Metamorphism of the granite-greenstone terrane south of the Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa: An insight into the tectono-thermal evolution of the 'lower' portions of the Onverwacht Group

Precambrian Research

Volumn 114, Issue 3-4, 2002, Pages 221-247

  Dziggel, A ^a   Stevens, G ^b   Poujol, M ^c   Anhaeusser, C R ^a   Armstrong, R A ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

^b STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

^c Hugh Allsopp Laboratories   (South Africa)

^d AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Barberton greenstone belt; Basement; Clastic metasediments; Metamorphism; U Pb geochronology

Indexed keywords

IRON DERIVATIVE; LEAD; MAGNESIUM; MAGNETITE; METAL OXIDE; MINERAL; POTASSIUM DERIVATIVE; SILICON DERIVATIVE; SILICON DIOXIDE; URANIUM; ZIRCONIUM;

GEOCHRONOLOGY; GRANITE; GREENSTONE BELT; METAMORPHISM; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; THERMAL EVOLUTION;

AGE DETERMINATION; ARTICLE; ASTHENOSPHERIC UPWELLING; CHRONOLOGY; EVOLUTION; GRANITE; PRESSURE; ROCK; SEDIMENT; SOIL EROSION; SOUTH AFRICA; THERMOMETER; VOLCANO;

BARBERTON GREENSTONE BELT; SOUTH AFRICA;

