Protamine is a low molecular weight polycationic amine that produces actions on cardiac muscle

Life Sciences

Volumn 72, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 293-305

  Pugsley, Michael K ^a   Kalra, Vikram ^a   Froebel Wilson, Sarah ^b  

^a XOMA Corporation   (United States)

^b BAYER AG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Arrhythmia; Cationic protein; Electrocardiogram (EKG); Hypotension

Indexed keywords

AMINE; ELECTROLYTE; ENZYME; PROTAMINE;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION; BLOOD CHEMISTRY; BLOOD PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECT; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG MECHANISM; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; ELECTROLYTE BLOOD LEVEL; ENZYME BLOOD LEVEL; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEART FUNCTION; HEART MUSCLE; HEART MUSCLE CONTRACTILITY; HEART OUTPUT; HEART PREEXCITATION; HEART RATE; HEART STROKE VOLUME; ISOLATED HEART; MALE; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; MYOCARDIAL DISEASE; NONHUMAN; QRS COMPLEX; QT INTERVAL;

ANIMALS; ARRHYTHMIA; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; HEART; HEMODYNAMIC PROCESSES; MALE; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION; ORGAN CULTURE TECHNIQUES; POLYAMINES; PROTAMINES; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY;

EID: 0037032605     PISSN: 00243205     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0024-3205(02)02245-2     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Strausbaugh L.J. Intracarotid infusions of protamine sulfate disrupt the blood-brain barrier of rabbits. Brain Research. 409:1987;221-226.
2. Delaria G.A., Tyner J.J., Hayes C.L., Armstrong B.W. Heparin-protamine mismatch. A controllable factor in bleeding after open heart surgery. Archives of Surgery. 129:1994;944-950.
3. Codispoti M., Mankad P.S. Management of anticoagulation and its reversal during paediatric cardiopulmonary bypass: a review of current UK practice. Perfusion. 15:2000;191-201.
4. Hobbhahn J., Conzen P.F., Habazettl H., Gutmann R., Kellermann W., Peter K. Heparin reversal by protamine in humans-complement, prostaglandins, blood cells, and hemodynamics. Journal of Applied Physiology. 71:1991;1415-1421.
5. Hobbhahn J., Habazettl H., Conzen P.F., Peter K. Complications caused by protamine. 1: Pharmacology and pathophysiology. Anaesthetist. 40:1991;365-374.
6. Goldman B.S., Joison J., Austen W.G. Cardiovascular effects of protamine sulfate. Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 7:1969;459-471.
7. Fadali M.A., Papacostas C.A., Duke J.J., Ledbetter J., Osbakken M. Cardiovascular depressant effect of protamine sulphate: experimental study and clinical implications. Thorax. 31:1976;320-323.
8. Brody J.S., Vaccaro N.S., Hill N.A., Rounds S. Binding of charged ferritin to alveolar wall components and charge selectivity of macromolecular transport in permeability pulmonary edema in rats. Circulation Research. 55:1984;155-167.
9. Lowenstein E., Zapl W.M. Protamine reactions, explosive mediator release, and pulmonary vasoconstriction. Anesthesiology. 73:1990;373-375.
10. Shapira N., Schatt H.V., Piehler J.M., White R.D., Still J.C., Pluth J.R. Cardiovascular effects of protamine sulfate in man. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 84:1982;505-514.
11. Pearson P.J., Evora P.R., Ayrancioglu K., Schaff H.V. Protamine releases endothelium-derived relaxing factor from systemic arteries. A possible mechanism of hypotension during heparin neutralization. Circulation. 86:1992;289-294.
12. Lin C.I., Luk H.N., Wei J., Tsao S.J. Electromechanical effects of protamine in isolated human atrial and canine ventricular tissues. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 68:1989;479-485.
13. Park W.K., Pancrazio J.J., Lynch C. III Mechanical and electrophysiological effects of protamine on isolated ventricular myocardium: evidence for calcium overload. Cardiovascular Research. 28:1994;505-514.
14. Penz W.P., Pugsley M.K., Hsieh M.-J., Walker M.J.A. A new ECG measure (RSh) for detecting possible sodium channel blockade in vivo in rats. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods. 27:1992;51-58.
15. Hayes E., Pugsley M.K., Penz W.P., Adaikan G., Walker M.J.A. Relationship between Q-aT and RR intervals in rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, and primates. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods. 32:1994;201-207.
16. Mainland D., Herrera L., Sutcliffe M.I. Statistical Tables for use with Binomial Samples - Contingency Tests, Confidence Limits and Sample Size Estimates. 1956;Department of Medical Statistical Publishers, New York.
17. Kertesz R., Walker M.J.A. The cardiovascular effects of protamine in rats and isolated rat heart. Proceedings of the Western Pharmacology Society. 36:1993;53-57.
18. Halpern P., Hochhauser E., Puzhevsky A., Rudick A., Sorkine P., Vidine B. The isolated post ischaemic rat heart is more vulnerable to protamine sulphate than the non-ischaemic heart. Cardiovascular Surgery. 5:1997;235-240.
19. Horrow J.C. Protamine: a review of its toxicity. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 64:1985;348-361.
20. Wakefield T.W., Bies L.E., Wrobleski S.K., Bolling S.F., Stanley J.C., Kirsch M.M. Impaired myocardial function and oxygen utilization due to protamine sulfate in an isolated rabbit heart preparation. Annals of Surgery. 212:1990;387-393.
21. Hird R.B., Crawford F.A., Spinale F.G. Differential effects of protamine sulfate on myocyte contractile function with left ventricular failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 25:1995;773-780.
22. Hird R.B., Wakefield T.W., Mukherjee R., Jones B.U., Crawford F.A., Andrews P.C., Stanley J.C., Spinale F.G. Direct effects of protamine sulfate on myocyte contractile processes. Cellular and molecular mechanisms. Circulation. 92(9 Suppl. II):1995;433-446.
23. Green W.R., Anderson O.S. Surface charges and ion channel function. Annual Review of Physiology. 53:1991;341-359.
24. Sunnergren K.P., Fairman R.P., deBlois G.G., Glauser F.L. Effects of protamine, heparinase, and hyaluronidase on endothelial permeability and surface charge. Journal of Applied Physiology. 63(5):1987;1987-1992.
25. Vehaskari V.M., Chang C.T.-C., Stevens J.K., Robson A.M. The effects of polycations on vascular permeability in the rat: a proposed role for charged sites. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 73:1984;1053-1061.
26. Granger D.N., Kvietys P.R., Perry M.A., Taylor A.E. Charge selectivity of rat intestinal capillaries: influence of polycations. Gastroenterology. 91:1986;1443-1446.
27. David J.S., Vivien B., LeCarpentier Y., Coriat P., Riou B. Extracellular calcium modulates the effects of protamine on rat myocardium. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 92:2001;817-823.
28. +-dependent ATPase and on the active transport processes of potassium and of L-DOPA into brain slices. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry. 43:1965;841-849.
29. Green W.N., Anderson O.S. Tetrodotoxin, saxitoxin and the molecular biology of the sodium channel. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 479:1986;306-312.
30. Coraboeuf E., Carmeleit E. Existence of two transient outward currents in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers. Pflugers Archives of Pharmacology. 392:1982;352-359.
31. Caplan R.A., Su J.Y. Differences in threshold for protamine toxicity in isolated atrial and ventricular tissue. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 63:1984;1111-1115.
32. Pugsley M.K., Kalra V., Froebel-Wilson S., Aardalen K. A characterization of the cardiovascular properties of protamine in rats. Proceedings of the Western Pharmacology Society. 44:2001;33-36.