Complications of laser-in-situ-keratomileusis

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

Volumn 50, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 265-282

  Sridhar, Mittanamalli S ^a   Rao, Srinivas K ^b   Vajpayee, Rasik B ^c   Aasuri, Murali K ^a   Hannush, Sadeer ^d   Sinha, Rajesh ^c  

^a L V PRASAD EYE INSTITUTE   (India)

^b Cornea Service ^*  (India)

^c ALL INDIA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (India)

^d WILLS EYE HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Complications; LASIK; Refractive surgery

Indexed keywords

ASTIGMATISM; CORNEA; DENERVATION; DRY EYE; HAZE; HEALING; INFLAMMATION; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; KERATECTOMY; KERATITIS; KERATOMILEUSIS; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; REFRACTION ERROR; REVIEW; VISUAL DISORDER;

CORNEA; DRY EYE SYNDROMES; HUMANS; INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; KERATITIS; KERATOMILEUSIS, LASER IN SITU; OPHTHALMIC SOLUTIONS; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; REFRACTIVE ERRORS; SURGICAL FLAPS; VISUAL ACUITY;

EID: 0036912732     PISSN: 03014738     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (117)

1. Gulani AC. LASIK corneal complications (letter). Ophthalmology 1999;106:1457.
2. Gimbel H, Penno EA. LASIK corneal complications (In reply). Ophthalmology 1999;106:1457-58.
3. Lin RT, Maloney RK. Flap complications associated with lamellar refractive surgery. Am J Ophthalmol 1999;127:129-36.
4. Tham VM, Maloney RK. Microkeratome complications of laser in situ keratomileusis. Ophthalmology 2000;107:920-24.
5. Farah SG, Azar DT, Gurdal C, Wong J. Laser in situ keratomileusis: Literature review of a developing technique. J Cataract Refract Surg 1998;24:989-1006.
6. Gimbel HV. Flap complications of lamellar refractive surgery. Am J Ophthalmol 1999;127:202-24.
7. Rao SK, Padmanabhan P, Sitalakshmi G, Rajagopal R, Lam DS. Timing of retreatment after a partial flap during laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999;25:1424-25.
8. Rao SK, Padmanabhan P, Sitalakshmi G, Rajagopal R. Partial flap during laser in-situ keratomileusis: Pathogenesis and timing of treatment. Indian J Ophthalmol 2000;48:209-12.
9. Wilson SE. LASIK: Management of common complications. Cornea 1998;17:459-67.
10. rd, Wiley WM, Walker JC. Complications of laser in situ keratomileusis for the correction of myopia. Ophthalmology 1999;106:13-20.
11. Gimbel HV, Anderson Penno EE. Intraoperative complications. In: Gimbel HV, Anderson Penno EE, editors. LASIK Complications: Prevention and Management. Thorofare, NJ: SLACK Incorporated, 1998:47-79.
12. Lam DSC, Cheng ACK, Leung ATS. LASIK complications (letter). Ophthalmology 1999;106:1455-56.
13. Gimbel HV, Anderson Penno EE, van Westernbrugge JA, et al. Incidence and management of intraoperative and early postoperative complications in 1000 consecutive laser in situ keratomileusis cases. Ophthalmology 1998;105:1839-48.
14. Slade SG. Lasik complications and their management. In Machat JJ, editor. Excimer Laser Refractive Surgery: Practice and Principles. Thorofare, NJ: Slack 1996;360-96.
15. Probst LE, Machat J. Removal of flap striae following laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 1998;24:153-55.
16. Recep OF, Cagil N, Hasiripi H. Outcome of flap subluxation after laser in situ keratomileusis: Results of 6 months follow-up. J Cataract Refract Surg 2000;26:1158-62.
17. Melki SA, Talamo JH, Demetriades AM, Jabbur NS, Essepian JP, O'Brien TP et al. Late traumatic dislocation of laser in situ keratomileusis corneal flaps. Ophthalmology 2000;107:2136-39.
18. Lombardo AJ, Katz HR. Late partial dislocation of a laser in situ keratomileusis flap. J Cataract Refract Surg 2001;27:1108-1110.
19. Lemley HL, Chodosh J, Wolf TC, Bogie CP, Hawkins TC. Partial dislocation of laser in situ keratomileusis flap by air bag injury. J Refract Surg 2000;16:373-74.
20. Iskander NG, Peters NT, Penno EA, Gimbel HV. Late traumatic flap dislocation after laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 2001;27:1111-114.