EID: 0037088944     PISSN: 03019268     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0301-9268(01)00225-X     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Anhaeusser, C.R., 1969. The Stratigraphy, Structure and Gold Mineralization of the Jamestown and Sheba Hills Area of the Barberton Mountain Land. Ph.D. thesis (unpubl.). Univ. Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, pp. 332.
2. Anhaeusser, C.R., 1973. The evolution of the early Precambrian crust of southern Africa. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A273, 359-388.
3. Anhaeusser, C.R., 1980. A geological investigation of the Archaean granite-greenstone terrane south of the Boesmanskop syenite pluton, Barberton Mountain Land. Trans. Geol. Soc. S. Afr. 83, 93-106.
4. Anhaeusser, C.R., 1983. The geology of the Schapenburg greenstone remnant and surrounding Archaean granitic terrane south of Badplaas, eastern Transvaal. Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. S. Afr. 9, 31-44.
5. Anhaeusser, C.R., 1984. Structural elements of Archaean granite-greenstone terranes as exemplified by the Barberton Mountain Land, southern Africa. In: Kröner, A., Greiling, R. (Eds.), Precambrian Tectonics Illustrated. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung (Nägele u. Obermiller). Stuttgart, Germany, pp. 57-78.
6. Anhaeuser, C.R., Robb, L.J., 1980. Regional and detailed field and geochemical studies of Archaean trondhjemitic gneisses, migmatites and greenstone xenoliths in the southern part of the Barberton mountain land, South Africa. Precambrian Res. 11, 373-397.
7. Anhaeusser, C.R.,Robb, L.J., 1983. Geological and geochemical characteristics of the Heerenveen and Mpuluzi batholiths south of the Barberton greenstone belt and preliminary thoughts on their petrogenesis. Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. S. Afr. 9, 131-152.
8. Anhaeusser, C.R., Robb, L.J., Barton, J.M. Jr., 1983a. Mineralogy, petrology and origin of the Boesmanskop syeno-granite complex, Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa. Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. S. Afr. 9, 169-183.
9. Anhaeusser, C.R., Robb, L.J., Viljoen, M.J., 1983b. Notes on the provisional geological map of the Barberton greenstone belt and surrounding granitic terrane, eastern Transvaal and Swaziland (1:250 000 colour map). Trans. Geol. Soc. S. Afr. 9, 221-223.
10. Armstrong, R.A., Compston, W., De Wit, M.J., Williams, I.S., 1990. The stratigraphy of the 3.5-3.2 Ga Barberton greenstone belt revisited; a single zircon ion microprobe study. Earth Planet Sci. Lett. 101 (1), 90-106.
11. Chernoff, C.B., Carlson, W.D., 1999. Trace element zoning as a record of chemical disequilibrium during garnet growth. Geology 27, 555-558.
12. Cloete, M., 1991. An overview of metamorphism in the Barberton greenstone belt. In: Ashwal, L.D. (Ed.), Two Cratons and an Orogen - Excursion Guidebook and Review Articles for a Field Workshop through Selected Archaean Terranes of Swaziland, South Africa and Zimbabwe, IGCP Project 280, Dept. of Geology, Univ. Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, pp. 85-98.
13. Cloete, M., 1999. Aspects of volcanism and metamorphism of the Onverwacht Group lavas in the southwestern portion of the Barberton greenstone belt. Mem. Geol. Surv. S. Afr. 84, 232.
14. Compston, W., Williams, I.S., Kirschvink, J.L., Zhang, Z., Ma, G., 1992. Zircon U-Pb ages for the early Cambrian timescale. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 149, 171-184.
15. De Ronde, C.E.J., De Wit, M.J., 1994. Tectonic history of the Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa; 490 million years of Archaean crustal evolution. Tectonics 13 (4), 983-1005.
16. De Ronde, C.E.J., De Wit, M.J., Spooner, E.T.C., 1994. Early Archaean (> 3.2 Ga) Fe-oxide-rich, hydrothermal discharge veins in the Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 106, 86-104.
17. De Ronde, C.E.J., Kamo, S.L., 2000. An Archaean arc-arc collisional event: A short-lived (ca. 3 Myr) episode, Weltevreden area, Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa. J. Afr. Earth Sci. 2, 219-248.
18. De Wit, M.J., 1982. Gliding and overthrust nappe tectonics in the Barberton greenstone belt. J. Struct. Geol. 4(2), 117-136.
19. De Wit, M.J., 1991. Archaean greenstone belt tectonism and basin development: Some insights from the Barberton and Pietersburg greenstone belts, Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa. J. Afr. Earth Sci. 13 (1), 45-63.
20. De Wit, M.J., Fripp, R.E.P., Stanistreet, I.G., 1983. Tectonic and stratigraphic implications of new field observations along the southern part of the Barberton greenstone belt. Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. S. Afr. 9, 21-30.
21. De Wit, M.J., Armstrong, R.A., Hart, R.J., Wilson, A.H., 1987a. Felsic igneous rocks within the 3.3-3.5-Ga Barberton greenstone belt: High crustal level equivalents of the surrounding tonalite-trondhjemite terrain, emplaced during thrusting. Tectonis 5, 529-549.
