Helical (isotactic) and syndiotactic silver(I) metallo-supramolecular coordination polymers assembled from a readily prepared bis-pyridylimine ligand containing a 1,5-naphthalene spacer

Chemistry - A European Journal

Volumn 8, Issue 21, 2002, Pages 4957-4964

  Tuna, Floriana ^a   Hamblin, Jacqueline ^a   Clarkson, Guy ^a   Errington, William ^a   Alcock, Nathaniel W ^a   Hannon, Michael J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Helical structures; N ligands; Polymers; Silver; Supramolecular chemistry

Indexed keywords

AROMATIC COMPOUNDS; COORDINATION REACTIONS; NEGATIVE IONS; POLYMERS;

LIGANDS;

SILVER;

ANION; BISPYRIDYLIMINE; CARBON; COORDINATION COMPOUND; HYDROGEN; LIGAND; METAL; NAPHTHALENE; NITROGEN; POLYMER; SILVER; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; IMINE; PYRIDINE; PYRIDINE DERIVATIVE; SILVER DERIVATIVE;

ARTICLE; BINDING SITE; CHEMICAL BOND; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; DIASTEREOISOMER; MOLECULAR INTERACTION; POLYMERIZATION; SOLID STATE; SOLVATION; SUPRAMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY; CHEMISTRY; DRUG DESIGN;

DRUG DESIGN; IMINES; LIGANDS; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; POLYMERS; PYRIDINES; SILVER COMPOUNDS;

EID: 0037021023     PISSN: 09476539     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20021104)8:21<4957::AID-CHEM4957>3.0.CO;2-N     Document Type: Article

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41. B. Hasenknopf, J.-M. Lehn, N. Boumediene, A. Dupont Gervais, A. Van Dorsselaer, B. O. Kneisel, D. Fenske, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 10956-10962; B. Hasenknopf, J. M. Lehn, B. O. Kneisel, G. Baum, D. Fenske, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1987-1990; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1838-1846; O. Mamula, A. von Zelewsky, G. Bernardinelli, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 301-305; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 290-293; P. L. Jones, K. J. Byrom, J. C. Jeffery, J. A. McCleverty, M.D. Ward, Chem. Commun. 1997, 1361-1362; J. S. Fleming, K. L. V. Mann, C. A. Carraz, E. Psillakis, J. C. Jeffery, J. A. McCleverty. M. D. Ward, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 1315-1317; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1279-1281; G. Baum, E. C. Constable, D. Fenske, C. E. Housecroft, T. Kulke, Chem. Commun. 1999, 195-196; O. Mamula, F. J. Monlien, A. Porquet, G. Hopfgartner, A. E. Merbach, A. von Zelewsky, Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 533-539; C. Provent, E. Rivara-Minten, S. Hewage, G. Brunner, A. F. Williams, Chem, Eur. J. 1999, 5, 3487-3494; G. Hopfgartner, C. Piguet, J. D. Henion, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1994, 5, 748-756.
42. B. Hasenknopf, J.-M. Lehn, N. Boumediene, A. Dupont Gervais, A. Van Dorsselaer, B. O. Kneisel, D. Fenske, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 10956-10962; B. Hasenknopf, J. M. Lehn, B. O. Kneisel, G. Baum, D. Fenske, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1987-1990; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1838-1846; O. Mamula, A. von Zelewsky, G. Bernardinelli, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 301-305; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 290-293; P. L. Jones, K. J. Byrom, J. C. Jeffery, J. A. McCleverty, M.D. Ward, Chem. Commun. 1997, 1361-1362; J. S. Fleming, K. L. V. Mann, C. A. Carraz, E. Psillakis, J. C. Jeffery, J. A. McCleverty. M. D. Ward, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 1315-1317; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1279-1281; G. Baum, E. C. Constable, D. Fenske, C. E. Housecroft, T. Kulke, Chem. Commun. 1999, 195-196; O. Mamula, F. J. Monlien, A. Porquet, G. Hopfgartner, A. E. Merbach, A. von Zelewsky, Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 533-539; C. Provent, E. Rivara-Minten, S. Hewage, G. Brunner, A. F. Williams, Chem, Eur. J. 1999, 5, 3487-3494; G. Hopfgartner, C. Piguet, J. D. Henion, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1994, 5, 748-756.
