Comparison of PVDF- and FEP-based radiation-grafted alkaline anion-exchange membranes for use in low temperature portable DMFCs

Journal of Materials Chemistry

Volumn 12, Issue 12, 2002, Pages 3371-3373

  Danks, Timothy N ^a   Slade, Robert C T ^a   Varcoe, John R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SURREY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

METHANOL; POLYMER; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VINYL DERIVATIVE; VINYLBENZYL CHLORIDE;

ALKALINITY; AMINATION; ARTICLE; ION EXCHANGE; LOW TEMPERATURE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; RADIATION;

EID: 0036922322     PISSN: 09599428     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1039/b208627a     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. J. Cruickshank, K. Scott and W. Taama, J. Power Sources, 1997, 65, 159.
2. R. R. Adzic, M. C. Aramtor and A. V. Tripkovic, Electrochim. Acta, 1984, 29, 907; J. Taraszewska and G. Roslonek, J. Electroanal. Chem., 1994, 364, 209.
3. R. R. Adzic, M. C. Aramtor and A. V. Tripkovic, Electrochim. Acta, 1984, 29, 907; J. Taraszewska and G. Roslonek, J. Electroanal. Chem., 1994, 364, 209.
4. G. F. McLean, T. Niet, S. Prince-Richard and N. Djilali, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2002, 27, 507.
5. (a) E. Agel, J. Bouet and J. F. Fauvarque, J. Power Sources, 2001, 101, 267;
6. (b) J. Divisek, WO Pat., 01/61776/A1, 2001;
7. (c) W. Yao, T. Tsai, Y.-M. Chang and M. Chen, US Pat., 6,183,914, 2001.
8. T. Sata, M. Tsujimoto, T. Yamaguchi and K. Matsusaki, J. Membr. Sci., 1996, 112, 161.
9. X. Ren, P. Zelenay, S. Thomas, J. Davey and S. Gottesfeld, J. Power Sources, 2000, 86, 111; J. W. Raadschelders and T. Jansen, J. Power Sources, 2001, 96, 160; H. Chang, J. R. Kim, J. H. Cho, H. K. Kim and K. H. Choi, Solid State Ionics, 2002, 148, 601; J. P. Meyers and H. L. Maynard, J. Power Sources, 2002, 109, 76; C. Hebling and A. Heinzel, Fuel Cell Bull., 2002, July, 8; C. K. Dyer, J. Power Sources, 2002, 106, 31; A. Heinzel, C. Hebling, M. Müller, M. Zedda and C. Müller, J. Power Sources, 2002, 105, 250.
10. X. Ren, P. Zelenay, S. Thomas, J. Davey and S. Gottesfeld, J. Power Sources, 2000, 86, 111; J. W. Raadschelders and T. Jansen, J. Power Sources, 2001, 96, 160; H. Chang, J. R. Kim, J. H. Cho, H. K. Kim and K. H. Choi, Solid State Ionics, 2002, 148, 601; J. P. Meyers and H. L. Maynard, J. Power Sources, 2002, 109, 76; C. Hebling and A. Heinzel, Fuel Cell Bull., 2002, July, 8; C. K. Dyer, J. Power Sources, 2002, 106, 31; A. Heinzel, C. Hebling, M. Müller, M. Zedda and C. Müller, J. Power Sources, 2002, 105, 250.
11. X. Ren, P. Zelenay, S. Thomas, J. Davey and S. Gottesfeld, J. Power Sources, 2000, 86, 111; J. W. Raadschelders and T. Jansen, J. Power Sources, 2001, 96, 160; H. Chang, J. R. Kim, J. H. Cho, H. K. Kim and K. H. Choi, Solid State Ionics, 2002, 148, 601; J. P. Meyers and H. L. Maynard, J. Power Sources, 2002, 109, 76; C. Hebling and A. Heinzel, Fuel Cell Bull., 2002, July, 8; C. K. Dyer, J. Power Sources, 2002, 106, 31; A. Heinzel, C. Hebling, M. Müller, M. Zedda and C. Müller, J. Power Sources, 2002, 105, 250.
