Cognitive-behavioural theories of helplessness/hopelessness: Valid models of depression?

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience

Volumn 252, Issue 5, 2002, Pages 240-249

  Henkel, V ^a   Bussfeld, P ^a   Moller H J ^a   Hegerl, U ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Cognitive models; Depressive disorder; Helplessness; Hopelessness; Neurobiological correlates

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; COGNITION; COGNITIVE THERAPY; DEPRESSION; HELPLESSNESS; HUMAN; MANIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; THEORETICAL MODEL;

BRAIN; COGNITIVE THERAPY; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; HELPLESSNESS, LEARNED; HUMANS; HYDROCORTISONE; HYPOTHALAMO-HYPOPHYSEAL SYSTEM; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; PITUITARY-ADRENAL SYSTEM; PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY; SEROTONIN;

EID: 0036933778     PISSN: 09401334     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00406-002-0389-y     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Abramson LY, Alloy LB, Metalsky GI (1995) Hopelessness depression. In: McClellan Buchanan GM, Seligman MEP (eds) Explanatory Style. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, pp 113-134
2. Abramson LY, Metalsky GI, Alloy LB (1989) Hopelessness depression: a theory-based subtype of depression. Psychol Rev 96:358-372
3. Abramson LY, Seligman MEP, Teasdale J (1978) Learned helplessness in humans: critique and reformulation. J Abnorm Psychol 87:49-74
4. Alloy LB, Lipman AJ, Abramson LY (1992) Attributional style as a vulnerability factor for depression: validation by past history of mood disorders. Cogn Ther Res 16:391-407
5. Amat J, Matus-Amat P, Watkins LR, Maier SF (1998) Escapable and inescapable stress differentially and selectively alter extracellular levels of 5-HT in the ventral hippocampus and dorsal periaqueductal gray of the brain. Brain Res 797:12-22
6. American Psychiatric Association (APA) (1994) The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.). American Psychiatric Press, Washington DC
7. Barnett PA, Gotlib IH (1988) Psychosocial functioning and depression: distinguishing among antecedents, concomitants, and consequences. Psychol Bull 104:97-126
8. Beck AT (1967) Depression. Harper and Row, New York
9. Beck AT (1974) The development of depression: a cognitive model. In: Friedman RJ, Katz MM (eds) The Psychology of Depression: Contemporary Theory and Research. Winston & Sons, Washington, pp 3-20
10. Beck AT, Kovacs M, Weissman A (1975) Hopelessness and suicidal behavior: an overview. JAMA 234:1146-1149
11. Beck AT, Rush AJ, Shaw BF, Emery G (1979) Cognitive Therapy of depression. Guilford, New York
12. Beck AT, Steer RA, Kovacs M, Garrison B (1985) Hopelessness and eventual suicide: a 10 year prospective study of patients hospitalized with suicidal ideation. Am J Psychiatry 142:559-563
13. Beck AT, Ward CJ, Mendelsohn M, Mock H, Erbaugh J (1961) An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 4:561-571
14. Beck AT, Weissman A, Lester D, Trexler L (1974) The measurement of pessimism: The Hopelessness Scale. J Consult Clin Psychol 42:861-865
15. Belanoff JK, Kalehzan M, Sund B, Shelley BS, Ficek KF, Schatzberg AF (2001) Cortisol activity and cognitive changes in psychotic major depression. Am J Psychiatry 158:1612-1616
16. Brewin CR (1985) Depression and causal attributions: what is their relation? Psychol Bull 98:297-309
17. DeRubeis RJ, Hollon SD, Evans MD, Garvey MJ, Grove WM, Tuason VB (1990) How does cognitive therapy work? Cognitive change in cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy for depression. J Consult Clin Psychol 58:862-869
18. Dorworthy TR, Overmier JB (1977) On 'learned helplessness': the therapeutic effects of electroconvulsive shock. Physiol Behav 4:355-358
19. Edwards E, Harkins K, Wright G, Henn FA (1991) 5-HT1b receptors in an animal model of depression. Neuropharmacology 30:101-105
20. Edwards E, Kornich W, Houtten PV, Henn FA (1992) Presynaptic serotonin mechanisms in rats subjected to inescapable shock. Neuropharmacology 31:323-330
21. Firth J, Brewin C (1982) Attributions and recovery from depression: a preliminary study using cross-lagged correlational analysis. Br J Clin Psychol 21:229-230