43. B. Hasenknopf, J.-M. Lehn, N. Boumediene, A. Dupont Gervais, A. Van Dorsselaer, B. O. Kneisel, D. Fenske, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 10956-10962; B. Hasenknopf, J. M. Lehn, B. O. Kneisel, G. Baum, D. Fenske, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1987-1990; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1838-1846; O. Mamula, A. von Zelewsky, G. Bernardinelli, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 301-305; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 290-293; P. L. Jones, K. J. Byrom, J. C. Jeffery, J. A. McCleverty, M.D. Ward, Chem. Commun. 1997, 1361-1362; J. S. Fleming, K. L. V. Mann, C. A. Carraz, E. Psillakis, J. C. Jeffery, J. A. McCleverty, M. D. Ward, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 1315-1317; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1279-1281; G. Baum, E. C. Constable, D. Fenske, C. E. Housecroft, T. Kulke, Chem. Commun. 1999, 195-196; O. Mamula, F. J. Monlien, A. Porquet, G. Hopfgartner, A. E. Merbach, A. von Zelewsky, Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 533-539; C. Provent, E. Rivara-Minten, S. Hewage, G. Brunner, A. F. Williams, Chem, Eur. J. 1999, 5, 3487-3494; G. Hopfgartner, C. Piguet, J. D. Henion, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1994, 5, 748-756.
44. B. Hasenknopf, J.-M. Lehn, N. Boumediene, A. Dupont Gervais, A. Van Dorsselaer, B. O. Kneisel, D. Fenske, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 10956-10962; B. Hasenknopf, J. M. Lehn, B. O. Kneisel, G. Baum, D. Fenske, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1987-1990; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1838-1846; O. Mamula, A. von Zelewsky, G. Bernardinelli, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 301-305; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 290-293; P. L. Jones, K. J. Byrom, J. C. Jeffery, J. A. McCleverty, M.D. Ward, Chem. Commun. 1997, 1361-1362; J. S. Fleming, K. L. V. Mann, C. A. Carraz, E. Psillakis, J. C. Jeffery, J. A. McCleverty. M. D. Ward, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 1315-1317; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1279-1281; G. Baum, E. C. Constable, D. Fenske, C. E. Housecroft, T. Kulke, Chem. Commun. 1999, 195-196; O. Mamula, F. J. Monlien, A. Porquet, G. Hopfgartner, A. E. Merbach, A. von Zelewsky, Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 533-539; C. Provent, E. Rivara-Minten, S. Hewage, G. Brunner, A. F. Williams, Chem, Eur. J. 1999, 5, 3487-3494; G. Hopfgartner, C. Piguet, J. D. Henion, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1994, 5, 748-756.
45. B. Hasenknopf, J.-M. Lehn, N. Boumediene, A. Dupont Gervais, A. Van Dorsselaer, B. O. Kneisel, D. Fenske, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 10956-10962; B. Hasenknopf, J. M. Lehn, B. O. Kneisel, G. Baum, D. Fenske, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1987-1990; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1838-1846; O. Mamula, A. von Zelewsky, G. Bernardinelli, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 301-305; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 290-293; P. L. Jones, K. J. Byrom, J. C. Jeffery, J. A. McCleverty, M.D. Ward, Chem. Commun. 1997, 1361-1362; J. S. Fleming, K. L. V. Mann, C. A. Carraz, E. Psillakis, J. C. Jeffery, J. A. McCleverty. M. D. Ward, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 1315-1317; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1279-1281; G. Baum, E. C. Constable, D. Fenske, C. E. Housecroft, T. Kulke, Chem. Commun. 1999, 195-196; O. Mamula, F. J. Monlien, A. Porquet, G. Hopfgartner, A. E. Merbach, A. von Zelewsky, Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 533-539; C. Provent, E. Rivara-Minten, S. Hewage, G. Brunner, A. F. Williams, Chem, Eur. J. 1999, 5, 3487-3494; G. Hopfgartner, C. Piguet, J. D. Henion, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1994, 5, 748-756.
46. B. Hasenknopf, J.-M. Lehn, N. Boumediene, A. Dupont Gervais, A. Van Dorsselaer, B. O. Kneisel, D. Fenske, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 10956-10962; B. Hasenknopf, J. M. Lehn, B. O. Kneisel, G. Baum, D. Fenske, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1987-1990; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1838-1846; O. Mamula, A. von Zelewsky, G. Bernardinelli, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 301-305; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 290-293; P. L. Jones, K. J. Byrom, J. C. Jeffery, J. A. McCleverty, M.D. Ward, Chem. Commun. 1997, 1361-1362; J. S. Fleming, K. L. V. Mann, C. A. Carraz, E. Psillakis, J. C. Jeffery, J. A. McCleverty. M. D. Ward, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 1315-1317; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1279-1281; G. Baum, E. C. Constable, D. Fenske, C. E. Housecroft, T. Kulke, Chem. Commun. 1999, 195-196; O. Mamula, F. J. Monlien, A. Porquet, G. Hopfgartner, A. E. Merbach, A. von Zelewsky, Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 533-539; C. Provent, E. Rivara-Minten, S. Hewage, G. Brunner, A. F. Williams, Chem, Eur. J. 1999, 5, 3487-3494; G. Hopfgartner, C. Piguet, J. D. Henion, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1994, 5, 748-756.