22. De Wit, M.J., Hart, R.A., Hart, R.J., 1987b. The Jamestown ophiolite complex, Barberton mountain belt; a section through 3.5 Ga oceanic crust. J. Afr. Earth Sci. 6 (5), 681-730.
23. Dziggel, A., Stevens, G., Armstrong, R.A., Droop, G.T.R., Poujol, M., Anhaeusser, C.R., 2001. Metamorphism during terrane accretion in the Barberton greenstone belt. Extended Abstract, 4th International Archaean Symposium, Perth.
24. Eckert, J.O., Newton, R.C., Kleppa, O.J., 1991. The ΔH of reaction and recalibration of garnet-pyroxene-plagioclasequartz geobarometers in the CMAS system by solution calorimetry. Am. Miner. 76, 148-160.
25. Ellis, D.J., 1980. Osumilite-sapphirine-quartz granulites from Enderby Land, Antarctica: P-T conditions of metamorphism, implications for garnet-cordierite equilibria and the evolution of the deep crust. Contrib. Miner. Petrol. 74, 201-210.
26. Ellis, D.J., Green, E.H., 1979. An experimental study of the effect of Ca upon garnet-clinopyroxene Fe-Mg exchange equilibria. Contrib. Miner. Petrol. 71, 13-22.
27. Ganguly, J., 1979. Garnet and clinopyroxene solid solutions and geothermometry based on Fe-Mg distribution coefficient. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 43, 1021-1029.
28. Grove, T.L., Baker, M.B., Kinzler, R.J., 1984. Coupled CaAl-NaSi diffusion in plagioclase feldspar: Experiments and applications to cooling rate speedometry. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 48, 2113-2121.
29. Harley, S.L., 1984. An experimental study of the partitioning of Fe and Mg between garnet and orthopyroxene. Contrib. Miner. Petrol. 86, 359-373.
30. Harris, P.D., Robb, L.J., Tomkinson, M.J., 1993. The nature and structural setting of rare-element pegmatites along the northern flank of the Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa. Inform. Circ. Econ. Geol. Res. Unit, Univ. Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 261, pp.28.
31. Holdaway, M.J., 1971. Stability of andalusite and the aluminum phase diagram. Am. J. Sci. 271, 97-131.
32. Holland, T.J.B., 1980. The reaction albite = jadeite + quartz determined experimentally in the range 600-1200 °C. Am. Miner. 65, 129-134.
33. Holland, T.J.B., Blundy, J., 1994. Non-ideal interactions in calcic amphiboles and their bearing on amphibole-plagioclase thermometry. Contrib. Miner. Petrol. 116, 433-447.
34. Holland, T.J.B., Powell, R., 1998. An internally consistent thermodynamic dataset for phases of petrological interest. J. Metamorphic Geol. 16, 309-343.
35. Kamo, S.L., Davis, D.W., 1994. Reassessment of Archaean crustal development in the Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa, based on U-Pb dating. Tectonics 13 (1), 165-192.
36. Kisters, A.F.M., Anhaeusser, C.R., 1995a. The structural significance of the Steynsdorp pluton and anticline within the tectono-magmatic framework of the Barberton Mountain Land. S. Afr. J. Geol. 98 (1), 43-51.
37. Kisters, A.F.M., Anhaeusser, C.R., 1995b. Emplacement features of Archaean TTG plutons along the southern margin of the Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa. Precambrian Res. 75, 1-15.
38. Kohn, M.J., Orange, D.L., Spear, F.S., Rumble, D., Harrison, T.M., 1992. Pressure, temperature, and structural evolution of west-central New Hampshire: Hot thrusts over cold basement. J. Petrol. 33, 521-556.
39. Kretz, R., 1983. Symbols for rock-forming minerals. Am. Miner. 68, 277-279.
40. Krogh, T.E., 1982. Improved accuracy of U-Pb ages by the creation of more concordant systems using an air abrasion technique. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 46, 617-649.
41. Kröner, A., Compston, W., 1988. Ion microprobe ages of zircons from early Archaean granite pebbles and greywacke, Barberton greenstone belt, southern Africa. Precambrian Res. 38, 367-380.
42. Kröner, A., Byerly, G.R., Lowe, D.R., 1991. Chronology of early Archaean granite-greenstone evolution in the Barberton mountain land, South Africa, based on precise dating by single zircon evaporation. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 103, 41-54.
43. Kröner, A., Hegner, E., Wendt, J.I., Byerly, G.R., 1996. The oldest part of the Barberton granitoid-greenstone terrain, South Africa, evidence for crust formation between 3.5 and 3.7 Ga. Precambrian Res. 78, 105-124.
44. Lancelot, J., Vitrac, A., Allegre, C.J., 1976. Uranium and lead isotopic dating with grain by grain zircon analysis: a study of complex geological history with a single rock. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 29, 357-366.
45. Leake, B.E., Wooley, A.R., Arps, C.E.S., Birch, W.D., Gilbert, M.C., Grice, J.D., Hawthorne, F.C., Kato, A., Kisch, H.J., Krivovichek, V.G., Linthout, K., Laird, J., Mandarino, J., Maresch, W.V., Nickel, E.H., Rock, N.M.S., Schumacher, J.C., Smith, D.C., Stephenson, N.C.N., Ungaretti, L., Whitaker, E.J.W., Youzhi, G., 1997. Nomenclature of amphiboles, report of the subcommittee on amphiboles of the international mineralogical association commission on new minerals and mineral names. Eur. J. Miner. 9 (3), 623-651.
46. 39Ar ages for terrestrial rocks: Barberton mountain komatiites. Nature 307, 352-354.
