메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 107, Issue 10, 2002, Pages

Tropical monsoons around Africa: Stability of El Niño-Southern Oscillation associations and links with continental climate

Author keywords

African climate; Indian Ocean; Monsoon; Tropical Atlantic

Indexed keywords

AIR-SEA INTERACTION; EL NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; MONSOON; RAINFALL; REGIONAL CLIMATE; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ZONAL WIND;

EID: 0037110397     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2000jc000507     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (79)

References (65)
  • 2
    • 0022208728 scopus 로고
    • The Southern Oscillation over the Indian Ocean
    • Cadet, D. L., The Southern Oscillation over the Indian Ocean, J. Clim., 5, 189-212, 1985.
    • (1985) J. Clim. , vol.5 , pp. 189-212
    • Cadet, D.L.1
  • 4
    • 0033558232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anomalous warming of the Indian Ocean coincident with El Niño
    • Chambers, D. P., B. D. Tapley, and R. H. Stewart, Anomalous warming of the Indian Ocean coincident with El Niño, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 3035-3047, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 3035-3047
    • Chambers, D.P.1    Tapley, B.D.2    Stewart, R.H.3
  • 6
    • 0030433079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sensitivity of African wave disturbances to remote forcing
    • Druyan, L., and T. Hall, The sensitivity of African wave disturbances to remote forcing, J. Appl. Meteoreol., 35, 1100-1110, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Appl. Meteoreol. , vol.35 , pp. 1100-1110
    • Druyan, L.1    Hall, T.2
  • 7
    • 0030440328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of wet and dry years in West Africa
    • Eltahir, E. A. B., and C. Gong, Dynamics of wet and dry years in West Africa, J. Clim., 9, 1030-1042, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Clim. , vol.9 , pp. 1030-1042
    • Eltahir, E.A.B.1    Gong, C.2
  • 8
    • 0001342884 scopus 로고
    • Zonal and seasonal variations of the near-surface heat balance of the equatorial Pacific Ocean
    • Enfield, D. B., Zonal and seasonal variations of the near-surface heat balance of the equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 16, 1038-1054, 1986.
    • (1986) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.16 , pp. 1038-1054
    • Enfield, D.B.1
  • 9
    • 0032756746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dependence of Caribbean rainfall on the interaction of the tropical Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
    • Enfield, D. B., and E. J. Alfaro. The dependence of Caribbean rainfall on the interaction of the tropical Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, J. Clim., 11, 2093-2103, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Clim. , vol.11 , pp. 2093-2103
    • Enfield, D.B.1    Alfaro, E.J.2
  • 10
    • 0030946848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature variability at its relation to El Niño-Southern Oscillation
    • Enfield, D. B., and D. A. Mayer, Tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature variability at its relation to El Niño-Southern Oscillation, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 929-945, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 929-945
    • Enfield, D.B.1    Mayer, D.A.2
  • 11
    • 0033560597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How ubiquitous is the dipole relationship in the tropical Atlantic sea surface temperatures?
    • Enfield, D. B., A. M. Mestas-Nunez, D. A. Mayer, and L. Cid-Serrano, How ubiquitous is the dipole relationship in the tropical Atlantic sea surface temperatures?, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 7841-7848, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 7841-7848
    • Enfield, D.B.1    Mestas-Nunez, A.M.2    Mayer, D.A.3    Cid-Serrano, L.4
  • 12
    • 0032875151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warm pool SST variability in relation to the surface energy balance
    • Fasullo, J., and P. J. Webster, Warm pool SST variability in relation to the surface energy balance, J. Clim., 12, 1292-1305, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Clim. , vol.12 , pp. 1292-1305
    • Fasullo, J.1    Webster, P.J.2
  • 13
    • 0034037729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interannual variability of Caribbean rainfall, ENSO, and the Atlantic Ocean
    • Giannini, A., Y. Kushnir, and M. A. Cane, Interannual variability of Caribbean rainfall, ENSO, and the Atlantic Ocean, J. Clim., 13, 297-311, 2000.
    • (2000) J. Clim. , vol.13 , pp. 297-311
    • Giannini, A.1    Kushnir, Y.2    Cane, M.A.3
  • 14
    • 0019165888 scopus 로고
    • Some simple solutions for heat-induced tropical circulation
    • Gill, A. E., Some simple solutions for heat-induced tropical circulation, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 106, 447-462, 1980.