47. B. Hasenknopf, J.-M. Lehn, N. Boumediene, A. Dupont Gervais, A. Van Dorsselaer, B. O. Kneisel, D. Fenske, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 10956-10962; B. Hasenknopf, J. M. Lehn, B. O. Kneisel, G. Baum, D. Fenske, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1987-1990; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1838-1846; O. Mamula, A. von Zelewsky, G. Bernardinelli, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 301-305; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 290-293; P. L. Jones, K. J. Byrom, J. C. Jeffery, J. A. McCleverty, M.D. Ward, Chem. Commun. 1997, 1361-1362; J. S. Fleming, K. L. V. Mann, C. A. Carraz, E. Psillakis, J. C. Jeffery, J. A. McCleverty. M. D. Ward, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 1315-1317; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1279-1281; G. Baum, E. C. Constable, D. Fenske, C. E. Housecroft, T. Kulke, Chem. Commun. 1999, 195-196; O. Mamula, F. J. Monlien, A. Porquet, G. Hopfgartner, A. E. Merbach, A. von Zelewsky, Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 533-539; C. Provent, E. Rivara-Minten, S. Hewage, G. Brunner, A. F. Williams, Chem, Eur. J. 1999, 5, 3487-3494; G. Hopfgartner, C. Piguet, J. D. Henion, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1994, 5, 748-756.
48. B. Hasenknopf, J.-M. Lehn, N. Boumediene, A. Dupont Gervais, A. Van Dorsselaer, B. O. Kneisel, D. Fenske, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 10956-10962; B. Hasenknopf, J. M. Lehn, B. O. Kneisel, G. Baum, D. Fenske, Angew. Chem. 1996, 108, 1987-1990; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1838-1846; O. Mamula, A. von Zelewsky, G. Bernardinelli, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 301-305; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 290-293; P. L. Jones, K. J. Byrom, J. C. Jeffery, J. A. McCleverty, M.D. Ward, Chem. Commun. 1997, 1361-1362; J. S. Fleming, K. L. V. Mann, C. A. Carraz, E. Psillakis, J. C. Jeffery, J. A. McCleverty. M. D. Ward, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 1315-1317; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1279-1281; G. Baum, E. C. Constable, D. Fenske, C. E. Housecroft, T. Kulke, Chem. Commun. 1999, 195-196; O. Mamula, F. J. Monlien, A. Porquet, G. Hopfgartner, A. E. Merbach, A. von Zelewsky, Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 533-539; C. Provent, E. Rivara-Minten, S. Hewage, G. Brunner, A. F. Williams, Chem, Eur. J. 1999, 5, 3487-3494; G. Hopfgartner, C. Piguet, J. D. Henion, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1994, 5, 748-756.
49. See for example: A. T. Vallina, H. Stoeckli-Evans, Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E: Struct. Rep. Online 2001, 57, m59-m61.
50. T. N. Parac, D. L. Caulder, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 8003-8004; D. L. Caulder, R. E. Powers, T. N. Parac, K. N. Raymond, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 1940-1943; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1840-1843.
51. T. N. Parac, D. L. Caulder, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 8003-8004; D. L. Caulder, R. E. Powers, T. N. Parac, K. N. Raymond, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 1940-1943; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1840-1843.
52. T. N. Parac, D. L. Caulder, K. N. Raymond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 8003-8004; D. L. Caulder, R. E. Powers, T. N. Parac, K. N. Raymond, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 1940-1943; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1840-1843.
53. O. Mamula, A. von Zelewsky, T. Bark, G. Bernardinelli, Angew. Chem. 1999, 111, 3129-3133; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2945-2948.
54. O. Mamula, A. von Zelewsky, T. Bark, G. Bernardinelli, Angew. Chem. 1999, 111, 3129-3133; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 2945-2948.
55. Dihedral angles are between planes defined by the pyridine ring, the napthalene ring and the imine group and its adjacent carbon atoms.
56. E. C. Kesslen, W. B. Euler, Chem. Mater. 1999, 11, 336-340.
57. The stereochemistry at carbon in covalent synthetic polymers also defines the relative positioning of substituents. Herein the tacticity refers to the relationship between the stereochemistry of the metal centres (although any ligand substituents would clearly also be positioned by the metal stereochemistry).
58. For discussions of C-H···X bonds see for example: T. Steiner, Chem. Commun. 1997, 727-734; T. Steiner, Chem. Commun. 1999, 313-314: G. R. Desiraju, Acc. Chem. Res. 1991, 24, 290-296; G. R. Desiraju, Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 441-449; For C-H···X bonds as a supramolecular control element see for example: K. N. Houk, S. Menzer, S. P. Newton, F. M. Raymo, J. F. Stoddart, D. J. Williams, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 1479-1487; J. M. A. Robinson, D. Philp, B. M. Kariuki, K. D. M. Harris, Chem. Commun. 1999, 329-330; V. R. Thalladi, H. C. Weiss, D. Blaser, R. Boese, A. Nangia, G. R. Desiraju, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 8702-8710 and references therein; for short contacts to anions see for example: M. L. Tong, H. K. Lee, X. M. Chen, R. B. Huang, T. C. W. Mak, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 1999, 3657-3659; C. V. K. Sharma, S. T. Griffin, R. D. Rogers, Chem. Commun. 1998, 215-216, and references therein.
