34-39.