    • (1980) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.106 , pp. 447-462
    • Gill, A.E.1
  • 15
    • 0033609587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of the Indian Ocean for simulating rainfall anomalies over eastern and southern Africa
    • Goddard, L., and N. L. Graham, Importance of the Indian Ocean for simulating rainfall anomalies over eastern and southern Africa, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 19,099-19,116, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 19099-19116
    • Goddard, L.1    Graham, N.L.2
  • 16
    • 0030499252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical mechanisms for the association of El Niño and West African rainfall with Atlantic major hurricane activity
    • Goldenberg, S. B., and L. J. Shapiro, Physical mechanisms for the association of El Niño and West African rainfall with Atlantic major hurricane activity, J. Clim., 9, 1169-1187, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Clim. , vol.9 , pp. 1169-1187
    • Goldenberg, S.B.1    Shapiro, L.J.2
  • 17
    • 0035919625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The recent increase in Atlantic hurricane activity: Causes and implications
    • Goldenberg, S. B., C. W. Landsea, and W. M. Gray, The recent increase in Atlantic hurricane activity: Causes and implications, Science, 293, 474-479, 2001.
    • (2001) Science , vol.293 , pp. 474-479
    • Goldenberg, S.B.1    Landsea, C.W.2    Gray, W.M.3
  • 18
    • 0021218526 scopus 로고
    • Atlantic hurricane frequency, part 1, El Niño and 30 mb quasibiennial oscillations influences
    • Gray, W., Atlantic hurricane frequency, part 1, El Niño and 30 mb quasibiennial oscillations influences, Mon. Weather Rev., 112, 1649-1668, 1984.
    • (1984) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.112 , pp. 1649-1668
    • Gray, W.1
  • 20
    • 0034253009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zonal Circulations over the equatorial Indian Ocean
    • Hastenrath, S., Zonal Circulations over the equatorial Indian Ocean, J. Clim., 21, 2746-2756, 2000.
    • (2000) J. Clim. , vol.21 , pp. 2746-2756
    • Hastenrath, S.1
  • 21
    • 0035096255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In search of zonal circulations in the equatorial Atlantic sector from the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis
    • Hastenrath, S., In search of zonal circulations in the equatorial Atlantic sector from the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis, Int. J. Climatol., 21, 37-48, 2001.
    • (2001) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.21 , pp. 37-48
    • Hastenrath, S.1
  • 22
    • 0000262973 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric-hydrospheric mechanisms of climate anomalies in the western equatorial Indian Ocean
    • Hastenrath, S., A. Nicklis, and L. Greischar, Atmospheric-hydrospheric mechanisms of climate anomalies in the western equatorial Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 20,219-20,235, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98 , pp. 20219-20235
    • Hastenrath, S.1    Nicklis, A.2    Greischar, L.3
  • 23
    • 0001233206 scopus 로고
    • Atmosphere-ocean mechanisms of climate anomalies in the Angola-Tropical Atlantic sector
    • Hirst, A. C., and S. Hastenrath, Atmosphere-ocean mechanisms of climate anomalies in the Angola-Tropical Atlantic sector, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 1146-1157, 1983.
    • (1983) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.13 , pp. 1146-1157
    • Hirst, A.C.1    Hastenrath, S.2
  • 24
    • 0012724298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interannual variability in the tropical Indian Ocean and its relation to El Niño-Southern Oscillation
    • 10,1029/2001JC001278, in press
    • Huang, B., and J. L. Kinter, The interannual variability in the tropical Indian Ocean and its relation to El Niño-Southern Oscillation, J. Geophys. Res., 10,1029/2001JC001278, in press, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res.
    • Huang, B.1    Kinter, J.L.2
  • 25
    • 0032453444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West African monsoon dynamics and eastern equatorial Atlantic and Pacific SST anomalies (1970-88)
    • Janicot, S., A. Harzallah, B. Fontaine, and V. Moron, West African monsoon dynamics and eastern equatorial Atlantic and Pacific SST anomalies (1970-88), J. Clim., 11, 1874-1882, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Clim. , vol.11 , pp. 1874-1882
    • Janicot, S.1    Harzallah, A.2    Fontaine, B.3    Moron, V.4
  • 26
    • 0001614872 scopus 로고
    • An investigation of interannual rainfall variability in Africa
    • Janowiak, J. E., An investigation of interannual rainfall variability in Africa, J. Clim., 1, 240-255, 1988.
    • (1988) J. Clim. , vol.1 , pp. 240-255
    • Janowiak, J.E.1
  • 27
    • 0027868983 scopus 로고
    • Composite climatic patterns associated with extreme modes of summer rainfall over southern Africa: 1975-1984
    • Jury, M. R., and B. Pathack, Composite climatic patterns associated with extreme modes of summer rainfall over southern Africa: 1975-1984, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 47, 137-145, 1993.