59. For discussions of C-H···X bonds see for example: T. Steiner, Chem. Commun. 1997, 727-734; T. Steiner, Chem. Commun. 1999, 313-314: G. R. Desiraju, Acc. Chem. Res. 1991, 24, 290-296; G. R. Desiraju, Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 441-449; For C-H···X bonds as a supramolecular control element see for example: K. N. Houk, S. Menzer, S. P. Newton, F. M. Raymo, J. F. Stoddart, D. J. Williams, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 1479-1487; J. M. A. Robinson, D. Philp, B. M. Kariuki, K. D. M. Harris, Chem. Commun. 1999, 329-330; V. R. Thalladi, H. C. Weiss, D. Blaser, R. Boese, A. Nangia, G. R. Desiraju, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 8702-8710 and references therein; for short contacts to anions see for example: M. L. Tong, H. K. Lee, X. M. Chen, R. B. Huang, T. C. W. Mak, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 1999, 3657-3659; C. V. K. Sharma, S. T. Griffin, R. D. Rogers, Chem. Commun. 1998, 215-216, and references therein.
60. For discussions of C-H···X bonds see for example: T. Steiner, Chem. Commun. 1997, 727-734; T. Steiner, Chem. Commun. 1999, 313-314: G. R. Desiraju, Acc. Chem. Res. 1991, 24, 290-296; G. R. Desiraju, Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 441-449; For C-H···X bonds as a supramolecular control element see for example: K. N. Houk, S. Menzer, S. P. Newton, F. M. Raymo, J. F. Stoddart, D. J. Williams, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 1479-1487; J. M. A. Robinson, D. Philp, B. M. Kariuki, K. D. M. Harris, Chem. Commun. 1999, 329-330; V. R. Thalladi, H. C. Weiss, D. Blaser, R. Boese, A. Nangia, G. R. Desiraju, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 8702-8710 and references therein; for short contacts to anions see for example: M. L. Tong, H. K. Lee, X. M. Chen, R. B. Huang, T. C. W. Mak, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 1999, 3657-3659; C. V. K. Sharma, S. T. Griffin, R. D. Rogers, Chem. Commun. 1998, 215-216, and references therein.
61. For discussions of C-H···X bonds see for example: T. Steiner, Chem. Commun. 1997, 727-734; T. Steiner, Chem. Commun. 1999, 313-314: G. R. Desiraju, Acc. Chem. Res. 1991, 24, 290-296; G. R. Desiraju, Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 441-449; For C-H···X bonds as a supramolecular control element see for example: K. N. Houk, S. Menzer, S. P. Newton, F. M. Raymo, J. F. Stoddart, D. J. Williams, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 1479-1487; J. M. A. Robinson, D. Philp, B. M. Kariuki, K. D. M. Harris, Chem. Commun. 1999, 329-330; V. R. Thalladi, H. C. Weiss, D. Blaser, R. Boese, A. Nangia, G. R. Desiraju, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 8702-8710 and references therein; for short contacts to anions see for example: M. L. Tong, H. K. Lee, X. M. Chen, R. B. Huang, T. C. W. Mak, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 1999, 3657-3659; C. V. K. Sharma, S. T. Griffin, R. D. Rogers, Chem. Commun. 1998, 215-216, and references therein.
62. For discussions of C-H···X bonds see for example: T. Steiner, Chem. Commun. 1997, 727-734; T. Steiner, Chem. Commun. 1999, 313-314: G. R. Desiraju, Acc. Chem. Res. 1991, 24, 290-296; G. R. Desiraju, Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 441-449; For C-H···X bonds as a supramolecular control element see for example: K. N. Houk, S. Menzer, S. P. Newton, F. M. Raymo, J. F. Stoddart, D. J. Williams, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 1479-1487; J. M. A. Robinson, D. Philp, B. M. Kariuki, K. D. M. Harris, Chem. Commun. 1999, 329-330; V. R. Thalladi, H. C. Weiss, D. Blaser, R. Boese, A. Nangia, G. R. Desiraju, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 8702-8710 and references therein; for short contacts to anions see for example: M. L. Tong, H. K. Lee, X. M. Chen, R. B. Huang, T. C. W. Mak, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 1999, 3657-3659; C. V. K. Sharma, S. T. Griffin, R. D. Rogers, Chem. Commun. 1998, 215-216, and references therein.
