Enhanced two-photon excitation through optical fiber by single-mode propagation in a large core

Applied Optics

Volumn 41, Issue 15, 2002, Pages 2930-2934

  Helmchen, Fritjof ^a,b   Tank, David W ^a,c   Denk, Winfried ^a,b  

^a LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES   (United States)

^b MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH   (Germany)

^c PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER SIMULATION; FIBER OPTICS; FLUORESCENCE; SELF PHASE MODULATION; SINGLE MODE FIBERS; WAVE PROPAGATION;

MULTIPHOTON EXCITATION (MPE);

MULTIPHOTON PROCESSES;

EID: 0037140644     PISSN: 1559128X     EISSN: 21553165     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/AO.41.002930     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. W. Denk, J. H. Strickler, and W. W. Webb, “Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy,” Science 248, 73-76 (1990).
2. W. Denk, “Two-photon excitation in functional biological im-aging,” J. Biomed. Opt. 1, 296-304 (1996).
3. R. Wolleschensky, T. Feurer, R. Sauerbrey, and U. Simon, “Characterization and optimization of a laser-scanning microscope in the femtosecond regime,” Appl. Phys. B 67, 87-94 (1998).
4. A. Lago, A. T. Obeidat, A. E. Kaplan, J. B. Khurgin, P. L. Shkolnikov, and M. D. Stern, “Two-photon-induced fluores-cence of biological markers based on optical fibers,” Opt. Lett. 20, 2054-2056 (1995).
5. G. P. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics, 2nd ed. (Academic, San Diego, Calif., 1995).
6. P. M. Delaney and M. R. Harris, “Fiberoptics in confocal mi-croscopy,” in Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy, J. B. Pawley, ed. (Plenum, New York, 1995), pp. 515-523.
7. F. Helmchen, M. S. Fee, D. W. Tank, and W. Denk, “A miniature head-mounted two-photon microscope: high-resolution brain imaging in freely moving animals,” Neuron 31, 903-912 (2001).
8. M. Oberthaler and R. A. Hopfel, “Special narrowing of ultrashort laser pulses by self-phase modulation in optical fibers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 1017-1019 (1993).
9. B. R. Washburn, J. A. Buck, and S. E. Ralph, “Transform-limited spectral compression due to self-phase modulation in fibers,” Opt. Lett. 25, 445-447 (2000).
10. S. Maiti, J. K. Ranka, A. L. Gaeta, and W. W. Webb, “Mul-tiphoton fluorescence spectroscopy through optical fibers,” Bio-phys. J. 72, A217 (1997).
11. M. E. Fermann, “Single-mode excitation of multimode fibers with ultrashort pulses,” Opt. Lett. 23, 52-54 (1998).
12. E. B. Treacy, “Optical pulse compression with diffraction grat-ings,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-5, 454-458 (1969).
13. J. K. Ranka, A. L. Gaeta, A. Baltuska, M. S. Pshenichnikov, and D. A. Wiersma, “Autocorrelation measurement of 6-fs pulses based on the two-photon-induced photocurrent in a GaAsP photodiode,” Opt. Lett. 22, 1344-1346 (1997).
14. M. Kihara, M. Matsumoto, T. Haibara, and S. Tomita, “Char-acteristics of thermally expanded core fiber,” J. Lightwave Technol. 14, 2209-2214 (1996).
15. J. C. Knight, T. A. Birks, R. F. Cregan, P. St. J. Russell, and J.-P. de Sandro, “Large mode area photonic crystal fibre,” Electron. Lett. 34, 1347-1348 (1998).
16. R. F. Cregan, B. J. Mangan, J. C. Knight, T. A. Birks, P. St. J. Russell, P. J. Roberts, and D. C. Allan, “Single-mode photonic band gap guidance of light in air,” Science 285, 1537-1539 (1999).
17. M. T. Myaing, J. Urayama, A. Braun, and T. B. Norris, “Non-linear propagation of negatively chirped pulses: maximizing the peak intensity at the output of a fiber probe,” Opt. Express 7, 210-214 (2000), http://www.opticsexpress.org.
18. C. J. Bardeen, V. V. Yakovlev, J. A. Squier, K. R. Wilson, S. D. Carpenter, and P. M. Weber, “Effect of pulse shape on the efficiency of multiphoton processes: implications for biological microscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 4, 362-367 (1999).