    • (1993) Theor. Appl. Climatol. , vol.47 , pp. 137-145
    • Jury, M.R.1    Pathack, B.2
  • 29
    • 0032711387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploratory long-range models to estimate summer climate variability over southern Africa
    • Jury, M. R., H. M. Mulenga, and S. J. Mason, Exploratory long-range models to estimate summer climate variability over southern Africa. J. Clim., 12, 1892-1899, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Clim. , vol.12 , pp. 1892-1899
    • Jury, M.R.1    Mulenga, H.M.2    Mason, S.J.3
  • 30
    • 0029768948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis 40-year project
    • Kalnay, E., et al., The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis 40-year project, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77, 437-471, 1996.
    • (1996) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.77 , pp. 437-471
    • Kalnay, E.1
  • 31
    • 0032787692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atlantic basin hurricanes: Indices of climatic change
    • Landsea, C. W., R. A. Pielke, and J. A. Knaff, Atlantic basin hurricanes: Indices of climatic change, Clim. Change, 42, 89-129, 1999.
    • (1999) Clim. Change , vol.42 , pp. 89-129
    • Landsea, C.W.1    Pielke, R.A.2    Knaff, J.A.3
  • 32
    • 0029413453 scopus 로고
    • Interactions of the tropical oceans
    • Latif, M., and T. P. Barnett, Interactions of the tropical oceans, J. Clim., 8, 952-968, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Clim. , vol.8 , pp. 952-968
    • Latif, M.1    Barnett, T.P.2
  • 33
    • 0029527609 scopus 로고
    • Climate signal detection using wavelet transform: How to make a time series sing
    • Lau, K. M., and H. Y. Weng, Climate signal detection using wavelet transform: How to make a time series sing, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 76, 2391-2402, 1995.
    • (1995) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.76 , pp. 2391-2402
    • Lau, K.M.1    Weng, H.Y.2
  • 34
    • 0012737402 scopus 로고
    • NOAA Atlas NESDIS, vol. 4, 129 pp., Natl. Oceanic and Atmos. Admin., Silver Spring, Md
    • Levitus, S., and T. P. Boyer, World Ocean Atlas 1994, vol. 4, Temperature, NOAA Atlas NESDIS, vol. 4, 129 pp., Natl. Oceanic and Atmos. Admin., Silver Spring, Md., 1994.
    • (1994) World Ocean Atlas 1994, Temperature , vol.4
    • Levitus, S.1    Boyer, T.P.2
  • 35
    • 0032443655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interannual variability in rainfall, water vapour flux and vertical motion over West Africa
    • edited by E. Servat et al., IAHS Publ
    • Long, M., D. Entekhabi, and S. E. Nicholson, Interannual variability in rainfall, water vapour flux and vertical motion over West Africa, in Water Resources Variability in Africa, edited by E. Servat et al., IAHS Publ., 252, 27-33, 1998.
    • (1998) Water Resources Variability in Africa , vol.252 , pp. 27-33
    • Long, M.1    Entekhabi, D.2    Nicholson, S.E.3
  • 36
    • 0012679186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ocean-atmosphere structure in the tropical Indian Ocean during a ship cruise 1995/96
    • in press
    • Majodina, M., M. R. Jury, and M. Rouault, Ocean-atmosphere structure in the tropical Indian Ocean during a ship cruise 1995/96, Global Ocean Atmos. Syst., in press, 2002.
    • (2002) Global Ocean Atmos. Syst.
    • Majodina, M.1    Jury, M.R.2    Rouault, M.3
  • 38
    • 0027803710 scopus 로고
    • A numerical investigation of the dynamics and thermodynamics and mixed layer processes in the Indian Ocean
    • McCreary, J. P., P. K. Kundu, and R. Molinari, A numerical investigation of the dynamics and thermodynamics and mixed layer processes in the Indian Ocean, Prog. Oceanogr., 31, 181-244, 1993.
    • (1993) Prog. Oceanogr. , vol.31 , pp. 181-244
    • McCreary, J.P.1    Kundu, P.K.2    Molinari, R.3
  • 39
    • 0035254931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eastern Equatorial Pacific SST variability: ENSO and non-ENSO components and their climatic associations
    • Mestas-Nuñez, A. M., and D. B. Enfield, Eastern Equatorial Pacific SST variability: ENSO and non-ENSO components and their climatic associations, J. Clim., 14, 391-402, 2001.