12. X. Ren, P. Zelenay, S. Thomas, J. Davey and S. Gottesfeld, J. Power Sources, 2000, 86, 111; J. W. Raadschelders and T. Jansen, J. Power Sources, 2001, 96, 160; H. Chang, J. R. Kim, J. H. Cho, H. K. Kim and K. H. Choi, Solid State Ionics, 2002, 148, 601; J. P. Meyers and H. L. Maynard, J. Power Sources, 2002, 109, 76; C. Hebling and A. Heinzel, Fuel Cell Bull., 2002, July, 8; C. K. Dyer, J. Power Sources, 2002, 106, 31; A. Heinzel, C. Hebling, M. Müller, M. Zedda and C. Müller, J. Power Sources, 2002, 105, 250.
13. X. Ren, P. Zelenay, S. Thomas, J. Davey and S. Gottesfeld, J. Power Sources, 2000, 86, 111; J. W. Raadschelders and T. Jansen, J. Power Sources, 2001, 96, 160; H. Chang, J. R. Kim, J. H. Cho, H. K. Kim and K. H. Choi, Solid State Ionics, 2002, 148, 601; J. P. Meyers and H. L. Maynard, J. Power Sources, 2002, 109, 76; C. Hebling and A. Heinzel, Fuel Cell Bull., 2002, July, 8; C. K. Dyer, J. Power Sources, 2002, 106, 31; A. Heinzel, C. Hebling, M. Müller, M. Zedda and C. Müller, J. Power Sources, 2002, 105, 250.
14. X. Ren, P. Zelenay, S. Thomas, J. Davey and S. Gottesfeld, J. Power Sources, 2000, 86, 111; J. W. Raadschelders and T. Jansen, J. Power Sources, 2001, 96, 160; H. Chang, J. R. Kim, J. H. Cho, H. K. Kim and K. H. Choi, Solid State Ionics, 2002, 148, 601; J. P. Meyers and H. L. Maynard, J. Power Sources, 2002, 109, 76; C. Hebling and A. Heinzel, Fuel Cell Bull., 2002, July, 8; C. K. Dyer, J. Power Sources, 2002, 106, 31; A. Heinzel, C. Hebling, M. Müller, M. Zedda and C. Müller, J. Power Sources, 2002, 105, 250.
15. X. Ren, P. Zelenay, S. Thomas, J. Davey and S. Gottesfeld, J. Power Sources, 2000, 86, 111; J. W. Raadschelders and T. Jansen, J. Power Sources, 2001, 96, 160; H. Chang, J. R. Kim, J. H. Cho, H. K. Kim and K. H. Choi, Solid State Ionics, 2002, 148, 601; J. P. Meyers and H. L. Maynard, J. Power Sources, 2002, 109, 76; C. Hebling and A. Heinzel, Fuel Cell Bull., 2002, July, 8; C. K. Dyer, J. Power Sources, 2002, 106, 31; A. Heinzel, C. Hebling, M. Müller, M. Zedda and C. Müller, J. Power Sources, 2002, 105, 250.
16. J. A. Kerres, J. Membr. Sci., 2001, 185, 3.
17. S. Hietala, S. L. Maunu, F. Sundholm, T. Lehtinen and G. Sundholm, J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 1999, 37, 2893; J. A. Horsfall and K. V. Lovell, Fuel Cells, 2002, 1, 186; J. A. Horsfall and K. V. Lovell, Polym. Adv. Technol., 2002, 13, 381; K. Scott, W. M. Taama and P. Argyropoulos, J. Membr. Sci., 2000, 171, 119; C. Chuy, V. I. Basura, E. Simon, S. Holdcroft, J. Horsfall and K. V. Lovell, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2000, 147, 4453.
18. S. Hietala, S. L. Maunu, F. Sundholm, T. Lehtinen and G. Sundholm, J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 1999, 37, 2893; J. A. Horsfall and K. V. Lovell, Fuel Cells, 2002, 1, 186; J. A. Horsfall and K. V. Lovell, Polym. Adv. Technol., 2002, 13, 381; K. Scott, W. M. Taama and P. Argyropoulos, J. Membr. Sci., 2000, 171, 119; C. Chuy, V. I. Basura, E. Simon, S. Holdcroft, J. Horsfall and K. V. Lovell, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2000, 147, 4453.
19. S. Hietala, S. L. Maunu, F. Sundholm, T. Lehtinen and G. Sundholm, J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 1999, 37, 2893; J. A. Horsfall and K. V. Lovell, Fuel Cells, 2002, 1, 186; J. A. Horsfall and K. V. Lovell, Polym. Adv. Technol., 2002, 13, 381; K. Scott, W. M. Taama and P. Argyropoulos, J. Membr. Sci., 2000, 171, 119; C. Chuy, V. I. Basura, E. Simon, S. Holdcroft, J. Horsfall and K. V. Lovell, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2000, 147, 4453.
