The seasonal cycle of meridional heat transport at 24°N in the North Pacific and in the global ocean

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 107, Issue 7, 2002, Pages

  Zhang, D ^a   Johns, W E ^b   Lee, T N ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI   (United States)

Author keywords

Kuroshio; Model data comparison; Oceanic heat transport; Pacific 24 N; Seasonal cycle; World Ocean Circulation Experiment

Indexed keywords

HEAT TRANSFER; MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION; SEASONAL VARIATION; WATER MASS;

(NORTH); PACIFIC OCEAN;

EID: 0037101751     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2001jc001011     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Anderson, D. L. T., and K. Bryan, A. E. Gill, and R. C. Pacanowski, The transient response of the North Atlantic: Some model studies, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 4795-4815, 1979.
2. Bingham, F. M., and L. D. Talley, Estimates of Kuroshio transport using an inverse technique, Deep Sea Res., Part A, 38, 521-545, 1991.
3. Böning, C. W., and P. Herrmann, On the annual cycle of poleward heat transport in the ocean: Results from high resolution modeling of the North and equatorial Atlantic, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 91-107, 1994.
4. Böning, C. W., R. Doscher, and R. G. Budich, Seasonal transport variation in the western subtropical North Atlantic: Experiments with an eddy resolving model, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 1271-1289, 1991.
5. Boyer, T., and S. Levitus, Quality control of oxygen, temperature and salinity data, NOAA Tech. Rep. 81, 65 pp., Natl. Oceanogr. Data Cent., Washington, D.C., 1994.
6. Bryan, K., Measurements of meridional heat transport by ocean currents, J. Geophys. Res., 67, 3403-3414, 1962.
7. Bryden, H. L., Ocean heat transport across 24°N latitude, in Interactions Between Global Climate Subsystems: The Legacy of Hann, vol. 75, Geophys. Monogr., Ser., edited by G. A. McBean and M. Hantel, pp. 65-75, AGU, Washington, D.C., 1993.
8. Bryden, H. L., and M. M. Hall, Heat transport by currents across 25°N latitude in the Atlantic Ocean, Science, 207, 884-886, 1980.
9. Bryden, H. L., and S. Imawaki, Ocean heat transport, in Ocean Circulation and Climate: Observing and Modeling the Global Ocean, vol. 77, Int. Geophys. Ser., edited by G. Siedler et al., pp. 455-474, Academic, San Diego, Calif., 2001.
10. Bryden, H. L., D. H. Roemmich, and J. A. Church, Ocean heat transport across 24°N in the Pacific, Deep Sea Res., Part A, 38, 297-324, 1991.
11. Carissimo, B. C., A. H. Oort, and T. H. Vonder Haar, Estimating the meridional energy transports in the atmosphere and ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 15, 82-91, 1985.
12. Chuang, W.-S., Dynamics of subtidal flow in the Taiwan Strait, J. Oceanogr. Soc. Jpn., 41, 65-72, 1985.
13. Curry, R. G., Hydrobase-A database of hydrographic stations and tools for climatological analysis, Tech. Rep. WHOI-96-01, 44 pp., Woods Hole Oceanog. Inst., Woods Hole, Mass., 1996.
14. da Silva, A., A. C. Young, and S. Levitus, Atlas of Surface Marine Data 1994, vol. 1, Algorithms and Procedures, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 6, U.S. Dep. of Commer., Washington, D.C., 1994.
15. Fang, G., and B. Zhao, A note on the main forcing of the northeastward flowing current off the southeast China coast, Prog. Oceanogr., 21, 363-372, 1988.
16. Fillenbaum, E. R., T. N. Lee, W. E. Johns, and R. Zantopp, Meridional heat transport variability at 26.5°N in the North Atlantic, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 153-174, 1997.
17. Ganachaud, A., and C. Wunsch, Improved estimates of global ocean circulation, heat transport and mixing from hydrographic data, Nature, 408, 453-457, 2000.
18. Gill, A. E., and P. P. Niiler, The theory of the seasonal variability in the ocean, Deep Sea Res. Oceanogr. Abstr., 20, 141-177, 1973.
19. Gordon, A. L., Interocean exchange of thermocline water, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 5037-5046, 1986.