    • (2001) J. Clim. , vol.14 , pp. 391-402
    • Mestas-Nunez, A.M.1    Enfield, D.B.2
  • 40
    • 0035806448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-seasonal convective structure and evolution over tropical East Africa
    • Mapeta, E. J., and M. Jury, Intra-seasonal convective structure and evolution over tropical east Africa, Clim. Res., 17, 83-92, 2001.
    • (2001) Clim. Res. , vol.17 , pp. 83-92
    • Mpeta, E.J.1    Jury, M.2
  • 41
    • 0032423954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards the prediction of the East Africa short rains based on sea-surface temperature-Atmosphere coupling
    • Mutai, C. C., M. N. Ward, and A. W. Colman, Towards the prediction of the east Africa short rains based on sea-surface temperature-Atmosphere coupling, Int. J. Climatol., 18, 975-998, 1998.
    • (1998) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.18 , pp. 975-998
    • Mutai, C.C.1    Ward, M.N.2    Colman, A.W.3
  • 42
    • 0022832616 scopus 로고
    • The spatial coherence of African rainfall anomalies: Interhemispheric teleconnections
    • Nicholson, S. E., The spatial coherence of African rainfall anomalies: Interhemispheric teleconnections, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 25, 1365 1381, 1986.
    • (1986) J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.25 , pp. 1365-1381
    • Nicholson, S.E.1
  • 43
    • 0030921026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of the ENSO signal in the tropical Atlantic and western Indian Oceans
    • Nicholson, S. E., An analysis of the ENSO signal in the tropical Atlantic and western Indian Oceans, Int. J. Climatol., 17, 345-375, 1997.
    • (1997) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.17 , pp. 345-375
    • Nicholson, S.E.1
  • 44
    • 0025691856 scopus 로고
    • Temporal and spatial variability in the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans
    • Nicholson, S. E., and B. S. Nyenzi, Temporal and spatial variability in the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 41, 1-17, 1990.
    • (1990) Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. , vol.41 , pp. 1-17
    • Nicholson, S.E.1    Nyenzi, B.S.2
  • 45
    • 0012634185 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric energetics and the water cycle
    • Nato ASI Ser., chap. 1, edited by E. Raschke and D. Jacob, Springer-Verlag, New York
    • Peixoto, J. P., Atmospheric energetics and the water cycle, in Energy and Water Cycles in the Climate System, Nato ASI Ser., vol. 15. chap. 1, pp. 1-421, edited by E. Raschke and D. Jacob, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1993.
    • (1993) Energy and Water Cycles in the Climate System , vol.15 , pp. 1-421
    • Peixoto, J.P.1
  • 47
    • 0033376187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between South African rainfall and SST anomalies in the southwest Indian Ocean
    • Reason, C. J., and H. Mulenga, Relationships between South African rainfall and SST anomalies in the southwest Indian Ocean, Int. J. Climatol., 19, 1651-1673, 1999.
    • (1999) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.19 , pp. 1651-1673
    • Reason, C.J.1    Mulenga, H.2
  • 48
    • 0033835011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ENSO and climatic signals across the Indian Ocean basin in the global context, part 1, Interannual composite patterns
    • Reason, C. J. C., R. J. Allan, J. A. Lindesay, and T. J. Ansell, ENSO and climatic signals across the Indian Ocean basin in the global context, part 1, Interannual composite patterns, Int. J. Climatol., 20, 1285-1327, 2000.
    • (2000) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.20 , pp. 1285-1327
    • Reason, C.J.C.1    Allan, R.J.2    Lindesay, J.A.3    Ansell, T.J.4
  • 49
    • 0028581380 scopus 로고
    • Improved global sea surface temperature analyses using optimum interpolation
    • Reynolds, R. W., and M. Smith, Improved global sea surface temperature analyses using optimum interpolation, J. Clim., 7, 929-948, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Clim. , vol.7 , pp. 929-948
    • Reynolds, R.W.1    Smith, M.2
  • 50
    • 0010271560 scopus 로고
    • Variability of rainfall in West Africa
    • Richard, Y., Variability of rainfall in West Africa, Meteorologie, 8, 11-22, 1994.
    • (1994) Meteorologie , vol.8 , pp. 11-22
    • Richard, Y.1
  • 51
    • 0033679804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modification of the southern African rainfall variability/ENSO relationship since the late 1960s
    • Richard, Y., S. Trzaska, P. Roucon, and M. Rouault, Modification of the southern African rainfall variability/ENSO relationship since the late 1960s, Clim. Dyn, 16, 883-895, 2000.
