Doses to organs and tissues from radon and its decay products

Journal of Radiological Protection

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 389-406

  Kendall, Gerry M ^a   Smith, T J ^a  

^a PUBLIC HEALTH ENGLAND   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EPIDEMIOLOGY; HEALTH HAZARDS; RADON; SKIN; TISSUE;

DECAY PRODUCTS; RESPIRATORY TRACTS;

BIOLOGICAL ORGANS;

BISMUTH; DRINKING WATER; LEAD; POLONIUM; RADIOACTIVE AEROSOL; RADIOISOTOPE; RADON; RAIN; WATER;

AEROSOL; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DOSIMETRY; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; EXPOSURE; FACE CANCER; FETUS; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; INGESTION; INHALATION; KIDNEY; LUNG CANCER; MELANOMA; ORGAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION DOSE; RADIATION EXPOSURE; RADIATION HAZARD; RADIOISOTOPE DECAY; RESPIRATORY SYSTEM; REVIEW; RISK; SKIN; SKIN CANCER; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; STOMACH;

AIR POLLUTANTS, RADIOACTIVE; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM; HUMANS; RADIATION DOSAGE; RADIOMETRY; RADON; RADON DAUGHTERS; RESPIRATORY SYSTEM; SKIN; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION;

EID: 0036940395     PISSN: 09524746     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/22/4/304     Document Type: Review

References (83)