20. Guan, B., Analysis of the variations of volume transports of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea, in Proceedings of Japan-China Symposium on Physical Oceanography and Marine Engineering in the East China Sea, Inst. of Oceanic Res., Tokai Univ., Tokyo, 1981.
21. Guan, B., Patterns and structures of the currents in Bohai, Huanghai and East China Seas, in Oceanology of China Seas, vol. 1, edited by D. Zhou et al., pp. 17-26, Kluwer Acad., Norwell, Mass., 1994.
22. Hall, M. M., and H. L. Bryden, Direct estimates and mechanisms of ocean heat transport, Deep Sea Res., Part A, 29, 339-359, 1982.
23. Hastenrath, S., Heat budget of tropical ocean and atmosphere, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 10, 159-170, 1980.
24. Hautala, S. L., D. H. Roemmich, and W. J. Schmitz Jr., Is the North Pacific in Sverdrup balance along 24°N?, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 16,041-16,052, 1994.
25. Hellerman, S., and M. Rosenstein, Normal monthly wind stress over the World Ocean with error estimates, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 1093-1104, 1983.
26. Hsiung, J., R. E. Newell, and T. Houghtby, The annual cycle of oceanic heat storage and ocean meridional heat transport, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 115, 1-28, 1989.
27. Ichikawa, H., and R. C. Beardsley, Temporal and spatial variability of volume transport of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 40, 583-605, 1993.
28. Isemer, H.-J., and L. Hasse, The Bunker Climate Atlas of the North Atlantic Ocean, vol. 2, Air-Sea Interactions, 252 pp., Springer-Verlag, New York, 1987.
29. Johns, W. E., T. N. Lee, C. T. Liu, and D. Zhang, PCM-1 array monitors Kuroshio transport, WOCE Notes, 7(3), 10-13, 1995.
30. Johns, W. E., T. N. Lee, D. Zhang, R. Zantopp, C. T. Liu, and Y. Yang, The Kuroshio east of Taiwan-Moored transport observations from the WOCE PCM-1 array, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 1031-1053, 2001.
31. Jung, G. H., Note on the meridional transport of energy by the oceans, J. Mar. Res., 11, 139-146, 1952.
32. Kawabe, M., Variability of Kuroshio velocity assesed from the sea-level difference between Naze and Nishinoomote., J. Oceanogr. Soc. Jpn., 44, 293-304, 1988.
33. Keith, D. W., Meridional energy transport: Uncertainty in zonal means, Tellus, Ser. A, 47, 30-44, 1995.
34. Large, W. G., and S. Pond, Open ocean momentum flux measurements in moderate to strong winds, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 324-336, 1981.
35. Lee, T. N., and E. Williams, Wind forced transport fluctuations of the Florida Current, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 18, 937-946, 1988.
36. Lee, T. N., E. Williams, J. Wang, R. Evans, and L. Atkinson, Response of South Carolina continental shelf waters to wind and Gulf Stream forcing during winter of 1986, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 10,715-10,754, 1989.
37. Lee, T. N., W. E. Johns, C. T. Liu, D. Zhang, R. Zantopp, and Y. Yang, The Kuroshio east of Taiwan-Mean transport and seasonal cycle with comparison to the Florida Current, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 22,143-22,158, 2001.
38. Levitus, S., Climatological Atlas of the World Ocean, NOAA Prof. Pap. 13, 173 pp., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1982.
39. Levitus, S., World Ocean Atlas 1994 CD-Rom Sets, Natl. Oceanogr. Data Cent. Informal Rep. 13, 1994.
40. Liu, C.-T., S.-P. Cheng, W.-S. Chuang, Y. Yang, T. N. Lee, W. E. Johns, and H.-W. Li, Mean structure and transport of Taiwan Current (Kuroshio), Acta Oceanogr. Taiwanica, 36, 159-173, 1998.
41. Lozier, S. M., M. S. McCartney, and W. B. Owens, Anomalous anomalies in averaged hydrographic data, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 2624-2638, 1994.
42. Macdonald, A. M., and C. Wunsch, An estimate of global ocean circulation and heat fluxes, Nature, 382, 436-439, 1996.
43. Macdonald, A. M., T. Suga, and R. G. Curry, An isopycnally averaged North Pacific climatology, J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 18, 394-420, 2001.
44. Mariano, A. J., E. H. Ryan, B. D. Perkins, and S. Smithers, The Mariano Global Surface Velocity Analysis 1.0, USCGS Rep. CG-D-34-95, 55 pp., Natl. Ocean Surv., Silver Spring, Md., 1995.