47. Lowe, D.R., 1994. Accretionary history of the Archaean Barberton greenstone belt (3.55-3.22 Ga), South Africa. Geology 22, 1099-1102.
48. Lowe, D.R., 1999. Geologic evolution of the Barberton greenstone belt and vicinity. In: Lowe, D.R., Byerly, G.R. (Eds.), Geologic Evolution of the Barberton Greenstone
49. Belt, South Africa. Spec. Paper Geol. Soc. Am., 329, pp. 287-312.
50. Ludwig, K.R., 1993. A computer program for processing Pb-U-Th isotope data, version 1.24, Denver. Open File Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. 88-542, 32.
51. Ludwig, K.R., 2000. Isoplot/Ex: A Geochronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel. Berkeley Geochronology Centre, Berkeley, California.
52. Ludwig, K.R., 2000. SQUID 1.00, A User's Manual; Berkeley Geochronology Centre Spec. Publ. 2, Berkeley, California, pp. 17.
53. Paces, J.B., Miller, J.D. Jr., 1993. Precise U-Pb ages of Duluth Complex and related mafic intrusions, northeastern Minnesota: Geochronological insights to physical, petrogenetic, paleomagnetic and tectonomagmatic processes associated with the 1.1 Ga midcontinent rift system. J. Geophys. Res. B98, 13997-14013.
54. 2O to 15 kbar total pressure. Prog. in Exper. Petrol., NERC London, 3rd Rep. pp. 41-45.
55. Poller, U., Liebetrau, V., Todt, W., 1997. U-Pb single-zircon dating under cathodoluminescence control (CLC-method): application to polymetamorphic orthogneisses. Chem. Geol. 139, 287-297.
56. Powell, R., 1985. Regression diagnostics and robust regression in geothermometer/geobarometer calibration: The garnetclinopyroxene geothermometer revisited. J. Metamorphic Geol. 2, 33-42.
57. Powell, R., Holland, T.J.B., 1988. An internally consistent dataset with uncertainties and correlations: 3. Applications to geobarometry, worked examples and a computer program. J. Metamorphic Geol. 6, 173-204.
58. Rapp, R.P., 1997. Heterogeneous source regions for Archaean granitoids: Experimental and geochemical evidence. In: de Wit, M.J., Ashwal, L.D. (Eds.), Greenstone Belts. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 267-279.
59. Rapp, R.P., Watson, E.B., Miller, C.F., 1991. Partial melting of amphibolite/eclogite and the origin of Archaean trondhjemites and tonalities. Precambrian Res. 51, 1-25.
60. Robb, L.J., 1983a. Geological and chemical characteristics of late granite plutons in the Barberton region and Swaziland with an emphasis on the Dalmein pluton - a review. Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. S. Afr. 9, 153-167.
61. Robb, L.J., 1983b. The nature, origin and significance of Archaean migmatites in the Barberton mountain land: A new approach in the assessment of early crustal evolution. Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. S. Afr. 9, 81-101.
62. Robb, L.J., Armstrong, R.A., Waters, D.J., 1999. The history of granulite-facies metamorphism and crustal growth from single zircon U-Pb geochronology: Namaqualand, South Africa. J. Petrol. 40 (12), 1747-1770.
63. Spear, F.S., 1988. Metamorphic fractional crystallisation and internal metasomatism by diffusional homogenization of zoned garnets. Contrib. Miner. Petrol. 99, 507-517.
64. Spear, F.S., 1993. Metamorphic phase equilibria and pressure-temperature-time path. Monograph Miner. Soc. Am., 799.
65. Spear, F.S., Kohn, M.J., Florence, F.P., Menard, T., 1991. A model for garnet and plagioclase growth in pelitic schists: Implications for thermobarometry and P-T path determinations. J. Metamorphic Geol. 8, 683-696.
66. Stacey, J.S., Kramers, J.D., 1975. Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two stage model. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 26, 207-221.
67. Stevens, G., Droop, G.T.R., Armstrong, R.A., Anhaeusser, C.R., (in press). The Schapenburg schist belt: Amphibolite facies metamorphism in Fig Tree Group metasediments as a consequence of c.3.23 Ga terrane accretion in the Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa (submitted to J. Metamorphic Geol.).
68. Viljoen, M.J., Viljoen, R.P., 1969. An introduction to the geology of the Barberton granite-greenstone terrain. Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. S. Afr. 2, 9-28.
69. Williams, I.S., Claesson, S., 1987. Isotopic evidence for the Precambrian provenance and Caledonian metamorphism of high grade paragneisses from the Seve Nappes, Scandinavian Caledonides. II. Ion microprobe zircon U-Th-Pb. Contrib. Miner. Petrol. 97, 205-217.
70. Witt-Eickschen, G., Seck, H.A., 1991. Solubility of Ca and Al in orthopyroxene from spinel peridotite: An improved version of an empirical geothermometer. Contrib. Miner. Petrol. 106, 431-439.
71. Wyllie, P.J., Wolf, M.B., van der Laan, S.R., 1997. Conditions for formation of tonalities and trondhjemites: Magmatic sources and products. In: de Wit, M.J., Ashwal, L.D. (Eds.), Greenstone Belts. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 256-266.
72. Xie, X., Byerly, G.R., Ferrell, R.E. Jr., 1997. IIb trioctahedral chlorite from the Barberton greenstone belt; crystal structure and rock composition constraints with implications to geothermometry. Contrib. Miner. Petrol. 126 (3), 275-291.