Measurements near the Atmospheric Surface Flux Group tower at SHEBA: Near-surface conditions and surface energy budget

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 107, Issue 10, 2002, Pages

  Persson, P Olga G ^a   Fairall, Christopher W ^b   Andreas, Edgar L ^c   Guest, Peter S ^d   Perovich, Donald K ^c  

^a CooprtvInstfor Resin Envrn ^*  (United States)

^b NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^c Engineering Research and Development Center   (United States)

^d NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Arctic annual cycle; Arctic pack ice meteorology; Surface energy budget

Indexed keywords

ANNUAL CYCLE; BOUNDARY LAYER; ENERGY BUDGET; SEA ICE; SURFACE FLUX;

ARCTIC OCEAN;

EID: 0037110324     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2000jc000705     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Andreas, E. L., A new method of measuring the snow-surface temperature, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 12, 139-156, 1986.
2. Andreas, E. L., A theory for the scalar roughness and the scalar transfer coefficients over snow and sea ice, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 38, 159-184, 1987.
3. Andreas, E. L., and B. Murphy, Bulk transfer coefficients for heat and momentum over leads and polynyas, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 16, 1875-1883, 1986.
4. Andreas, E. L., C. W. Fairall, P. S. Guest, and P. O. G. Persson, An overview of the SHEBA atmospheric surface flux program, in Preprints, Fifth Conference On Polar Meteorology and Oceanography, 10-15 January 1999, Dallas, Tex., pp. 411-416, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 1999.
5. Andreas, E. L., P. S. Guest, P. O. G. Persson, C. W. Fairall, T. W. Horst, R. E. Moritz, and S. R. Semmer, Near-surface water vapor over polar sea ice is always near ice-saturation, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 10.1029/ 2000JC000411, 2002.
6. Badgley, F. I., Heat budget at the surface of the arctic ocean, in Proceedings of the Symposium on the Arctic Heat Budget and Atmospheric Circulation, edited by J. O. Fletcher, pp. 267-277, Memo. RM-5233-NSF, The RAND Corporation, 1966.
7. Banke, E. G., S. D. Smith, and R. J. Anderson, Drag coefficients at AID-JEX from sonic anemometer measurements, in Sea Ice Processes and Models, edited by R. S. Pritchard, pp. 430-442, Univ. of Washington Press, 1980.
8. Bush, B. C., F. P. J. Valero, and A. S. Simpson, Characterization of thermal effects in pyranometers: A data correction algorithm for improved measurement of surface insolation, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 17, 165-175, 2000.
9. Claffey, K. J., E. L. Andreas, A. P. Makshtas, and B. V. Ivanov, In situ measurements of the surface temperature in the western Weddell Sea, in Preprints. Fifth Conference on Polar Meteorology and Oceanography, 10-15 January 1999, Dallas, Tex., pp. 327-332, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 1995.
10. Claffey, K. A., E. L. Andreas, D. K. Perovich, C. W. Fairall, P. S. Guest, and P. O. G. Persson, Surface temperature measurements at SHEBA, in Preprints, Fifth Conference on Polar Meteorology and Oceanography, 10-15 January 1999, Dallas, Tex., pp. 86-90, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 1999.
11. Colony, R., I. Appel, and I. Rigor, Surface air temperature observations in the Arctic Basin, Tech. Memo. TM 1-92, 120 pp., Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash., 1992.
12. Curry, J. A., and E. E. Ebert, Annual cycle of radiation fluxes over the Arctic Ocean: Sensitivity to cloud optical properties, J. Clim., 5, 1267-1280, 1992.
13. Curry, J. A., D. Randall, W. B. Rossow, and J. L. Schramm, Overview of Arctic cloud and radiation characteristics, J. Clim., 9, 1731-1764, 1996.
14. Curry, J. A., et al., FIRE Arctic Clouds Experiment, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 81, 5-29, 2000.
15. Doronin, Yu. P., On the heat balance of the Central Arctic (in Russian), Proc. Arctic Antarctic Res. Inst., 253, 178-184, 1963.
16. Dutton, E. G., J. J. Michalsky, T. Stoffel, B. W. Forgan, J. Hickey, D. W. Nelson, T. L. Alberta, and I. Reda, Measurement of broadband diffuse solar irradiance using current commercial instrumentation with a correction for thermal offset errors, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 18, 297-314, 2001.
17. Ebert, E. E., and J. A. Curry, An intermediate one-dimensional thermo-dynamic sea-ice model for investigating ice-atmosphere interactions, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 10,085-10,109, 1993.