63. For discussions of C-H···X bonds see for example: T. Steiner, Chem. Commun. 1997, 727-734; T. Steiner, Chem. Commun. 1999, 313-314: G. R. Desiraju, Acc. Chem. Res. 1991, 24, 290-296; G. R. Desiraju, Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 441-449; For C-H···X bonds as a supramolecular control element see for example: K. N. Houk, S. Menzer, S. P. Newton, F. M. Raymo, J. F. Stoddart, D. J. Williams, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 1479-1487; J. M. A. Robinson, D. Philp, B. M. Kariuki, K. D. M. Harris, Chem. Commun. 1999, 329-330; V. R. Thalladi, H. C. Weiss, D. Blaser, R. Boese, A. Nangia, G. R. Desiraju, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 8702-8710 and references therein; for short contacts to anions see for example: M. L. Tong, H. K. Lee, X. M. Chen, R. B. Huang, T. C. W. Mak, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 1999, 3657-3659; C. V. K. Sharma, S. T. Griffin, R. D. Rogers, Chem. Commun. 1998, 215-216, and references therein.
64. For discussions of C-H···X bonds see for example: T. Steiner, Chem. Commun. 1997, 727-734; T. Steiner, Chem. Commun. 1999, 313-314: G. R. Desiraju, Acc. Chem. Res. 1991, 24, 290-296; G. R. Desiraju, Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 441-449; For C-H···X bonds as a supramolecular control element see for example: K. N. Houk, S. Menzer, S. P. Newton, F. M. Raymo, J. F. Stoddart, D. J. Williams, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 1479-1487; J. M. A. Robinson, D. Philp, B. M. Kariuki, K. D. M. Harris, Chem. Commun. 1999, 329-330; V. R. Thalladi, H. C. Weiss, D. Blaser, R. Boese, A. Nangia, G. R. Desiraju, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 8702-8710 and references therein; for short contacts to anions see for example: M. L. Tong, H. K. Lee, X. M. Chen, R. B. Huang, T. C. W. Mak, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 1999, 3657-3659; C. V. K. Sharma, S. T. Griffin, R. D. Rogers, Chem. Commun. 1998, 215-216, and references therein.
65. For discussions of C-H···X bonds see for example: T. Steiner, Chem. Commun. 1997, 727-734; T. Steiner, Chem. Commun. 1999, 313-314: G. R. Desiraju, Acc. Chem. Res. 1991, 24, 290-296; G. R. Desiraju, Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 441-449; For C-H···X bonds as a supramolecular control element see for example: K. N. Houk, S. Menzer, S. P. Newton, F. M. Raymo, J. F. Stoddart, D. J. Williams, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 1479-1487; J. M. A. Robinson, D. Philp, B. M. Kariuki, K. D. M. Harris, Chem. Commun. 1999, 329-330; V. R. Thalladi, H. C. Weiss, D. Blaser, R. Boese, A. Nangia, G. R. Desiraju, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 8702-8710 and references therein; for short contacts to anions see for example: M. L. Tong, H. K. Lee, X. M. Chen, R. B. Huang, T. C. W. Mak, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 1999, 3657-3659; C. V. K. Sharma, S. T. Griffin, R. D. Rogers, Chem. Commun. 1998, 215-216, and references therein.
66. For discussions of C-H···X bonds see for example: T. Steiner, Chem. Commun. 1997, 727-734; T. Steiner, Chem. Commun. 1999, 313-314: G. R. Desiraju, Acc. Chem. Res. 1991, 24, 290-296; G. R. Desiraju, Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 441-449; For C-H···X bonds as a supramolecular control element see for example: K. N. Houk, S. Menzer, S. P. Newton, F. M. Raymo, J. F. Stoddart, D. J. Williams, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 1479-1487; J. M. A. Robinson, D. Philp, B. M. Kariuki, K. D. M. Harris, Chem. Commun. 1999, 329-330; V. R. Thalladi, H. C. Weiss, D. Blaser, R. Boese, A. Nangia, G. R. Desiraju, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 8702-8710 and references therein; for short contacts to anions see for example: M. L. Tong, H. K. Lee, X. M. Chen, R. B. Huang, T. C. W. Mak, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 1999, 3657-3659; C. V. K. Sharma, S. T. Griffin, R. D. Rogers, Chem. Commun. 1998, 215-216, and references therein.
67. See for example: W. W. Ellis, M. Schmitz, A. A. Arif, P. J. Stang, Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 2547-2557; B. Moulton, M. Zaworotko, Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 1629-1658; K. Biradha, C. Seward, M. Zaworotko, Angew. Chem. 1999, 111, 584-587; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 492-495; H. Iwamura, K. Inoue, N. Koga, New J. Chem. 1998, 201-210; L. Plasseraud, H. Maid, F. Hampel, R. W. Saalfrank, Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 4007-4011; P. L. Caradoc-Davies, L. R. Hanton, Chem. Commun. 2001, 1098-1099; K. A. Hirsch, S. R. Wilson, J. S. Moore, Chem. Commun. 1998, 13-14; 13-14; N. Masciocchi, G. A. Ardizzoia, G. LaMonica, A. Maspero, A. Sioni, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 3561-3564; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 3366-3369; T. Ezuhara, K. Endo, Y. Aoyama, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 3279-3283; A. N. Khlobystov, A. J. Blake, N. R. Champness, D. A. Lemenovskii, A. G. Majouga, N. V. Zyk, M. Schroder, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2001, 222, 155-192; M. Hong, W. Su, R. Cao. M. Fujita, J. Lu, Chem. Eur. J. 2000, 6, 427-431.