    • (2000) Clim. Dyn , vol.16 , pp. 883-895
    • Richard, Y.1    Trzaska, S.2    Roucon, P.3    Rouault, M.4
  • 52
    • 0030680168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interannual variability of south-east African summer rainfall, part I, Relationships with air-sea interaction processes
    • Rocha, A. M. C., and I. Simmonds, Interannual variability of south-east African summer rainfall, part I, Relationships with air-sea interaction processes, Int. J. Climatol., 17, 235-265, 1997.
    • (1997) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.17 , pp. 235-265
    • Rocha, A.M.C.1    Simmonds, I.2
  • 55
    • 0033562210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How well does a coarse-resolution circulation model simulate observed interannual variability in the upper Indian Ocean?
    • Schiller, A., How well does a coarse-resolution circulation model simulate observed interannual variability in the upper Indian Ocean?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1485-1488, 1999.
    • (1999) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.26 , pp. 1485-1488
    • Schiller, A.1
  • 57
    • 0026283611 scopus 로고
    • Simple climatic indices for the tropical Atlantic Ocean and some applications
    • Servain, J., Simple climatic indices for the tropical Atlantic Ocean and some applications, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 15,137-15,146, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.96 , pp. 15137-15146
    • Servain, J.1
  • 58
    • 0032445612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modes of climatic variability in the tropical Atlantic, 1998
    • edited by E. Servat et al., IAHS Publ
    • Servain, J., I. Wainer, A. Dessier, and J. P. McCreary, Modes of climatic variability in the tropical Atlantic, 1998, in Water Resources Variability in Africa, edited by E. Servat et al., IAHS Publ., 252, 45-51, 1998.
    • (1998) Water Resources Variability in Africa , vol.252 , pp. 45-51
    • Servain, J.1    Wainer, I.2    Dessier, A.3    McCreary, J.P.4
  • 59
  • 60
    • 0000982809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate variability in northern Africa: Understanding droughts in the Sahel and the Maghreb
    • edited by A. Navarra, Springer-Verlag, New York
    • Ward, M. N., P. J. Lamb, D. H. Portis, M. El Hamly, and R. Sebarri, Climate variability in northern Africa: Understanding droughts in the Sahel and the Maghreb, in Beyond El Nino-Decadal Variability in the Climate System, edited by A. Navarra, pp. 119-140, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1999.
    • (1999) Beyond El Nino - Decadal Variability in the Climate System , pp. 119-140
    • Ward, M.N.1    Lamb, P.J.2    Portis, D.H.3    El Hamly, M.4    Sebarri, R.5
  • 61
    • 0033598342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coupled ocean-atmosphere dynamics in the Indian Ocean during 1997-1998
    • Webster, P. J., A. M. Moore, J. P. Loschnigg, and R. R. Leben, Coupled ocean-atmosphere dynamics in the Indian Ocean during 1997-1998, Nature, 401, 356-360, 1999.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.401 , pp. 356-360
    • Webster, P.J.1    Moore, A.M.2    Loschnigg, J.P.3    Leben, R.R.4
  • 62
    • 0033663085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global El Niño-Southern Oscillation wave in surface temperature and pressure and its interdecadal modulation from 1900 to 1997
    • White, W. B., and D. R. Cayan, A global El Nino-Southern Oscillation wave in surface temperature and pressure and its interdecadal modulation from 1900 to 1997, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 11223-11242, 2000.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , pp. 11223-11242
    • White, W.B.1    Cayan, D.R.2
  • 63
    • 0001579343 scopus 로고
    • The wind-driven seasonal circulation in the southern tropical Indian Ocean
    • Woodberry, K. E., and M. E. Luther, The wind-driven seasonal circulation in the southern tropical Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 17,985-18,002, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , pp. 17985-18002
    • Woodberry, K.E.1    Luther, M.E.2
  • 64
    • 0027798617 scopus 로고
    • Air-sea interaction in the equatorial Atlantic region
    • Zebiak, S. E., Air-sea interaction in the equatorial Atlantic region, J. Clim., 8, 1567-1586, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Clim. , vol.8 , pp. 1567-1586
    • Zebiak, S.E.1
  • 65
    • 0012741376 scopus 로고
    • NOAA Atlas NESDIS, 181 pp., Natl. Oceanic and Atmos. Admin., Silver Spring, Md
    • Zehr, R. M., Tropical cylogenesis in the western North Pacific, NOAA Atlas NESDIS, vol. 61, 181 pp., Natl. Oceanic and Atmos. Admin., Silver Spring, Md., 1992.
    • (1992) Tropical Cylogenesis in the Western North Pacific , vol.61
    • Zehr, R.M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.