Individual orientation toward engagement in social action

Political Psychology

Volumn 23, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 703-729

  Corning, Alexandra F ^a   Myers, Daniel J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME   (United States)

Author keywords

Activism; Measurement; Social action

Indexed keywords

EID: 0036918674     PISSN: 0162895X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/0162-895X.00304     Document Type: Article

References (111)

1. Ajzen, I., & Fishbeth, M. (1977). Attitude-behavior relations: A theoretical analysis and review of empirical research. Psychological Bulletin, 84, 888-918.
2. Bengston, L. (1970). The generation gap: A review and typology of social psychological perspectives. Youth and Society, 25, 7-32.
3. Betz, N.E. (1996). Test construction. In F.T.L. Leong & J.T. Austin (Eds.), The psychology research handbook (pp. 239-250). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
4. Bolton, C.D. (1972). Alienation and action: A study of peace group members. American Journal of Sociology, 78, 537-561.
5. Burn, S.M., & Konrad, A.M. (1987). Political participation: A matter of community, stress, job autonomy, and contact by political organizations. Political Psychology, 8, 125-138.
6. Campbell, D.T., & Fiske, D.W. (1959). Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 56, 81-105.
7. Cattell, R.B. (1966). The scree test for the number of factors. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 1, 245-276.
8. Corning, A.F. (2000). Assessing perceived social inequity: A relative deprivation framework. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 463-477.
9. Davies, J.C. (1969). The J-curve of rising and declining satisfaction as a cause of some great revolutions and a contained rebellion. In H.D. Graham & T.R. Gurr (Eds.), Violence in America: Historical and comparative perspectives (pp. 690-730). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
10. DeMartini, J.R. (1983). Social movement participation: Political socialization, generational consciousness and lasting effects. Youth and Society, 15, 195-233.
11. Demerath, N.J., Marwell, G., & Aiken, M.T. (1971). Dynamics of idealism. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
12. Dendinger, D. (1978). Factors associated with social action and convening: A study of the National Conference of Catholic Charities. Social Thought, 4, 3-19.
13. Dollard, J., Doob, L., Miller, N., Mowrer, H., & Sears, R. (1939). Frustration and aggression. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
14. Fendrich, J.M. (1974). Activists ten years later: A test of generational unit continuity. Journal of Social Issues, 30, 95-118.
15. Fendrich, J.M. (1977). Keeping the faith or pursuing the good life: A study of the consequences of participation in the civil fights movement. American Sociological Review, 42, 144-157.
16. Fendrich, J.M., & Krauss, E.M. (1978). Student activism and adult left-wing politics: A causal model of political socialization for black, white, and Japanese students of the 1960s generation. In L. Kriesberg (Ed.), Research in social movements, conflict, and change, 1, (pp. 231-256). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
17. Fendrich, J.M., & Lovoy, K.L. (1988). Back to the future: Adult political behavior of former political activists. American Sociological Review, 53, 780-784.
18. Fernandez, R., & McAdam, D. (1989). Multiorganizational fields and recruitment to social movements. In B. Klandermans (Ed.), Organizing for change: Social movement organizations in Europe and the United States (pp. 217-231). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
19. Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1974). Attitudes towards objects as predictors of single and multiple behavioral criteria. Psychological Review, 81, 59-74.
20. Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
21. Flacks, R. (1967). The liberated generation: An exploration of the roots of student protest. Journal of Social Issues, 23, 52-74.
22. Floyd, F.J., & Widaman, K.F. (1995). Factor analysis in the development and refinement of clinical assessment instruments. Psychological Assessment, 7, 286-299.
23. Foster, M.D., & Matheson, K. (1995). Double relative deprivation: Combining the personal and political. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 1167-1177.