45. McClean, J. L., A. J. Semtner, and V. Zlotnicki, Comparisons of mesoscale variability in the Semtner-Chervin 1/4° model, the Los Alamos Parallel Ocean Program 1/6° model, and TOPEX/POSEIDON data, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 25,203-25,226, 1997.
46. Molinari, R. L., E. Johns, and J. F. Festa, The annual cycle of meridional heat flux in the Atlantic Ocean at 26.5°N, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 476-482, 1990.
47. Montgomery, R. B., Comments on "Seasonal variability of the Florida Current" by Niiler and Richardson, J. Mar. Res., 32, 533-535, 1974.
48. Nitani, H., Beginning of the Kuroshio, in Kuroshio: Physical Aspects of the Japan Current, edited by H. Stommel and K. Yoshida, pp. 129-163, Univ. of Wash. Press, Seattle, Wash., 1972.
49. Oberhuber, J. M., An atlas based on the COADS data set: The budgets of heat, buoyancy and turbulent kinetic energy at the surface of the global ocean, Rep. 15, 19 pp., Max Planck Inst. fur Meteorol., Hamburg, Germany, 1988.
50. Roemmich, D., and T. McCallister, Large scale circulation of the North Pacific Ocean, Prog. Oceanogr., 22, 171-204, 1989.
51. Roemmich, D., and C. Wunsch, Two transatlantic sections: Meridional circulation and heat flux in the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean, Deep Sea Res., 32, 609-664, 1985.
52. Semtner, A. J., Jr., and R. M. Chervin, Ocean general circulation from a global eddy-resolving model, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 5493-5550, 1992.
53. Stammer, D., On eddy characteristics, eddy transports, and mean flow properties, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 727-739, 1998.
54. Talley, L. D., Meridional heat transport in the Pacific Ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 14, 231-241, 1984.
55. Trenberth, K. E., The heat budget of the atmosphere and ocean, paper presented at First International Conference on Reanalyses, World Clim. Res. Prog., Silver Spring Md., 17-20 October 1997.
56. Trenberth, K. E., and A. Solomon, The global heat balance: Heat transports in the atmosphere and ocean, Clim. Dyn., 10, 107-134, 1994.
57. Trenberth, K. E., J. M. Caron, and D. P. Stepaniak, The atmospheric energy budget and implications for surface fluxes and ocean heat transports, Clim. Dyn., 17, 259-276, 2001.
58. U.S. World Ocean Circulation Experiment, Implementation Rep. 3, 84 pp., U.S. World Ocean Circ. Off., College Station, Tx., 1991.
59. Vonder Haar, T. H., and A. H. Oort, New estimate of annual poleward energy transport by Northern Hemisphere oceans, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 3, 169-172, 1973.
60. Wacongne, S., and L. Crosnier, Can one estimate the oceanic seasonal baroclinic heat transport from climatological hydrography?, Int. World Ocean Circ. Exp. Newsl., 25, 29-31, 1997.
61. Warren, B. A., Approximating the energy transport across oceanic sections, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 7915-7919, 1999.
62. Wilkin, J. L., J. V. Mansbridge, and J. S. Godfrey, Pacific Ocean heat transport at 24°N in a high-resolution global model, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 2204-2214, 1995.
63. Worthington, L. V. and H. Kawai, Comparison between deep sections across the Kuroshio and the Florida Current and Gulf Stream, in Kuroshio: Physical Aspects of the Japan Current, edited by H. Stommel and K. Yoshida, pp. 371-385, Univ. of Wash. Press, Seattle, Wash., 1972.
64. Yuan, Y., A. Kaneko, J. Su, X. Zhu, Y. Liu, N. Gohda, and H. Chen, The Kuroshio east of Taiwan and in the East China Sea and the currents east of Ryukyu Islands during early summer of 1996, J. Oceanogr., 54, 217-226, 1998.
65. Zhang, D., Kuroshio variability at 24°N on mesoscale, seasonal, and decadal time scales, RSMAS Tech. Rep. 2000-02, 190 pp., Univ. of Miami, Coral Gables, Fla., 2000.
66. Zhang, D., T. N. Lee, W. E. Johns, C.-T. Liu, and R. Zantopp, The Kuroshio east of Taiwan-Modes of variability and relationship to interior ocean mesoscale eddies, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 1054-1074, 2001.
67. Zhao, B., and G. Fang, Estimate of water volume transports through the main straits of the East China Sea, Acta Oceanol. Sinica, 10, 1-13, 1991.