20. S. Hietala, S. L. Maunu, F. Sundholm, T. Lehtinen and G. Sundholm, J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 1999, 37, 2893; J. A. Horsfall and K. V. Lovell, Fuel Cells, 2002, 1, 186; J. A. Horsfall and K. V. Lovell, Polym. Adv. Technol., 2002, 13, 381; K. Scott, W. M. Taama and P. Argyropoulos, J. Membr. Sci., 2000, 171, 119; C. Chuy, V. I. Basura, E. Simon, S. Holdcroft, J. Horsfall and K. V. Lovell, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2000, 147, 4453.
21. S. Hietala, S. L. Maunu, F. Sundholm, T. Lehtinen and G. Sundholm, J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 1999, 37, 2893; J. A. Horsfall and K. V. Lovell, Fuel Cells, 2002, 1, 186; J. A. Horsfall and K. V. Lovell, Polym. Adv. Technol., 2002, 13, 381; K. Scott, W. M. Taama and P. Argyropoulos, J. Membr. Sci., 2000, 171, 119; C. Chuy, V. I. Basura, E. Simon, S. Holdcroft, J. Horsfall and K. V. Lovell, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2000, 147, 4453.
22. H.-P. Brack, H. G. Bührer, L. Bonorand and G. G. Scherer, J. Mater. Chem., 2000, 10, 1795.
23. K. V. Lovell and J. A. Horsfall, Eur. Polym. J., 2002, 38, 1671.
24. (a) T. Cohen, P. Dagard, J. Molénat, B. Brun and C. Gavach, J. Electroanal. Chem., 1986, 210, 329;
25. (b) J. Sandeaux, R. Sandeaux, G. Pourcelly and J. Molénat, J. Membr. Sci., 1993, 84, 213;
26. (c) B. L. Svarfar, K. B. Elkman, M. J. Sundell and J. H. Näsman, Polym. Adv. Technol., 1996, 7, 839.
27. G. J. Ross, J. F. Watts, M. P. Hill and P. Morrissey, Polymer, 2000, 41, 1685; G. J. Ross, J. F. Watts, M. P. Hill and P. Morrissey, Polymer, 2001, 42, 403; G. Moggi, P. Bonardelli, G. Chiodini, S. Conti and A. Fontana, J. Fluorine Chem., 1985, 29, 167.
28. G. J. Ross, J. F. Watts, M. P. Hill and P. Morrissey, Polymer, 2000, 41, 1685; G. J. Ross, J. F. Watts, M. P. Hill and P. Morrissey, Polymer, 2001, 42, 403; G. Moggi, P. Bonardelli, G. Chiodini, S. Conti and A. Fontana, J. Fluorine Chem., 1985, 29, 167.
29. G. J. Ross, J. F. Watts, M. P. Hill and P. Morrissey, Polymer, 2000, 41, 1685; G. J. Ross, J. F. Watts, M. P. Hill and P. Morrissey, Polymer, 2001, 42, 403; G. Moggi, P. Bonardelli, G. Chiodini, S. Conti and A. Fontana, J. Fluorine Chem., 1985, 29, 167.
30. P. Holstein, G. A. Monti and R. K. Harris, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 1999, 1, 3549; W. Su and D.-L. M. Tzou, Polymer, 2000, 41, 7289; S. Ando, R. K. Harris and S. A. Reinsberg, Magn. Reson. Chem., 2002, 40, 97.
31. P. Holstein, G. A. Monti and R. K. Harris, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 1999, 1, 3549; W. Su and D.-L. M. Tzou, Polymer, 2000, 41, 7289; S. Ando, R. K. Harris and S. A. Reinsberg, Magn. Reson. Chem., 2002, 40, 97.
32. P. Holstein, G. A. Monti and R. K. Harris, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 1999, 1, 3549; W. Su and D.-L. M. Tzou, Polymer, 2000, 41, 7289; S. Ando, R. K. Harris and S. A. Reinsberg, Magn. Reson. Chem., 2002, 40, 97.
33. A. Oshima, S. Ikeda, E. Katoh and Y. Tabata, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 2001, 62, 39.