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Azulene
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Zeller, K.-P. Azulene. In Houben-Weyl, Methoden de Organischen Chemie, 4th Ed.; Vol. 5, Part 2C. p 127. Lemal, D. M.; Goldman, G. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 923 and references therein.
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and references therein
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Zeller, K.-P. Azulene. In Houben-Weyl, Methoden de Organischen Chemie, 4th Ed.; Vol. 5, Part 2C. p 127. Lemal, D. M.; Goldman, G. D. J. Chem. Educ. 1988, 65, 923 and references therein.
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Reiter, S. E.; Dunn, L. C.; Houk, K. N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 4199. Copland, D.; Leaver, D.; Menzies, W. B. Tetrahearon Lett. 1977. 639.
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For other [6+4] cycloadditions of fulvenes, see Dunn, L. C.; Chang, Y.-M.; Houk, K. N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976,98,7095. Mukherjee, D.; Dunn, L. C.; Houk, K. N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 101, 251. Dunn, L. C.; Houk, K. N. Tetrahedron Lett. 1978, 3411: and ref 5.
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For other [6+4] cycloadditions of fulvenes, see Dunn, L. C.; Chang, Y.-M.; Houk, K. N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976,98,7095. Mukherjee, D.; Dunn, L. C.; Houk, K. N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 101, 251. Dunn, L. C.; Houk, K. N. Tetrahedron Lett. 1978, 3411: and ref 5.
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and ref. 5
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For other [6+4] cycloadditions of fulvenes, see Dunn, L. C.; Chang, Y.-M.; Houk, K. N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976,98,7095. Mukherjee, D.; Dunn, L. C.; Houk, K. N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 101, 251. Dunn, L. C.; Houk, K. N. Tetrahedron Lett. 1978, 3411: and ref 5.
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0347087774
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To disfavor Diels-Alder addition relative to the desired [6+4] pathway with the help of steric hindrance, we substituted the 1,3-dichloro- and 1,2,3-trichloro-6-(dimethylamino)fulvenes (Hafner, K.; Schmidt, F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1973, 5101) for 8 in the reaction with 7. Azulene yields remained poor, however, probably because of the instability of these fulvenes.
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The EA of the chlorine atom is 3.62 eV, higher even than that of the fluorine atom (3.40 eV). Trainham, R.; Fletcher, G. D.; Larson, D. J. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 1987, 20. L777. Blondel, C.; Cacciani, P.; Delsart, C.; Trainham, R. Phys. Rev. A 1989, 40, 3698.
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0001541367
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The EA of the chlorine atom is 3.62 eV, higher even than that of the fluorine atom (3.40 eV). Trainham, R.; Fletcher, G. D.; Larson, D. J. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 1987, 20. L777. Blondel, C.; Cacciani, P.; Delsart, C.; Trainham, R. Phys. Rev. A 1989, 40, 3698.
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0347087773
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note
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"Spontaneous" aromatization was much slower in hexane than in THF.
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23
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0346457390
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note
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Early efforts to dehydrochlorinate decachloro compound 11 to obtain 3 included pyrolysis. Heating 11 at 250 °C gave a pale yellow mixture, so no azulenes were present. The major products were 1H-heptachloronaphthalene and, in smaller amount, octachloronaphthalene (see the Experimental Section). Because pyrolysis of hexachloroazulene 10 under the same conditions destroyed it without giving any identifiable compound, it is unlikely that azulenes were intermediates in the pyrolysis of 11.
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more..
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26
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0345825316
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note
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Data collection and structure solution were conducted at the X-ray Crystallographic Laboratory, 160 Kolthoff Hall, Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota.
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