21. Chaudhry NA, Smiddy WE. Displacement of corneal cap during vitrectomy in a post-LASIK eye. Retina 1998;18:554-55.
22. Speaker MG. Prevention and management of flap dislocation. Presented at the Refractive Surgery Subspecialty Meeting, in Dallas, Texas, USA. Oct., 2000.
23. Pannu JS. Incidence and treatment of wrinkled corneal flap following LASIK (letter). J Cataract Refract Surg 1997;23:695-96.
24. Pallikaris IG, Siganos DS. Laser in situ keratomileusis to treat myopia; early experience. J Cataract Refract Surg 1997; 23: 39-49.
25. Joo CK, Kim TG. Corneal perforation during laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999;25:1165-67.
26. Hori Y, Wantanabe H, Maeda N, Inoue Y, Shimomura Y, Tano-Y. Medical treatment of operative corneal perforation caused by laser in situ keratomileusis. Arch Ophthalmol 1999;117:1422-23.
27. Chang SW, Ashraf FM, Azar DT. Wound healing patterns following perforation sustained during laser in situ keratomileusis. J Formos Med Assoc 2000;99:635-41.
28. Smirennaia E, Sheludchenko V, Kourenkova N, Kashnikova O. Management of corneal epithelial defect following laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 2001;17 (2 suppl.):S196-99.
29. Haw WW, Manche EE. Late onset diffuse lamellar keratitis associated with an epithelial defect in six eyes. J Cataract Refract Surg 2000;16:744-48.
30. Shah MN, Misra M, Wihelmus KR, Koch DD. Diffuse lamellar keratitis associated with epithelial defects after laser-in-situ-keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 2000;26:1312-18.
31. Gimbel HV, Basti S, Kaye GB, Ferensowicz M. Experience during the learning curve of laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 1996;22:542-50.
32. Kulatza PV, Stark WJ, O'Brien TP. Management of flap striae. IOC 2000;40:87-92.
33. Rabinowitz YS, Rasheed K. Fluorescein test for the detection of striae in the corneal flap after laser in situ keratomileusis. Am J Ophthalmol 1999;127:717-18.
34. Munoz G, Alio JL, Perez santonja JJ, Attia WH. Successful treatment of severe wrinkled corneal flap after laser in situ keratomileusis with deionized water. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;129:91-92.
35. Steinert RF. LASIK. Intraoperative and post-operative flap striae. In: Buratto L, Brint S editors. LASIK: Surgical Techniques and Complications. Thorofare, NJ: Slack, 2000:563.
36. Helena MC, Meisler D, Wilson SE: Epithelial growth within the lamellar interface after laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK). Cornea 1997;16:300-5
37. Melki SA, Azar DT. Lasik complications: Etiology, Management, and prevention. Surv Ophthalmol 2001;46:95-116.
38. Maloney RK. Epithelial ingrowth after lamellar refractive surgery. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;116:27S 535
39. Castillo A, Diaz-Valle D, Gutierrez AR, Toledano N, Romero F. Peripheral melt of flap after laser in situ keratomileusis. J Refract Surg 1998;14:61-68.
40. Perez-Santonja JJ, Ayala MJ, Sakla HF, Ruiz-Moreno JM, Alio JL. Retreatment after laser in situ keratomileusis. Ophthalmology 1999;106:21-28.
41. Wang MY, Maloney RK. Epithelial ingrowth after laser in situ keratomileusis. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;129:746-51.
42. Domniz Y, Comaish IF, Lawless MA, Sutton GL, Eckshtein R, Collins MB, et al. Epithelial ingrowth: Causes, prevention and treatment in 5 cases. J Cataract Refract Surg 2001;27;1803-11.
43. Godinich AC, Steinert RF, Wu HK. Late occurrence of diffuse lamellar keratitis after laser in situ keratomileusis. Arch Ophthalmol 2001;119:1074-76.
44. Keszei VA. Diffuse lamellar keratitis associated with iritis 10 months after laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 2001;27:1126-27.
45. Smith RJ, Maloney RK. Diffuse lamellar keratitis: A new syndrome in lamellar refractive surgery. Ophthalmology 1998;105:1721-26.
46. Kaufman SC, Maitchouk DY, Chiou AG, Beuerman RW. Interface inflammation after laser in situ keratomileusis. Sands of Sahara syndrome. J Cataract Refract Surg 1998;24:1589-93.