24. Fox, D.L., & Schofield, J.W. (1989). Issue salience, perceived efficacy and perceived risk: A study of the origins of anti-nuclear war activity. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 19, 805-827.
25. Freidman, D., & Hechter, M. (1988). The contribution of rational choice theory to macrosocial research. Sociological Theory, 6, 201-216.
26. Gamson, W.A. (1975). The strategy of social protest. Homewood, IL: Dorsey.
27. Gamson, W.A., Fireman, B., & Rytina, S. (1982). Encounters with unjust authority. Homewood, IL: Dorsey.
28. Geschwender, J.C. (1964). Social structure and the Negro revolt: An examination of social movements and revolutions. Social Forces, 43, 248-256.
29. Gore, P.M., & Rotter, J.B. (1963). A personality correlate of social action. Journal of Personality, 31, 58-64.
30. Gorsuch, R.L. (1983). Factor analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
31. Gould, R.V. (1991). Multiple networks and mobilization in the Paris commune, 1871. American Sociological Review, 56, 716-729.
32. Gurney, J.N., & Tierney, K.T. (1982). Relative deprivation and social movements: A critical look at twenty years of theory and research. Sociological Quarterly, 23, 33-47.
33. Gurr, T. (1970). Why men rebel. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
34. Inglis, A. (1990). Social disadvantage and protest action: An intergroup perspective. Unpublished master's thesis, York University, Toronto.
35. Jenkins, J.C. (1983). Resource mobilization theory and the study of social movements. Annual Review of Sociology, 9, 527-553.
36. Kelly, C., & Kelly, J. (1994). Who gets involved in collective action?: Social psychological determinants of individual participation in trade unions. Human Relations, 47, 63-88.
37. Kelly, S., & Mirer, T.W. (1974). The simple act of voting. American Political Science Review, 68, 572-591.
38. Klandermans, B. (1984). Mobilization and participation. American Sociological Review, 49, 583-600.
39. Klandermans, B. (1997). The social psychology of protest. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
40. Klandermans, B., & Oegema, D. (1987). Potentials, networks, motivations and barriers: Steps toward participation in social movements. American Sociological Review, 52, 519-531.
41. Klandermans, P.G.B. (1983). Rotter's I.E.-scale and socio-political action taking: The balance of 20 years of research. European Journal of Social Psychology, 13, 399-415.
42. Lalonde, R.N., & Cameron, J.E. (1993). Behavioral responses to discrimination. The focus on action. In M.P. Zanna & J.M. Olson (Eds.), The Ontario Symposium (vol. 7, pp. 257-288). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
43. LaPiere, R. (1934). Attitudes versus actions. Social Forces, 13, 230-237.
44. Lefcourt, H.M. (1991). Locus of control. In J.P. Robinson, P.R. Shaver, & L.S. Wrightsman (Eds.), Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes (pp. 413-499). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
45. Locatelli, M.G., & Holt, R.R. (1986). Antinuclear activism, psychic numbing, and mental health. International Journal of Mental Health, 15(1-3), 143-161.
46. Lofland, J. (1977). Doomsdaycult. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
47. Lofland, J. (1981). Collective behavior: The elementary forms. In M. Rosenburg & R.H. Turner (Eds.), Social psychology: Sociological perspectives (pp. 378-446). New York: Basic Books.
48. Majete, C.A. (1987). Black voting behavior: The effect of locus of control and socio-economic status. Western Journal of Black Studies, 11, 123-129.
49. Marsh, A. (1977). Protest and political consciousness. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
50. Marsh, A., & Kaase, M. (1979). Measuring political action. In S.H. Barnes (Ed.), Political action: Mass participation in five western democracies (pp. 57-96). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
51. Marwelt, G., & Oliver, P. (1993). The critical mass in collective action: A micro-social theory. New York: Cambridge University Press.
52. McAdam, D. (1986). Recruitment to high-risk activism: The case of Freedom Summer. American Journal of Sociology, 92, 64-90.
53. McAdam, D. (1988). Freedom Summer. New York: Oxford University Press.
54. McAdam, D. (1989). The biographical consequences of activism. American Sociological Review, 54, 744-760.
55. McAdam, D. (1992). Gender as a mediator of the activist experience: The case of Freedom Summer. American Journal of Sociology, 97, 1211-1240.