1. Allen J E, Henshaw D L, Keitch P A, Fews A P and Eatough J P 1995 Fat cells in red bone marrow of human rib: Their size and spatial distribution with respect to the radon-derived dose to the haematopoietic tissue. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 68 669-78
2. Bailey M R, Birchall A, Etheringon G, McColl N P, Phipps A W and Stradling G N 2000 Dose Assessments Department Annual Review and Planning Report for 1999/2000 NRPB-M1187
3. BGS/DETR 2000 Natural radioactivity in private water supplies in Devon. Obtainable at: http://www.environment.detr.gov.uk
4. Birchall A and James A C 1994 Uncertainty analysis of the effective dose per unit exposure from radon progeny and implications for ICRP risk-weighting factors Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 53 133-44
5. Blaauboer R O and Smetsers R C G M 1997 Outdoor concentrations of the equilibrium-equivalent decay products of 222Rn in the Netherlands and the effects of meteorological variables Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 69 7-18
6. Boice J D Jr, Land C E and Preston D 1996 Ionizing radiation Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention ed D Schottenfeld and J F Fraumeni Jr (New York: Oxford University Press) pp 319-54
7. Colgan A 1996 Radon policy around the world Radiat. Prot. Bull. 181 12-13
8. Crawford-Brown J 1991 Cancer fatalities from waterborne radon (Rn-222) Risk Anal. 11 135-43
9. Darby S C et al 1995 Radon and cancers other than lung cancer in underground miners: A collaborative analysis of 11 studies. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 87 378-84
10. Darby S, Whitley E, Silcocks P, Thackrar B, Green M, Lomas P, Miles J, Reeves G, Fearn T and Doll R 1998 Risk of lung cancer associated with residential radon exposure in South-West England: A case-control study Br. J. Cancer 78 394-408
11. Darby S C, Hill D and Doll R 2001 Radon: A likely carcinogen at all exposures Ann. Oncol. 12 1341-51
12. Dundulis W P, Bell W J, Keene B E and Dostie P J 1984 Radon-222 in the gastrointestinal tract: A proposed modification of the ICRP Publication 30 model Health Phys. 47 243-52
13. Eatough J P 1997 Alpha particle dosimetry for the basal layer of the skin and the radon progeny 218-Po and 214-Po Phys. Med. Biol. 42 1899-911
14. Eatough J P and Henshaw D L 1992 Radon and thoron associated dose to the basal layer of the skin Phys. Med. Biol. 37 955-67
15. Eatough J P and Henshaw D L 1995 The theoretical risk of non-melanoma skin cancer from environmental radon exposure J Radiol. Prot. 15 45-51
16. 214Pb radionuclide deposition onto individuals under normal environmental exposure conditions. Phys. Med. Biol. 44 2227-39
17. Etherington DJ, Pheby D F H and Bray F I 1996 An ecological study of cancer incidence and radon levels in South-West England Eur. J. Cancer A 32 1189-97
18. European Commission 2001 Commission recommendation of 20 December 2001 on the protection of the public against exposure to radon in drinking water supplies (notified under document number C(2001) 4580) 28/12/2001 Official J. L 344 0085-8
19. Gosink T A, Baskaran M and Holleman D F 1990 Radon in the human body from drinking water Health Phys. 59 919-24
20. Harley N H, Kolber A B, Shore R E, Albert R E, Altman S M and Pasternak B S 1983 The skin dose and response for the head and neck in patients irradiated with x ray for tinea capitis: Implications for environmental radiation Epidemiology Related to Health Physics (Proc. 16th Mid-Year Topical Mtg of the Health Physics Society Conf. 83011) (Springfield, VA: National Technical Information Service) pp 125-42
21. 222Rn alpha dose to organs other than lung Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 45 61922
22. Harrison J D, Leggett R W, Noßke D, Paquet F, Phipps A W, Taylor D M and Métivier H 2001 Reliability of the ICRP's dose coefficients for members of the public: II. Uncertainties in the absorption of ingested radionuclides and the effect on dose estimates Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 95 295-308
23. Harvey J R 1971 Alpha radiation an external hazard? Health Phys. 21 866-9
24. Henshaw D L, Fews A P, Keitsch P A, Wilding R J, Close J J, Heather N J and Vickers L E 2001 Atmospheric washout of radon short-lived daughters: Implications for the radiation dose to the skin 12th UK Aerosol Conf. (Bath, UK, June 2001)
25. Henshaw D L, Perryman J, Keitsch P A, Allen J E and Camplin G C 1993 Radon in domestic water supplies in the UK Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 46 285-9
26. Hesketh G E 1980 Natural radioactivity in some British waters Proc. Seminar on the Radiological Burden of Man from Natural Radioactivity in the Countries of the EU (Paris, 1979)
27. Hursh J B, Morken D A, Davis T P and Lovaas A 1965 The fate of radon ingested by man Health Phys. 11 465-76
28. ICRP 1975 Report of the Task Group on Reference Man ICRP Publication 23 (Oxford: Pergamon)
29. ICRP 1979 Limits for intakes of radionuclides by workers ICRP Publication 30 (Ann. ICRP 2 3/4)
30. ICRP 1983 Radionuclide transformations, energy and intensity of emissions ICRP Publication 38 (Ann. ICRP 11-13)
31. ICRP 1987 Lung cancer risk from indoor exposures to radon daughters ICRP Publication 50 (Ann. ICRP 17 1)
32. ICRP 1990 Age-dependent doses to members of the public from intake of radionuclides: part 1 ICRP Publication 56 (Ann. ICRP 20 2)
33. ICRP 1991 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection ICRP Publication 60 (Ann. ICRP 21 1-3)
34. ICRP 1992 The biological basis for dose limitation in the skin ICRP Publication 59 (Ann. ICRP 22 2)
35. ICRP 1993a Protection against radon-222 at home and at work ICRP Publication 65 (Ann. ICRP 23 2)
36. ICRP 1993b Age-dependent doses to members of the public from intake of radionuclides: Part 2. Ingestion dose coefficients ICRP Publication 67 (Ann. ICRP 23 3/4)
37. ICRP 1994a Human respiratory tract model for radiological protection ICRP Publication 66 (Ann. ICRP 24 1-3)
38. ICRP 1994b Dose coefficients for intakes of radionuclides by workers Replacement of ICRP Publication 61, ICRP Publication 68 (Ann. ICRP 24 4)
39. ICRP 1995a Age-dependent doses to members of the public from intake of radionuclides: Part 3. Ingestion coefficients ICRP Publication 69 (Ann. ICRP 23 1)
