Is the oxidative modification hypothesis relevant to human atherosclerosis? Do the antioxidant trials conducted to date refute the hypothesis?

Circulation

Volumn 105, Issue 17, 2002, Pages 2107-2111

  Steinberg, Daniel ^a,b   Witztum, Joseph L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Antioxidants; Atherosclerosis; Coronary disease; Lipoproteins; Trials

Indexed keywords

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; ANTIOXIDANT; ASCORBIC ACID; BETA CAROTENE; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN;

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; HUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TREATMENT INDICATION; VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION;

ANIMALS; ANTIOXIDANTS; ARTERIOSCLEROSIS; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; CLINICAL TRIALS; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; HUMANS; LIPOPROTEINS, LDL; MODELS, CARDIOVASCULAR; OXIDATION-REDUCTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SPECIES SPECIFICITY;

EID: 0037197722     PISSN: 00097322     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000014762.06201.06     Document Type: Review

References (53)

1. Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease
2. Lack of effect of long-term supplementation with beta carotene on the incidence of malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular disease
3. The effect of vitamin E and beta-carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers
4. Vitamin E supplementation and cardiovascular events in high-risk patients: The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators
5. Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: Results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial
6. Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease
7. Secondary Prevention with Antioxidants of Cardiovascular disease in Endstage renal disease (SPACE): Randomised placebo-controlled trial
8. Randomised controlled trial of vitamin E in patients with coronary disease: Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study (CHAOS)
9. The Kuopio Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (KAPS): Effect of pravastatin treatment on lipids, oxidation resistance of lipoproteins, and atherosclerotic progression
10. Intake of antioxidants among American cardiologists
11. Antioxidant vitamins and coronary heart disease
12. The oxidative modification hypothesis of atherosclerosis: Does it hold for humans?
13. Oxidant stress as a marker for cardiovascular events: Ox marks the spot
14. Is the emperor wearing clothes? Clinical trials of vitamin E and the LDL oxidation hypothesis
15. The oxidative modification hypothesis of atherogenesis: An overview
16. Is there a potential therapeutic role for vitamin E or other antioxidants in atherosclerosis?
17. Do the antioxidant trials fail to validate the oxidation hypothesis?
18. Dietary and pharmacological antioxidants in atherosclerosis
19. The Yin and Yang of oxidation in the development of the fatty streak: A review based on the 1994 George Lyman Duff Memorial Lecture
20. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) modification: Basic concepts and relationship to atherosclerosis
21. Can antioxidant vitamins materially reduce oxidative damage in humans?
22. Lipoprotein metabolism in the macrophage: Implications for cholesterol deposition in atherosclerosis
23. Binding site on macrophages that mediates uptake and degradation of acetylated low density lipoprotein, producing massive cholesterol deposition
24. Purification and characterization of a bovine acetyl low density lipoprotein receptor
25. Structures and functions of multiligand lipoprotein receptors: Macrophage scavenger receptors and LDL receptor-related protein (LRP)
26. Series introduction: Multiligand receptors and human disease
27. Lipoproteins and atherogenesis: Current concepts
28. Disruption of the 12/15-lipoxygenase gene diminishes atherosclerosis in apo E-deficient mice
29. Mechanisms of oxidative damage by myeloperoxidase in atherosclerosis and other inflammatory disorders
30. The antioxidant vitamins and cardiovascular disease. A critical review of epidemiologic and clinical trial data
31. Antioxidants in the prevention of human atherosclerosis: Summary of the proceedings of a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop: September 5-6, 1991, Bethesda Maryland
32. Vitamin E suppresses isoprostane generation in vivo and reduces atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice
33. Dietary cosupplementation with vitamin E and coenzyme Q(10) inhibits atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E gene knockout mice
34. Dietary antioxidants inhibit development of fatty streak lesions in the LDL receptor-deficient mouse
35. The ambivalence of vitamin E in atherogenesis
36. Effects of vitamin E on lipid peroxidation in healthy persons
37. Increase in circulating products of lipid peroxidation (F2-isoprostanes) in smokers: Smoking as a cause of oxidative damage
38. Effect of dietary antioxidant combinations in humans: Protection of LDL by vitamin E, but not by B-carotene
39. Studies on the ability of dietary supplementation with B-carotene to protect low density lipoprotein from oxidative modification
40. Susceptibility of human LDL to oxidative modification: Effects of variations in beta-carotene concentration and oxygen tension
41. Supplementation with B-carotene in vivo and in vitro does not inhibit low density lipoprotein oxidation
42. The extent of antioxidant protection of plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) is not a predictor of the antiatherogenic effect of antioxidants in LDL receptor deficient rabbits
43. Circulating autoantibodies to oxidized LDL correlate with arterial accumulation and depletion of oxidized LDL in LDL receptor-deficient mice
44. Absence of 12/15-lipoxygenase expression decreases lipid peroxidation and atherogenesis in apolipoprotein e-deficient mice
45. Endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease
46. The effect of probucol on femoral atherosclerosis: The Probucol Quantitative Regression Swedish Trial (PQRST)
47. Oxidation of low density lipoprotein in patients on regular haemodialysis
48. Serum malondialdehyde and prevalent cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis
49. Inhibition of hypercholesterolemia-induced atherosclerosis in Macada Nemestrina by probucol, I: Intimal lesion area correlates inversely with resistance of lipoproteins to oxidation
50. ApoE-deficient mice develop lesions of all phases of atherosclerosis throughout the arterial tree
51. The process of atherogenesis-cellular and molecular interaction: From experimental animal models to humans
52. Immunocytochemical analysis of cellular components in atherosclerotic lesions: Use of monoclonal antibodies with the Watanabe and fat-fed rabbit
53. Physiological consequences of increased vascular oxidant stresses in hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis: Implications for impaired vasomotion