56. McAdam, D., McCarthy, J., & Zald, M. (1988). Social movements. In N. Smelser (Ed.), The handbook of sociology (pp. 695-737). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
57. McAdam, D., & Paulsen, R. (1993). Specifying the relationship between social ties and activism. American Journal of Sociology, 99, 640-667.
58. McCarthy, J.D., & Zald, M. (1973). The trend of social movements in America. Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press.
59. McCarthy, J., & Zald, M. (1977). Resource mobilization and social movements: A partial theory. American Journal of Sociology, 82, 1212-1241.
60. McPhail, C. (1991). The myth of the madding crowd. New York: De Gruyter.
61. Mirels, H.L. (1970). Dimensions of internal versus external control. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 34, 226-228.
62. Morris, A.D. (1984). The origins of the civil rights movement: Black communities organizing for change. New York: Free Press.
63. Morrison, D. (1973). Some notes toward theory on relative deprivation, social movements, and social change. In R.R. Evans (Ed.), Social movements: A reader and source book (pp. 103-116). Chicago: Rand McNally.
64. Myers, D.J. (1994, March). "Politically gay": The positive and negative effects of the altruistic ally in the gay and lesbian movement. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Sociological Society, St. Louis.
65. Myers, D.J. (1997). Racial rioting in the 1960s: An event history analysis of local conditions. American Sociological Review, 62, 94-112.
66. Nemiroff, L.S., & McKenzie-Mohr, D. (1992). Determinants and distinguishing variables of pro-disarmament behavior and responsible environmental behavior. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 7, 1-24.
67. Oberschall, A. (1973). Social conflict and social movements. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Halt.
68. Oliver, P.E. (1980), Selective incentives in an apex game: An experiment in coalition formation. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 24, 113-141.
69. Oliver, P.E. (1984a). If you don't do it, nobody else will: Active and token contributors to local collective action. American Sociological Review, 49, 601-610.
70. Oliver, P.E. (1984b). Rewards and punishments as selective incentives: An apex game. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 28, 123-148.
71. Oliver, P.E. (1989). Bringing the crowd back in: The nonorganizational elements of social movements. Research in Social Movements, Conflict and Change, 11, 1-30.
72. Olson, M. (1965). The logic of collective action: Public goods and the theory of groups. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
73. Orum, A.M. (1972). Black students in protest. Washington, DC: American Sociological Association.
74. Park, B. (1993). An aspect of political socialization of student movement participants in Korea. Youth & Society, 25, 171-201.
75. Paulhus, D. (1983). Sphere-specific measures of perceived control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 1253-1265.
76. Paulhus, D.L., & Christie, R. (1981). Spheres of control: An interactionist approach to assessment of perceived control. In H.M. Lefcourt (Ed.), Research with the locus of control construct (pp. 161-188). New York: Academic Press.
77. Paulsen, R. (1991). Education, social class, and participation in collective action. Sociology of Education, 64, 96-110.
78. Peterson, S.A., & Lawson, R. (1989). Risky business: Prospect theory and politics. Political Psychology, 10, 325-339.
79. Portes, A. (1971). Political primitivism, differential socialization and lower-class radicalism. American Sociological Review, 36, 820-835.
80. Quarantelli, E.L., & Dynes, R. (1968). Looting in civil disorders: An index of social change. In L. Masotti & D. Bowen (Eds.), Riots and rebellion (pp. 131-141). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
81. Robinson, J.P., Shaver, P.R., & Wrightsman, L.S. (Eds.) (1991). Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
82. Rochford, E.B. (1982). Recruitment strategies, ideology, and organization in the Hare Krishna movement. Social Problems, 29, 399-410.
83. Rotter, J.B. (1954). Social learning and clinical psychology. New York: Prentice-Hall.
84. Rotter, J.B., Seeman, M.R., & Liverant, S. (1962). Internal versus external control of reinforcements: A major variable in behaviour theory. In W.F. Washburn (Ed.), Decisions, values, and groups (vol. 2, pp. 473-516). New York: Pergamon.