18. Fairall, C. W., E. F. Bradley, D. P. Rogers, J. B. Edson, and G. S. Young, Bulk parameterization of air-sea fluxes for Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere Coupled-Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 3747-3764, 1996.
19. Fairall, C. W., P. O. G. Persson, E. F. Bradley, R. E. Payne, and S. P. Anderson, A new look at calibration and use of Eppley precision infrared radiometers, 1, Theory and application, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 15, 1229-1242, 1998.
20. Grachev, A. A., C. W. Fairall, P. O. G. Persson, E. L. Andreas, and P. S. Guest, Stable boundary-layer regimes observed during SHEBA experiment, paper presented at 15th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence, Am. Meteorol. Soc., Wageningen, Netherlands, 15-19 July, 2002.
21. Grenfell, T. C., and D. K. Perovich, Spectral albedos of sea ice and incident solar irradiance in the southern Beaufort Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 3573-3580, 1984.
22. Grenfell, T. C., et al., Evolution of electromagnetic signatures of sea ice from initial formation to the establishment of thick first-year ice, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 36, 1642-1654, 1998.
23. Guest, P. S., E. L. Andreas, C. W. Fairall, and P. O. G. Persson, Problems with surface layer similarity theory in the Arctic, in Preprints, Fifth Conference on Polar Meteorology and Oceanography, 10-15 January 1999, Dallas, Tex., pp. 132-135, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 1999.
24. Holtslag, A. A. M., and H. A. R. DeBruin, Applied modeling of the night-time surface energy balance over land, J. Appl. Meteorol., 27, 689-704, 1988.
25. Houghton, J. T., G. J. Jenkins, and J. J. Ephraums, (Eds.), Climate Change. The IPCC Scientific Assessment, 364 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1990.
26. Jordan, R. E., E. L. Andreas, and A. P. Makshtas, The heat budget of snow-covered sea ice at North Pole 4, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 7785-7806, 1999.
27. Kristensen, L., J. Mann, S. P. Oncley, and J. C. Wyngaard, How close is close enough when measuring scalar fluxes with displaced sensors?, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 14, 814-821, 1997.
28. Leavitt, E., Surface-based air stress measurements made during AIDJEX, Chapter in Sea Ice Processes and Models, edited by R. S. Pritchard, pp. 419-429, Univ. of Washington Press, 1980.
29. Lindsay, R. W., Temporal variability of the energy balance of thick Arctic pack ice, J. Clim., 11, 313-333, 1998.
30. Malmgren, F., Studies of humidity and hoar-frost over the Arctic Ocean, Geof. Publ.4(No. 6), Oslo, pp. 1-20, 1927.
31. 2 concentration in the atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 5529-5554, 1980.
32. Marshunova, M. S., Principal characteristics of the radiation balance of the underlying surface and of the atmosphere in the Arctic, Proc. Arctic Antarctic Res. Inst., 229, 5-53, (Translated by The Rand Corporation, RM-5003-PR, 1966), 1961.
33. Marshunova, M. S., and A. A. Mishin, Handbook of the Radiation Regime of the Arctic Basin (Results From the Drifting Stations), 69 pp., Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash., 1994.
34. Martin, S., and E. A. Munoz, Properties of the Arctic 2-m air temperature for 1979-present derived from a new gridded data set, J. Clim., 10, 1428-1440, 1997.
35. Maykut, G. A., Large-scale heat exchange and ice production in the Central Arctic, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 7971-7984, 1982.
36. Maykut, G. A., and N. Untersteiner, Some results from a time-dependent thermodynamic model of sea ice, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 1550-1575, 1971.
37. McPhee, M., and N. Untersteiner, Using sea ice to measure vertical flux in the ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 2071-2074, 1982.
38. Michalsky, J., E. Duttton, M. Rubes, D. Nelson, T. Stoffel, M. Wesley, M. Splitt, and J. DeLuisi, Optimal measurement of surface shortwave irradiance using current instrumentation, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 16, 55-69, 1999.
39. Mohn, H., The Norwegian North Polar Expedition 1893-1896, Scientific Results, vol. VI, Meteorology, edited by F. Nansen, F. Nansen Fund for Advancement of Science, Christiania, Oslo, 1905.
40. Moritz, R. E., J. A. Curry, A. S. Thorndike, and N. Untersteiner, SHEBA, a Research Program on the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean, Arctic System Science Center: Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions, Rep. No. 3, 34 pp., University of Washington, Seattle, Wash., 1993.