22. Frank E, Kupfer DJ, Perel JM, Cornes C, Jarrett RB, Mallinger AG, Thase ME, McEachran AB, Grochocinski VJ (1990) Three-year outcomes for maintenance therapies in recurrent depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47:1093-1099
23. Glavin GB, Ogle CW (1991) Adrenalectomy, but not vagotomy, reverses the worsening effect of Ca2+ blockers on ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 205:171-175
24. Golin S, Sweeney PD, Shaeffer DE (1981) The causality of causal attributions in depression: a cross-lagged panel corelational analysis. J Abnorm Psychol 90:14-22
25. Heim C, Ehlert U, Hellhammer DH (2000) The potential role of hypocortisolism in the pathophysiology of stress-related bodily disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology 25:1-35
26. Jarrett RB, Basco MR, Risser R, Ramanan J, Marwill M, Kraft D, Rush AJ (1998) Is there a role for continuation cognitive therapy for depressed outpatients? J Consult Clin Psychol 66:1036-1040
27. Jarrett RB, Kraft D, Doyle J, Foster BM, Eaves GG, Silver PC (2001) Preventing recurrent depression using cognitive therapy with and without a continuation phase: a randomized clinical trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 58:381-388
28. Joiner TE Jr. (2001) Negative attributional style, hopelessness depression and endogeneous depression. Behav Res Ther 39:139-149
29. Kirschbaum C, Prüssner J, Gaab J, Schommer N, Lintz D, Stone AA, Hellhammer DH (1995) Persistent high cortisol responses to repeated psychological stress in a subpopulation of healthy men. Psychosom Med 57:468-474
30. Lachman HM, Papolos DF, Weiner ED, Ramazankhana R, Hartnick C, Edwards E, Henn FA (1992) Hippocampal neuropeptide Y mRNA is reduced in a strain of learned helpless resistant rats. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 14:94-100
31. Lazarus AA (1968) Learning theory and treatment of depression. Behav Res Ther 6:83-89
32. Maier SF, Grahn RE, Watkins LR (1995) 8-OH-DPAT micro-injected in the region of the dorsal raphe nucleus blocks and reverses the enhancement of fear conditioning and interference with escape produced by exposure to inescapable shock. Behav Neurosci 109:404-412
33. Metalsky GI, Joiner TE Jr. (1992) Vulnerability to depressive symptomatology: a prospective test of the diathesis-stress and causal mediation components of the hopelessness theory of depression. J Pers Soc Psychol 63:667-675
34. Metalsky GI, Joiner TE Jr. (1997) The Hopelessness Depression Symptom Questionnaire. Cogn Ther Res 21:359-384
35. Minkoff K, Bergmann E, Beck AT, Beck R (1973) Hopelessness, depression and attempted suicide. Am J Psychiatry 130:455-459
36. Newcomer JW, Selke G, Melson AK, Hershey T, Craft S, Richards K, Alderson AL (1999) Decreased memory performance in healthy humans induced by stress-level cortisol treatment. Arch Gen Psychiatry 56:527-533
37. Nimeus A, Träskman-Bendz L, Alsen M (1997) Hopelessness and suicidal behavior. J Affect Disorders 42:137-144
38. Overmier JB, Seligman MEP (1967) Effects of inescapable shock upon subsequent escape and avoidance learning. J Comp Physiol Psychol 63:23-33
39. Papolos DF, Yu YM, Rosenbaum E, Lachman HM (1996) Modulation of learned helplessness by 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. Psychiatry Res 63:197-203
40. Paykel ES (2001) Cognitive therapy in prevention of relapse for antidepressant-treated patients with residual depression. World J Biol Psychiatry 2:169S
41. Persons JB, Rao PA (1985) Longitudinal study of cognitions, life events, and depression in psychiatric inpatients. J Abnorm Psychol 94:51-63
42. Peterson C, Seligman MEP (1984) Causal explanations as a risk factor for depression: theory and evidence. Psychol Rev 91:347-374
43. Peterson C, Semmel A, von Bayer C, Abramson LY, Metalski GI, Seligman MEP (1982) The Attributional Style Questionnaire. Cogn Ther Res 6:287-300
44. Peterson C, Villanova P (1988) An Expanded Attributional Style Questionnaire. J Abnorm Psychol 97:87-89
45. Pitzner JK, Drummond PD (1997) The reliability and validity of empirically scaled measures of psychological/verbal control and physical/sexual abuse: relationship between current negative mood and a history of abuse independent of other negative life events. J Psychosom Res 43:125-142
46. Robins CJ (1988) Attributions and depression: Why is the literature so inconsistent? J Pers Soc Psychol 54:880-889
47. Rush AJ, Beck AT, Kovacs M, Hollon S (1977) Comparative efficacy of cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy in the treatment of depressed outpatients. Cogn Ther Res 1:17-37