68. See for example: W. W. Ellis, M. Schmitz, A. A. Arif, P. J. Stang, Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 2547-2557; B. Moulton, M. Zaworotko, Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 1629-1658; K. Biradha, C. Seward, M. Zaworotko, Angew. Chem. 1999, 111, 584-587; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 492-495; H. Iwamura, K. Inoue, N. Koga, New J. Chem. 1998, 201-210; L. Plasseraud, H. Maid, F. Hampel, R. W. Saalfrank, Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 4007-4011; P. L. Caradoc-Davies, L. R. Hanton, Chem. Commun. 2001, 1098-1099; K. A. Hirsch, S. R. Wilson, J. S. Moore, Chem. Commun. 1998, 13-14; 13-14; N. Masciocchi, G. A. Ardizzoia, G. LaMonica, A. Maspero, A. Sioni, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 3561-3564; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 3366-3369; T. Ezuhara, K. Endo, Y. Aoyama, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 3279-3283; A. N. Khlobystov, A. J. Blake, N. R. Champness, D. A. Lemenovskii, A. G. Majouga, N. V. Zyk, M. Schroder, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2001, 222, 155-192; M. Hong, W. Su, R. Cao. M. Fujita, J. Lu, Chem. Eur. J. 2000, 6, 427-431.
69. See for example: W. W. Ellis, M. Schmitz, A. A. Arif, P. J. Stang, Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 2547-2557; B. Moulton, M. Zaworotko, Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 1629-1658; K. Biradha, C. Seward, M. Zaworotko, Angew. Chem. 1999, 111, 584-587; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 492-495; H. Iwamura, K. Inoue, N. Koga, New J. Chem. 1998, 201-210; L. Plasseraud, H. Maid, F. Hampel, R. W. Saalfrank, Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 4007-4011; P. L. Caradoc-Davies, L. R. Hanton, Chem. Commun. 2001, 1098-1099; K. A. Hirsch, S. R. Wilson, J. S. Moore, Chem. Commun. 1998, 13-14; 13-14; N. Masciocchi, G. A. Ardizzoia, G. LaMonica, A. Maspero, A. Sioni, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 3561-3564; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 3366-3369; T. Ezuhara, K. Endo, Y. Aoyama, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 3279-3283; A. N. Khlobystov, A. J. Blake, N. R. Champness, D. A. Lemenovskii, A. G. Majouga, N. V. Zyk, M. Schroder, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2001, 222, 155-192; M. Hong, W. Su, R. Cao. M. Fujita, J. Lu, Chem. Eur. J. 2000, 6, 427-431.
70. See for example: W. W. Ellis, M. Schmitz, A. A. Arif, P. J. Stang, Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 2547-2557; B. Moulton, M. Zaworotko, Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 1629-1658; K. Biradha, C. Seward, M. Zaworotko, Angew. Chem. 1999, 111, 584-587; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 492-495; H. Iwamura, K. Inoue, N. Koga, New J. Chem. 1998, 201-210; L. Plasseraud, H. Maid, F. Hampel, R. W. Saalfrank, Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 4007-4011; P. L. Caradoc-Davies, L. R. Hanton, Chem. Commun. 2001, 1098-1099; K. A. Hirsch, S. R. Wilson, J. S. Moore, Chem. Commun. 1998, 13-14; 13-14; N. Masciocchi, G. A. Ardizzoia, G. LaMonica, A. Maspero, A. Sioni, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 3561-3564; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 3366-3369; T. Ezuhara, K. Endo, Y. Aoyama, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 3279-3283; A. N. Khlobystov, A. J. Blake, N. R. Champness, D. A. Lemenovskii, A. G. Majouga, N. V. Zyk, M. Schroder, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2001, 222, 155-192; M. Hong, W. Su, R. Cao. M. Fujita, J. Lu, Chem. Eur. J. 2000, 6, 427-431.