47. Buhren J, Baumeister M, Kohnen T. Diffuse lamellar keratitis after Laser in situ keratomilusis imaged by confocal microscopy. Ophthalmology 2001;108:1075-81.
48. Holland SP, Mathias RG, Morck DW et al. Diffuse lamellar keratitis related to endotoxins released from steriliser reservoir biofilms. Ophthalmology 2000;107;1227-33.
49. Linebarger EJ, Hardten Dr, Lindstrom RL. Diffuse lamellar keratitis: Diagnosis and management (review). J Cataract Refract Surg 2000;26:1072-72.
50. Stern ME, Beuerman RW, Fox RI, Gao J, Mircheff AK, Pflugfelder SC. The pathology of dry eye: The interaction between the ocular surface and lacrimal glands. Cornea 1998;17:584-89.
51. Kanellopoulos AJ, Pallikaris IG, Donnenfeld ED, Detorakis S, Koufala K, Perry HD. Comparison of corneal sensation following photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 1997;23:34-38.
52. Perez-Santonja JJ, Sakla HF, Cardona C, Chipont E, Alio JL. Corneal sensitivity after photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis for low myopia. Am J Ophthalmol 1999;127:497-504.
53. Kim W-S, Kim J-S. Change in corneal sensitivity following laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999;25:368-73.
54. Patel S, Perez-Santonja JJ, Alio JL, Murphy PJ. Corneal sensitivity and some properties of the tear film after laser in situ keratomileusis. J Refract Surg 2001;17:17-24.
55. Linna TU, Perez-Santonja JJ, Tervo KM, Sakla HF, Alio y Sanz JL, Tervo TM. Recovery of corneal nerve morphology following laser in situ keratomileusis. Exp Eye Res 1998;66:755-63.
56. Aras C, Ozdamar A, Bahcecioglu H, Karacorlu M, Sener B, Ozkan S. Decreased tear secretion after laser in situ keratomileusis for high myopia. J Refract Surg 2000;16:362-64.
57. Yu EY, Leung AT, Rao SK, Lam DS. Effect of laser in situ keratomileusis on tear stability. Ophthalmology 2000;107:2131-35.
58. Lee JB, Ryu CH, Kim J-H, Kim EK, Kim HB. Comparison of tear secretion and tear film instability after photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 2000;26:1326-31.
59. Vesaluoma MH, Tervo TT. Tenascin and cytokines in tear fluid after photorefractive keratectomy. J Refract Surg 1998;14:447-54.
60. Vesaluoma M, Teppo AM, Gronhagen-Riska C, Tervo T. Platelet derived growth factor - BB (PGDF - 88) in tear fluid: A potential modulator of cornea wound healing following photorefractive keratectomy. Curr Eye Res 1997;16:825-31.
61. Tuunanen TH, Tervo TMT. Schirmer test values and the outcome of photorefractive keratectomy. J Cataract Refract. Surg 1996;22:702-8.
62. Dursun D, Monroy D, Knighton R, Tervo T, Vesaluoma M, Carraway K, et al. The effects of experimental tear film removal on corneal surface regularity and barrier function. Ophthalmology 2000;107:1754-60.
63. Barraquer J. Querato Mileusis y Queratofaquia. Bogota, Colombia:Instituto Barraqquer de America, 1980:342.
64. Seiler T, Koufala K, Richter G. Iatrogenic keratectasia after laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 1998;14:312-17.
65. Seiler T, Quurke AW. Iatrogenic keratectasia after LASIK in a case of forme fruste keratoconus. J Cataract Refract Surg 1998;24:1007-1009.
66. Argento C, Cosentino MJ, Tytiun A, Rapetti G, Zarate J. Corneal ectasia after laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 2001;27:1440-48.
67. Geggel HS, Talley AR. Delayed onset keratectasia following laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999;25:582-86.
68. Binder PS, Moore M, Lambert RW, Seagrist DM. Comparison of two microkeratome systems. J Cataract Refract Surg 1997;13:142-53.
69. Seitz B, Torres F, Langenbucher A, Behrens A, Suarez E. Posterior corneal curvature changes after myopic laser in situ keratomileusis. Ophthalmology 108;4:666-73.
70. Reinstein DZ, Silverman RH, Sutton HF, Coleman DJ. Very high-frequency ultrasound corneal analysis identifies anatomic correlates of optical complications of lamellar refractive surgery: Anatomic diagnosis in lamellar surgery. Ophthalmology 1999;106:474-82.
71. Allemann N, Chamon W, Silverman RH, Azar DT, Reinstein DZ, Stark WJ et al. High-frequency ultrasound quantitative analysis of corneal scarring following excimer laser keratectomy. Arch Ophthalmol 1993;111:968-73.