41. National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), Arctic Ocean Snow and Meteorological Observations from Russian Drifting Stations, NSIDC, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colo., 1996, CD-ROM.
42. Oort, A. H., Global circulation statistics, 1958-1973, NOAA Prof. Pap. 14, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington, D. C., 1983.
43. Overland, J. E., Atmospheric boundary layer structure and drag coefficients over sea ice, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 9029-9049, 1985.
44. Perovich, D. K., et al., Year on ice gives climate insights, Eos Trans. AGU, 80(41), 481-486, 1999.
45. Perovich, D. K., T. C. Grenfell, B. Light, and P. V. Hobbs, Seasonal evolution of the albedo of multiyear Arctic sea ice, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 10.1029/2000JC000438, in press, 2002.
46. Persson, P. O. G., E. L. Andreas, C. W. Fairall, P. S. Guest, and D. R. Ruffieux, The surface energy budget during the onset of the melt season on the Arctic icepack during SHEBA, in Preprints, Fifth Conference on Polar Meteorology and Oceanography, 10-15 January 1999, Dallas, Tex., pp. 321-326, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 1999a.
47. Persson, P. O. G., T. Uttal, J. Intrieri, C. W. Fairall, E. L. Andreas, and P. S. Guest, Observations of large thermal transitions during the Arctic night from a suite of sensors at SHEBA, in Preprints, Fifth Conference on Polar Meteorology and Oceanography, 10-15 January 1999, Dallas, Tex., pp. 306-309, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 1999b.
48. Persson, P. Ola G., C. W. Fairall, E. Andreas, P. Guest, and D. Perovich, Measurements near the Atmospheric Surface Flux Group tower at SHEBA: Site description, data processing, and accuracy estimates, NOAA Tech. Memo. OAR ETL, 2002.
49. Philipona, R., C. Frohlich, and C. Betz, Characterization of pyrgeometers and the accuracy of atmospheric long-wave radiation measurements, Appl. Opt., 34, 1598-1605, 1995.
50. Philipona, R., et al., The Baseline Surface Radiation Network pyrgeometer round-robin calibration experiment, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 15, 687-696, 1998.
51. Pritchard, R. S., (Ed.), Sea Ice Processes and Models, Univ. of Washington Press, 474 pp., 1980.
52. Rigor, I. G., R. L. Colony, and S. Martin, Variations in surface air temperature observations in the Arctic, 1979-97, J. Clim., 13, 896-914, 2000.
53. Rothrock, D. A., Y. Yu, and G. A. Maykut, Thinning of the Arctic sea-ice cover, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3469-3472, 1999.
54. Ruffieux, D., P. O. G. Persson, C. W. Fairall, and D. E. Wolfe, Ice pack and lead surface energy budgets during LEADEX 1992, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 4593-4612, 1995.
55. Russell, C. A., C. W. Fairall, P. O. G. Persson, E. L. Andreas, P. S. Guest, R. Lindsay, H. A. Eide, and T. Horst, Intercomparison of downward longwave flux measurements during the first two months of SHEBA, in Preprints, Fifth Conference on Polar Meteorology and Oceanography, 10-15 January 1999, Dallas, Tex., pp. 314-318, American Meteorological Society, Boston, 1999.
56. Sturm, M., J. Holmgren, M. König, and K. Morris, The thermal conductivity of seasonal snow, J. Glaciol., 43(143), 26-42, 1997.
57. Sturm, M., D. K. Perovich, and J. Holmgren, Thermal conductivity and heat transfer through the snow on the ice of the Beaufont Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 10.1029/2000JC000409, in press, 2002.
58. Sverdrup, H. U., The Norwegian North Polar Expedition with the "Maud" 1918-1925, Scientific Results, vol. II, Meteorology. I: Discussion, Geofysisk Institutt, Bergen, 1933.
59. Untersteiner, N., On the mass and heat budget of Arctic sea ice, Arch. Meteorol. Geophys. Bioklimatol, Ser. A, 12, 11-182, 1961.
60. Uttal, T., et al., The surface heat budget of the Arctic, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 83, 255-275, 2002.
61. Vowinckel, E., and S. Orvig, The climate of the North Polar Basin, in Climates of the Polar Regions. World Survey of Climatology, vol. 14, edited by S. Orvig, Elsevier Sci., New York, 1970.
62. Webb, E. K., G. I. Pearman, and R. Leuning, Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapor transport, J. Q. R. Meteorol. Soc., 106, 85-100, 1980.
63. Yakovlev, G. N., The Thermal Regime of the Ice Cover in Observational Data of the Scientific Drifting Research Station of 1950-51, vol. 11, Sec. 7, Art. 4, edited by M. M. Somov, 1954 (ASTIA No. AD 117138).