71. See for example: W. W. Ellis, M. Schmitz, A. A. Arif, P. J. Stang, Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 2547-2557; B. Moulton, M. Zaworotko, Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 1629-1658; K. Biradha, C. Seward, M. Zaworotko, Angew. Chem. 1999, 111, 584-587; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 492-495; H. Iwamura, K. Inoue, N. Koga, New J. Chem. 1998, 201-210; L. Plasseraud, H. Maid, F. Hampel, R. W. Saalfrank, Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 4007-4011; P. L. Caradoc-Davies, L. R. Hanton, Chem. Commun. 2001, 1098-1099; K. A. Hirsch, S. R. Wilson, J. S. Moore, Chem. Commun. 1998, 13-14; 13-14; N. Masciocchi, G. A. Ardizzoia, G. LaMonica, A. Maspero, A. Sioni, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 3561-3564; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 3366-3369; T. Ezuhara, K. Endo, Y. Aoyama, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 3279-3283; A. N. Khlobystov, A. J. Blake, N. R. Champness, D. A. Lemenovskii, A. G. Majouga, N. V. Zyk, M. Schroder, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2001, 222, 155-192; M. Hong, W. Su, R. Cao. M. Fujita, J. Lu, Chem. Eur. J. 2000, 6, 427-431.
72. See for example: W. W. Ellis, M. Schmitz, A. A. Arif, P. J. Stang, Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 2547-2557; B. Moulton, M. Zaworotko, Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 1629-1658; K. Biradha, C. Seward, M. Zaworotko, Angew. Chem. 1999, 111, 584-587; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 492-495; H. Iwamura, K. Inoue, N. Koga, New J. Chem. 1998, 201-210; L. Plasseraud, H. Maid, F. Hampel, R. W. Saalfrank, Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 4007-4011; P. L. Caradoc-Davies, L. R. Hanton, Chem. Commun. 2001, 1098-1099; K. A. Hirsch, S. R. Wilson, J. S. Moore, Chem. Commun. 1998, 13-14; 13-14; N. Masciocchi, G. A. Ardizzoia, G. LaMonica, A. Maspero, A. Sioni, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 3561-3564; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 3366-3369; T. Ezuhara, K. Endo, Y. Aoyama, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 3279-3283; A. N. Khlobystov, A. J. Blake, N. R. Champness, D. A. Lemenovskii, A. G. Majouga, N. V. Zyk, M. Schroder, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2001, 222, 155-192; M. Hong, W. Su, R. Cao. M. Fujita, J. Lu, Chem. Eur. J. 2000, 6, 427-431.
73. See for example: W. W. Ellis, M. Schmitz, A. A. Arif, P. J. Stang, Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 2547-2557; B. Moulton, M. Zaworotko, Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 1629-1658; K. Biradha, C. Seward, M. Zaworotko, Angew. Chem. 1999, 111, 584-587; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 492-495; H. Iwamura, K. Inoue, N. Koga, New J. Chem. 1998, 201-210; L. Plasseraud, H. Maid, F. Hampel, R. W. Saalfrank, Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 4007-4011; P. L. Caradoc-Davies, L. R. Hanton, Chem. Commun. 2001, 1098-1099; K. A. Hirsch, S. R. Wilson, J. S. Moore, Chem. Commun. 1998, 13-14; 13-14; N. Masciocchi, G. A. Ardizzoia, G. LaMonica, A. Maspero, A. Sioni, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 3561-3564; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 3366-3369; T. Ezuhara, K. Endo, Y. Aoyama, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 3279-3283; A. N. Khlobystov, A. J. Blake, N. R. Champness, D. A. Lemenovskii, A. G. Majouga, N. V. Zyk, M. Schroder, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2001, 222, 155-192; M. Hong, W. Su, R. Cao. M. Fujita, J. Lu, Chem. Eur. J. 2000, 6, 427-431.
74. See for example: W. W. Ellis, M. Schmitz, A. A. Arif, P. J. Stang, Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 2547-2557; B. Moulton, M. Zaworotko, Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 1629-1658; K. Biradha, C. Seward, M. Zaworotko, Angew. Chem. 1999, 111, 584-587; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 492-495; H. Iwamura, K. Inoue, N. Koga, New J. Chem. 1998, 201-210; L. Plasseraud, H. Maid, F. Hampel, R. W. Saalfrank, Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 4007-4011; P. L. Caradoc-Davies, L. R. Hanton, Chem. Commun. 2001, 1098-1099; K. A. Hirsch, S. R. Wilson, J. S. Moore, Chem. Commun. 1998, 13-14; 13-14; N. Masciocchi, G. A. Ardizzoia, G. LaMonica, A. Maspero, A. Sioni, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 3561-3564; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 3366-3369; T. Ezuhara, K. Endo, Y. Aoyama, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 3279-3283; A. N. Khlobystov, A. J. Blake, N. R. Champness, D. A. Lemenovskii, A. G. Majouga, N. V. Zyk, M. Schroder, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2001, 222, 155-192; M. Hong, W. Su, R. Cao. M. Fujita, J. Lu, Chem. Eur. J. 2000, 6, 427-431.