72. Azar DT, Yeh PC. Corneal topographic evaluation of decentration in photorefractive keratectomy: Treatment displacement vs. intraoperative drift. Am J Ophthalmol 1997;124:312-20.
73. Alkar N, Genth U, Seiler T. Diametral ablation-a technique to manage decentered photorefractive keratectomy for myopia. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999;15:436-40.
74. Salah T. Reoperation following LASIK. In: Pallikaris IG, Siganos D, Editors. LASIK. Thorofare, NJ: SLACK Incorporated, 1998:307.
75. Talamo JH, Wagoner MD, Lee SY. Management of ablation decentration following excimer photorefractive keratectomy. Arch Ophthalmol 1995;113:706-7.
76. Knorz MC, Jendritza B. Topographically-guided laser in situ keratomileusis to treat corneal irregularities. Ophthalmology 2000;107:1138-43.
77. Krueger RR, Saedy NF, McDonnell PJ. Clinical analysis of steep central islands after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy. Arch Ophthalmol 1996;114:377-81.
78. McGhee CNJ, Bryce IC. Natural history of central topographic islands following excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy. J Cataract Refract Surg 1996;22:1151-58.
79. Tsai Y, Lin JM. Natural history of central islands after laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 2000;26:853-58.
80. Chayet AS, Assil KK, Montes M, Espinosa-Lagana M Castellanos A, Tsioulias G. Regression and its mechanisms after laser in situ keratomileusis in moderate and high myopia. Ophthalmology 1998;105:1194-99.
81. Febbraro JK, Buzard KA, Friedlander MH. Reoperations after myopic laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 2000;26:41-48.
82. Martines E, John ME. The Martines enhancement technique for correcting residual myopia following laser assisted in situ keratomileusis. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:S512-16.
83. Hersh PS, Brint SF, Maloney RK, Durrie DS, Gordon M, Michelson MA, et al. Photorefractive keratectomy versus laser in situ keratomileusis for moderate to high myopia. A randomized prospective study. Ophthalmology 1998;105:1512-23.
84. Lyle WA, Jin GJC. Retreatment after initial laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 2000;26:650-59.
85. El Maghraby A, Salah T, Waring GO III, Klyce S, Ibrahim O. Randomized bilateral comparison of excimer laser in situ keratomileusis and photorefractive keratectomy for 2.50 to 8.00 diopters of myopia. Ophthalmology 1999;106:447-57.
86. El Danasoury MA, El Maghraby A, Klyce SD, Mehrez K. Comparison of photorefractive keratectomy with excimer laser in situ keratomileusis in correcting low myopia (from -2.00 to -5.50 diopters); a randomized study. Ophthalmology 1999;106:411-20.
87. Ditzen K, Handzel A, Pieger S. Laser in situ keratomileusis nomogram development. J Refract Surg 1999;15:S197-201.
88. Serdaveric ON. Laser in situ keratomileusis: Results, complications, and comparison with photorefractive keratectomy for low and moderate myopia. In: Brightbill FS, editor. Corneal Surgery; Theory, Technique, Tissue, 3rd Ed. St. Louis, MO, Mosby 1999;807-19.
89. Rao SK, Cheng AC, Fan DS, Leung AT, Lam DS. Effect of preoperative keratometry on refractive outcomes after laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 2001;27:297-302.
90. Duncker GIW, Amm M, Schroder E. The problem of undercorrection after laser in situ keratomileusis: An explanation (letter). J Refract Surg 1996;12:454.
91. Yi WM, Joo CK. Corneal flap thickness in laser in situ keratomileusis using an SCMD manual microkeratome. J Cataract Refract Surg 2000;26:11034.
92. Naripthaphan P, Vongthongsri A. Evaluation of the reliability of the Nidek MK-2000 microkeratome for laser in situ keratomileusis. J Refract Surg 2001;17:S255-58.
93. Alio JL, Perez-Santonja JJ, Terro T, Tabbara KF, Vesaluoma M, Smith RJ, et al. Post-operative inflammatory, microbial complications and wound healing following laser-in-situ-keratomileusis. J Refract Surg 2000;16:523-38.