40. ICRP 1995b Age-dependent doses to members of the public from intake of radionuclides: Part 4. Inhalation dose coefficients ICRP Publication 71 (Ann. ICRP 25 3/4)
41. ICRP 1996a Age-dependent doses to members of the public from intakes of radionuclides: Part 4. Inhalation dose coefficients ICRP Publication 71 (Ann. ICRP 25 3/4)
42. ICRP 1996b Age-dependent doses to members of the public from intake of radionuclides: Part 5. Compilation of ingestion and inhalation dose coefficients ICRP Publication 72 (Ann. ICRP 26 1)
43. ICRP 1998 The ICRP Database of Dose Coefficients: Workers and Members of the Public (Oxford: Elsevier) (version 1.0 ISBN 0 08 042 7510)
44. ICRP 2001 Doses to the embryo and foetus from intakes of radionuclides by the mother ICRP Publication 88 (Ann. ICRP 31 1-3)
45. Jacobi W 1961 Die Anlagerung von natürlichen Radionukliden an Aerosolpartikel und Niederschlagselemente in der Atmosphäre Geof. Pura Appl. 50 260-77
46. Jiggins P 2001 personal communication
47. Khursheed A 2000 Doses to systemic tissues from radon gas Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 88 171-81
48. Kjellberg S and Wiseman J S 1995 The relationship of radon to gastrointestinal malignancies Am. Surg. 61 822-5
49. Laurier D, Valenty M Tirmarche M 2001 Radon exposure and the risk of leukaemia: A review of epidemiological studies Health Phys. 81 272-88
50. Leggett R W 2001 Reliability of the ICRP's dose coefficients for members of the public: I. Sources of uncertainty in the biokinetic models Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 95 199-213
51. Leggett R W, Bouville A and Eckerman K F 1998 Reliability of the ICRP's systematic biokinetic models Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 79 355-42
52. Lubin J H et al 19944 Radon and Lung Cancer Risk: A Joint Analysis of 11 Underground Miners Studies (Washington, DC: NIH) pp 94-3644
53. Lubin J H and Boice J D 1997 Lung cancer risk from residential radon: Meta-analysis of eight epidemiological studies J. Natl Cancer Inst. 89 49-57
54. Lubin J H, Linet M S, Boice J D, Buckley J, Conrath S M, Hatch E E, Kleinerman R A, Tarone R E, Walcholder S and Robison L L 1998 Case-control study of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and residential radon exposure. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 90 294-300
55. Marsh J W and Birchall A 1999 Determination of lung-to-blood absorption rates for lead and bismuth which are appropriate for radon progency Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 83 331-7
56. Marsh J W and Birchall A 2000 Sensitivity analysis of the weighted equivalent lung dose per unit exposure from radon progeny Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 87 167-78
57. Miles J C H 1986 Factors Affecting Skin Doses due to Radon Daughters NRPB-R197 (Chilton: NRPB)
58. NRC 1988 BEIR IV. Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha Emitters (Washington, DC: National Academy Press)
59. NRC 1999a BEIR VI. Effects of Exposure to Radon (Washington, DC: National Academy Press)
60. NRC 1999b Risk Assessment of Radon in Drinking Water
61. NRPB 1987 Exposure to Radon Daughters in Dwellings NRPB-GS6 (Chilton: NRPB)
62. NRPB 1990 Board statement on limitation of human exposure to radon in houses Doc. NRPB 1 15-16
63. NRPB 1997 Assessment of skin doses Doc. NRPB 8 (3)
64. NRPB 2000a Generalised derived constraints for radioisotopes of strontium, ruthenium, iodine, caesium, plutonium, americium and curium Doc. NRPB 11 (2)
65. NRPB 2000b Health Risks from Radon Faculty of Public Health Medicine, Chartered Institute of Environmental Health (Chilton: NRPB)
66. NRPB 2001 West Devon report on radon and uranium in drinking water NRPB Response Statement R1/01 available at http://www.nrpb.org.uk
67. Nussbaum E and Hursh J B Radon solubility in rat tissues Science 125 552-3
68. Paatero J 2000 Wet deposition of radon-222 progeny in Northern Finland measured with an automatic precipitation gamma analyser Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 87 272-80
69. Parliament 1987 Houses (radon levels) statement by the minister for environment, countryside and planning Hansard (27 January) 189-97
70. Porstendoerfer J 2001 Physical parameters and dose factors of the radon and thoron decay products Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 94 365-73
71. Porstendoerfer J and Reineking A 1992 Indoor behaviour and characteristics of radon progeny Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 45 303-11
72. Richardson R B, Eatough J P and Henshaw D L 1991 Dose to red bone marrow from natural radon and thoron exposure Br. J. Radiol. 64, 608-24
73. Robinson C A 1996 Generalised habit data for radiological assessments NRPB-M636 (Chilton: NRPB)
74. Ron E, Preston D L, Kishikawa M, Kobuke T, Iseki M, Tokuoka S, Tokanaga M and Mabuchi K 1998 Skin tumour risk among atomic bomb survivors in Japan Cancer Causes Control 9 393-401
75. Schmitz J and Nickels R M 2001 Exposure to radon and decay products in water works Sci. Total Environ. 272 347-8
76. Sharma N, Hess C T and Thrall K D 1997 A compartmental model of water radon contamination in the human body Health Phys. 72 261-8
77. Sevc J, Kunz E and Placek V 1976 Lung cancer in uranium miners and long-term exposure to radon daughter products Health Phys. 30 433-7
78. Sevcova M, Sevc J and Thomas J 1978 Alpha irradiation of the skin and the possibility of late effects Health Phys. 35 803-6
79. Simmonds J R, Robinson C A, Phipps A W, Muirhead C R and Fry F A 1995 Risks of leukaemia and other cancers in Seascale from all sources of ionising radiation exposure NRPB-R276 (Chintol: NRPB)
80. 222Rn rich water Health Phys. 23 641-52
81. UNSCEAR 1993 Sources and Effects of Ionising Radiation. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation 1993 Report to the General Assembly with Scientific Annexes (New York: United Nations) Annex A
82. UNSCEAR 2000 Sources and Effects of Ionising Radiation. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation 2000 Report to the General Assembly with Scientific Annexes (New York: United Nations)
83. Wrixon A D, Green B M R, Lomas P R, Miles J C H, Cliff K D, Francis E A, Driscoll C M H, James A C and O'Riordan M C 1988 Natural radiation exposure in UK dwellings NRPB-R190 (Chilton: NRPB)