48. Rush AJ, Kovacs M, Beck AT, Weissenburger J, Hollon SD (1981) Differential effects of cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy on depressive symptoms. J Affect Disorders 3:221-229
49. Sauer C, Müller M (1980) Die Theorie der gelernten Hilflosigkeit: Eine hilfreiche Theorie. Z Sozialpsychol 11:2-24
50. Scott J, Teasdale JD, Paykel ES, Johnson AL, Abbott R, Hayhurst H, Moore R, Garland A (2000) Effects of cognitive therapy on psychological symptoms and social functioning in residual. Br J Psychiatry 177:440-446
51. Seligman MEP (1974) Depression and learned helplessness. In: Friedman RJ, Katz MM (eds) The Series in Clinical Psychology. Winston & Sons, Washington, pp 83-113
52. Seligman MEP, Castellon C, Cacciola J, Schulman P, Luborsky L, Ollove M, Downing R (1988) Explanatory style change during cognitive therapy for unipolar depression. J Abnorm Psychol 97:13-18
53. Shaw BF (1977) Comparison of cognitive therapy and behavior therapy in the treatment of depression. J Consult Clin Psychol 45:543-551
54. Sherman AD, Sacquitne JL, Petty F (1982) Specificity of the learned helplessness model of depression. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 16:449-454
55. Simons AD, Garfield SL, Murphy GE (1984) The process of change in cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy for depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 41:45-51
56. Spangler DL, Simons AD, Monroe SM, Thase ME (1993) Evaluating the hopelessness model of depression: diathesis-stress and symptom components. J Abnorm Psychol 102:592-600
57. Spielberger C, Gorsuch R, Luschene R (1970) Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Mind Garden, Redwood City
58. Sweeney PD, Anderson K, Bailey S (1986) Attributional style in depression: a meta-analytical review. J Pers Soc Psychol 50:974-991
59. Velbinger K, De Vry J, Jentzsch K, Eckert A, Henn F, Müller WE (2000) Acute stress induced modifications of calcium signaling in learned helplessness rats. Pharmacopsychiatry 33:132-137
60. Wallach J, Riege W, Cohen M (1980) Recognition memory for emotional words: comparative study of young, middle-aged, and older persons. J Gerontol 35:371-375
61. Watson S, Gallagher P, Del-Estal D, Hearn A, Ferrier IN, Young AH (2002) Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in patients with chronic depression. Psychol Med 32:1021-1028
62. Weiss JM (1971) Effects of coping behaviour in different warning signal conditions on stress pathology in rats. J Comp Physiol Psychol 77:1-13
63. Weiss JM, Glazer HI, Pohorecky LA (1975) Coping behaviour and neurochemical changes: an alternative explanation for the original 'learned helplessness' experiments. In: Serban G, Kling A (eds) Animal Models in Human Psychobiology. Plenum Press, New York, pp 141-173
64. Weiss JM, Stone EA, Harrell N (1970) Coping behavior and brain norepinephrine level in rats. J Comp Physiol Psychol 72:153-160
65. Wellman CL (2001) Dendritic reorganization in pyramidal neurons in medial prefrontal cortex after chronic corticosterone administration. Neurobiol 49:245-253
66. Whisman MA, Miller IW, Norman WH, Keitner GI (1995) Hopelessness depression in depressed inpatients: symptomatology, patient characteristics, and outcome. Cogn Ther Res 19:377-398
67. Wolff CT, Friedman SB, Hofer MA, Mason JW (1964) Relationship between psychological defenses and mean urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroid excretion rates: I. A predictive study of parents of fatally ill children. Psychosom Med 26:576-591
68. Woolley C, Gould E, McEwen BS (1990) Exposure to excess glucocorticoids alters dendritic morphology of adult hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Brain Res 531:225-231
69. World Health Organisation (WHO) (1992) The ICD - 10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders. Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines. World Health Organisation, Geneva
70. Wu J, Kramer GL, Kram M, Steciuk M, Crawford IL, Petty F (1999) Serotonin and learned helplessness: a regional study of 5-HT-1A, 5-HT-2A receptors and the serotonin transport site in rat brain. J Psychiatr Res 33:17-22
71. Young MA, Fogg LF, Scheftner W, Fawcett J, Akiskal H, Maser J (1996) Stable trait components of hopelessness: baseline and sensitivity to depression. J Abnorm Psychol 105:155-165