75. See for example: W. W. Ellis, M. Schmitz, A. A. Arif, P. J. Stang, Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 2547-2557; B. Moulton, M. Zaworotko, Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 1629-1658; K. Biradha, C. Seward, M. Zaworotko, Angew. Chem. 1999, 111, 584-587; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 492-495; H. Iwamura, K. Inoue, N. Koga, New J. Chem. 1998, 201-210; L. Plasseraud, H. Maid, F. Hampel, R. W. Saalfrank, Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 4007-4011; P. L. Caradoc-Davies, L. R. Hanton, Chem. Commun. 2001, 1098-1099; K. A. Hirsch, S. R. Wilson, J. S. Moore, Chem. Commun. 1998, 13-14; 13-14; N. Masciocchi, G. A. Ardizzoia, G. LaMonica, A. Maspero, A. Sioni, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 3561-3564; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 3366-3369; T. Ezuhara, K. Endo, Y. Aoyama, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 3279-3283; A. N. Khlobystov, A. J. Blake, N. R. Champness, D. A. Lemenovskii, A. G. Majouga, N. V. Zyk, M. Schroder, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2001, 222, 155-192; M. Hong, W. Su, R. Cao. M. Fujita, J. Lu, Chem. Eur. J. 2000, 6, 427-431.
76. See for example: W. W. Ellis, M. Schmitz, A. A. Arif, P. J. Stang, Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 2547-2557; B. Moulton, M. Zaworotko, Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 1629-1658; K. Biradha, C. Seward, M. Zaworotko, Angew. Chem. 1999, 111, 584-587; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 492-495; H. Iwamura, K. Inoue, N. Koga, New J. Chem. 1998, 201-210; L. Plasseraud, H. Maid, F. Hampel, R. W. Saalfrank, Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 4007-4011; P. L. Caradoc-Davies, L. R. Hanton, Chem. Commun. 2001, 1098-1099; K. A. Hirsch, S. R. Wilson, J. S. Moore, Chem. Commun. 1998, 13-14; 13-14; N. Masciocchi, G. A. Ardizzoia, G. LaMonica, A. Maspero, A. Sioni, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 3561-3564; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 3366-3369; T. Ezuhara, K. Endo, Y. Aoyama, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 3279-3283; A. N. Khlobystov, A. J. Blake, N. R. Champness, D. A. Lemenovskii, A. G. Majouga, N. V. Zyk, M. Schroder, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2001, 222, 155-192; M. Hong, W. Su, R. Cao. M. Fujita, J. Lu, Chem. Eur. J. 2000, 6, 427-431.
77. See for example: W. W. Ellis, M. Schmitz, A. A. Arif, P. J. Stang, Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 2547-2557; B. Moulton, M. Zaworotko, Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 1629-1658; K. Biradha, C. Seward, M. Zaworotko, Angew. Chem. 1999, 111, 584-587; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 492-495; H. Iwamura, K. Inoue, N. Koga, New J. Chem. 1998, 201-210; L. Plasseraud, H. Maid, F. Hampel, R. W. Saalfrank, Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 4007-4011; P. L. Caradoc-Davies, L. R. Hanton, Chem. Commun. 2001, 1098-1099; K. A. Hirsch, S. R. Wilson, J. S. Moore, Chem. Commun. 1998, 13-14; 13-14; N. Masciocchi, G. A. Ardizzoia, G. LaMonica, A. Maspero, A. Sioni, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 3561-3564; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 3366-3369; T. Ezuhara, K. Endo, Y. Aoyama, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 3279-3283; A. N. Khlobystov, A. J. Blake, N. R. Champness, D. A. Lemenovskii, A. G. Majouga, N. V. Zyk, M. Schroder, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2001, 222, 155-192; M. Hong, W. Su, R. Cao. M. Fujita, J. Lu, Chem. Eur. J. 2000, 6, 427-431.
78. See for example: W. W. Ellis, M. Schmitz, A. A. Arif, P. J. Stang, Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 2547-2557; B. Moulton, M. Zaworotko, Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 1629-1658; K. Biradha, C. Seward, M. Zaworotko, Angew. Chem. 1999, 111, 584-587; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 492-495; H. Iwamura, K. Inoue, N. Koga, New J. Chem. 1998, 201-210; L. Plasseraud, H. Maid, F. Hampel, R. W. Saalfrank, Chem. Eur. J. 2001, 7, 4007-4011; P. L. Caradoc-Davies, L. R. Hanton, Chem. Commun. 2001, 1098-1099; K. A. Hirsch, S. R. Wilson, J. S. Moore, Chem. Commun. 1998, 13-14; 13-14; N. Masciocchi, G. A. Ardizzoia, G. LaMonica, A. Maspero, A. Sioni, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 3561-3564; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 3366-3369; T. Ezuhara, K. Endo, Y. Aoyama, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 3279-3283; A. N. Khlobystov, A. J. Blake, N. R. Champness, D. A. Lemenovskii, A. G. Majouga, N. V. Zyk, M. Schroder, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2001, 222, 155-192; M. Hong, W. Su, R. Cao. M. Fujita, J. Lu, Chem. Eur. J. 2000, 6, 427-431.
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