94. Kohnen T. Retreating residual refractive errors after excimer surgery of the cornea: PRK versus LASIK (editorial). J Cataract Refract Surg 2000;26:625-26.
95. Peters NT, Iskander NG, Gimbel HV. Minimizing the risk of recutting with a Hansatome over an existing automated corneal shaper flap for hyperopic laser in situ keratomileusis enhancement. J Cataract Refract Surg 2001;27:1328-32.
96. Guell JL, Lohmann CP, Malecaze FA, Junger J, Muller A, Denueville S. Intraepithelial photorefractive keratectomy for regression after laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999;25:670-74.
97. Ismail MM, Alio JL, Perez-Santonja JJ. Noncontact thermokeratoplasty to correct hyperopia induced by laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 1998;24:1191-94.
98. Lindstrom RL, Linebarger EJ, Hardten DR, Houtman DT, Samuelson TW. Early results of hyperopic and astigmatic laser in situ keratomileusis in eyes with secondary hyperopia. Ophthalmology 2000;107:1858-63.
99. Jacobs JM, Sanderson MC, Spivack LD, Wright JR, Roberts AD, Taravella MJ. Hyperopic laser in situ keratomileusis to treat overcorrected myopic LASIK. J Cataract Refract Surg 2001;27:389-95.
100. Machat J. Lasik complications and their management. In: Macha J, editor. Excimer Laser Refractive Surgery: Practice and Principles. Thorofare, NJ: Slack, 1996:359-400.
101. Perez-Santonja JJ, Sakla HF, Abad JL, Zorraquino A, Esteban J, Alio JL. Nocardial keratitis after laser in situ keratomileusis. J Refract Surg 1997;13:314-17.
102. Garg P, Bansal AK, Sharma S, Vemuganti GK. Bilateral infectious keratitis after laser in situ keratomileusis. A case report and review of literature. Ophthalmology 2001;108:121-25.
103. Watanobe H, Sat S, Maeda N, Inoue Y, Shimomura Y, Tano Y. Bilateral corneal infection as a complication of laser in situ keratomileusis case report. Arch Ophthalmol 1997;115:1593-94
104. Karp KO, Hersh PS, Epstein RJ. Delayed keratitis after laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 2000;26:925-28
105. Chung MS, Goldstein MH, Driebe WT, Schwartz BH. Mycobacterium chelonae keratitis after Laser in situ keratomileusis successfully treated with medical therapy and flap removal. Am J Opthalmol 2000;129:382-84.
106. Chung MS, Goldstein MH, Driebe WT, Bruce S. Fungal keratitis after laser in situ keratomileusis: A case report. Cornea 2000;19:236-37.
107. Kouyoumdjian GA, Forstot SL, Durairaj VD, Damiano RE. Infectious keratitis after laser refractive surgery. Ophthalmology 2001;108:1266-68.
108. Gelender H, Carter HL, Bowman B, Beebe W, Walters GR. Mycobacterium keratits after Laser in situ keratomileusis. J Refract Surg 2000;16:191-95.
109. Sridhar MS, Garg P, Bansal AK, Sarma S. Fungal keratitis after laser in situ keraomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 2000;26:613-15.
110. Sridhar MS, Garg P, Bansal AK, Gopinathan U. Aspergillus Flavus Keratitis After Laser in Situ Keratomileusis 2000;129:802-4.
111. Webber SK, Lawless MA, Sutton GL, Rogers CM. Staphylococcal infection under a LASIK flap. Cornea 1999;18:361-65.
112. Kim HM, Song JS, Han HS, Jung HR. Streptococcal keratitis after myopic laser in situ keratomilusis. Korean J Ophthalmolol 1998;18:108-11.
113. Dada T, Sharma N, Dada VK, Vajpayee RB. Pnuemococcal keratitis after laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 2000;26:460-61.
114. Kuo IC, Margolis TP, Cevallos V, Hwang DG. Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis after laser in situ keratomileusis. Cornea 2001;20:342-44.
115. El Danasoury MA, El Maghraby A, Klyce SD, Mehrez K: Comparison of photorefractive keratectomy with excimer laser in situ keratomileusis in correcting low myopia (from -2.00 to -5.50 diopters). A randomised study. Ophthalmology 1999;106:411-20.
116. Stulting RD, Carr JD, Thompson KP, Waring GO III, Wiley WM, Walker JM. Complications of laser in situ keratomileusis for the correction of myopia. Ophthalmology 1999;106:13-20.
117. Davidorf JM, Zaldivar R, Oscherow S: Results and complications of laser in situ keratomileusis by experienced surgeons. J Refract Surg 1998;14:114-22.