85. Rule, J.B. (1988). Theories of civil violence. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
86. Schuman, H. (1995). Attitudes, beliefs, and behavior. In K. Cook, G.A. Fine, & J.S. House (Eds.), Sociological perspectives on social psychology (pp. 68-89). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
87. Seguin, C., Pelletier, L.G., & Hunsley, J. (1998). Toward a model of environmental activism. Environment and Behavior, 30, 628-652.
88. Sherkat, D.E., & Blocker, T.J. (1994). The political development of sixties' activists: Identifying the influence of class, gender, and socialization on protest participation. Social Forces, 72, 821-842.
89. Snow, D.A., & Oliver, P.E. (1995). Social movements and collective behavior: Social psychological dimensions and considerations. In K. Cook, G.A. Fine, & J.S. House (Eds.), Sociological perspectives on social psychology (pp. 571-599). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
90. Snow, D.A., & Rochford, E.B. (1983, August). Structural availability, the alignment process and movement recruitment. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Detroit.
91. Snow, D.A., Zurcher, L.A., & Ekland-Olson, S. (1980). Social networks and social movements: A microstructural approach to differential recruitment. American Sociological Review, 45, 787-801.
92. Spilerman, S. (1970). The causes of racial disturbances: A comparison of alternative explanations. American Sociological Review, 35, 627-649.
93. Spilerman, S. (1976). Structural characteristics of cities and the severity of racial disorders. American Sociological Review, 41, 771-793.
94. Stone, R.A., & Levine, A.G. (1985). Reactions to collective stress: Correlates of active citizen participation at Love Canal. Prevention in Human Services, 4(1-2), 153-177.
95. Thurstone, L.L. (1967). The measurement of social attitudes. In M. Fishbein (Ed.), Readings in attitude theory and measurement (pp. 14-25). New York: Wiley. (Original work published 1931).
96. Tilly, C. (1978). From mobilization to revolution. New York: McGraw-Hill.
97. Turner, R., & Killian, L.M. (1987). Collective behavior (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
98. Tyler, T.R., & McGraw, K.M. (1983). The threat of nuclear war: Risk interpretation and behavioral response. Journal of Social Issues, 39,(1), 25-40.
99. Wall, G. (1995). Barriers to individual environmental action: The influence of attitudes and social experiences. Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 32, 465-489.
100. Walsh, E., & Warland, R. (1983). Social movement involvement in the wake of a nuclear accident: Activists and free-riders in the TMI area. American Sociological Review, 48, 764-780.
101. Walsh, W.B., & Betz, N.E. (1995). Tests and assessment (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
102. Watanabe, P.Y., & Milburn, M.A. (1988). Activism against Armageddon: Some predictors of nuclear-related political behavior. Political Psychology, 9, 459-470.
103. Weigel, R.H., & Newman, L.S. (1976). Increasing attitude-behavior correspondence by broadening the scope of the behavioral measure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33, 793-802.
104. Whalen, J., & Flacks, R. (1980). The Isla Vista "bank burners" ten years later: Notes on the fate of student activists. Sociological Focus, 13, 215-236.
105. Wicker, A.W. (1969). Attitudes versus actions: The relationship of verbal and overt behavioral responses to attitude objects. Journal of Social Issues, 25(4), 41-47.
106. Wilson, J.Q. (1973). Political organizations. New York: Basic Books.
107. Wiltfang, G.L., & McAdam, D. (1991). The costs and risks of social activism: A study of sanctuary movement activism. Social Forces, 69, 987-1010.
108. Wollman, N., & Stouder, R. (1991). Believed efficacy and political activity: A test of the specificity hypothesis. Journal of Social Psychology, 131, 557-566.
109. Wood, J.L., & Ng, W. (1980). Socialization and student activism: Examination of a relationship. In L. Kriesberg (Ed.), Research in social movements, conflict, and change, 3, (pp. 21-44). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
110. Wood, M., & Hughes, M. (1984). The moral basis of moral reform. American Sociological Review, 49, 86-99.
111. Zimmerman, M. (1989). The relationship between political efficacy and citizen participation: Construct validation studies. Journal of Personality Assessment, 53, 554-566.