Stress, biases, or professionalism: What drives teachers' referral judgments of students with challenging behaviors?

Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 204-212

  Abidin, Richard R ^a   Robinson, Lina L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0036904855     PISSN: 10634266     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/10634266020100040201     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Abidin, R.R. (1995). Parenting Stress Index: Test manual (3rd ed). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
2. Abidin, R.R., & Kmetz, C.A. (1997). Teacher-student interactions as predicted by teaching stress and the perceived quality of the student-teacher relationship. Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the National Association of School Psychologists, Anaheim, CA.
3. Achenbach, T.M. (1991). Manual for the Teacher's Report Form and 1991 Profile. Burlington: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.
4. Algozzine, B. (1977). The emotionally disturbed child: Disturbed or disturbing? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 5(2), 205-211.
5. Algozzine, B., Mercer, C.D., & Countermine, T. (1977). The effects of labels and behavior on teacher expectations. Exceptional Children, 44(2), 131-132.
6. Algozzine, B., & Ysseldyke, J.E. (1981). Special education services for normal students: Better safe than sorry? Exceptional Children, 48, 238-243.
7. Andrews, T.J., Wisniewski, J.J., & Mulick, J.A. (1997). Variables influencing teachers' decisions to refer children for school psychological assessment services. Psychology in the Schools, 34(3), 239-244.
8. Bay, M., & Bryan, T. (1992). Differentiating children who are at risk for referral from others on critical classroom factors. Remedial and Special Education, 13(4), 27-33.
9. Boyle, G.J., Borg, M.G., Folzon, J.M., & Bogliani, A.J.(1995). A structured model of the dimensions of teacher stress. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 65, 49-67.
10. Brophy, J.E., & Good, T.L. (1974). Teacher-student relationships: Causes and consequences. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
11. Chatterjee, S., & Price, B. (1991). Regression analysis by example (2nd ed). New York: Wiley.
12. Cooper, H.M., & Speece, D.L. (1988). A novel methodology for the study of children at risk for school failure. The Journal of Special Education, 22(2), 186-198.
13. Dewe, P.J. (1986). An investigation into the causes and consequences of teacher stress. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 21(2), 145-157.
14. Drabman, R.S., Tarnowski, K.J., & Kelly, P.A. (1987). Are younger classroom children disproportionately referred for childhood academic and behavior problems? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55(6), 907-909.
15. Friedman, I., & Farber, B. (1992). Professional self-concept as a predictor of teacher burnout. The Journal of Education Research, 88(5), 281-289.
16. Giesbrecht, M.L., & Routh, D.K. (1979). The influences of categories of cumulative folder information on teacher referrals of low-achieving children for special educational services. American Educational Research Journal, 16(2), 181-187.
17. Good, T.L., & Brophy, J.E. (1970). Teacher-child dyadic interventions. A new method of classroom observation. The Journal of School Psychology, 8(2), 131-138.
18. Gottlieb, J., Gottlieb, B.W., & Trongone, S. (1991). Parent and teacher referrals for a psychoeducational evaluation. The Journal of Special Education, 25(2), 155-167.
19. Greene, R.W., & Abidin, R.R. (1994). Index of teaching stress. Unpublished questionnaire, University of Virginia.
20. Greene, R.W., Abidin, R.R., & Kmetz, C. (1997). The Index of Teaching Stress: A measure of student-teacher compatibility. Journal of School Psychology, 35(3), 239-259.
21. Greene, M.T., Clopton, J.R., & Pope, A.W. (1996). Understanding gender differences in referral of children to mental health services. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 4(3), 182-190.
22. Gresham, F.M., & Elliot, S.N. (1990). Social Skills Rating System. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
23. Harvey, V.S. (1991). Characteristics of children referred to school psychologists: A discriminant analysis. Psychology in the Schools, 28, 209-218.
24. Hutton, J.B. (1985). What reasons are given by teachers who refer problem behavior students? Psychology in the Schools, 22, 79-82.
25. Lanier, J., & Wittmer, J. (1977). Teacher prejudice in referral of students to EMR programs. The School Counselor, 24(3), 165-170.
26. Lietz, J.J., & Gregory, M.K. (1978). Pupil race and sex determinants of office and exceptional educational referrals. Educational Research Quarterly, 3(2), 61-66.
27. Lloyd, J.W., Kauffman, J.M., Landrum, T.J., & Roe, D.L. (1991). Why do teachers refer pupils for special education? An analysis of referral records. Exceptionality, 2, 115-126.
28. Low, B.P., & Clement, P.W. (1982). Relationships of race and socioeconomic status to classroom behavior, academic achievement, and referral for special education. Journal of School Psychology, 20(2), 103-112.
29. Marston, D., Mirkin, P., & Deno, S. (1984). Curriculum-based measurement: An alternative to traditional screening, referral, and identification. The Journal of Special Education, 18(2), 109-117.
30. Matuszek, P., & Oakland, T. (1979). Factors influencing teachers' and psychologists' recommendations regarding special class placement. Journal of School Psychology, 17(2), 116-125.
31. McIntyre, L.D., & Pernell, E. (1985). The impact of race on teacher recommendations for special education placement. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 13(3), 112-120.
32. McIntyre, L.L. (1990). Teacher standards and gender: Factors in special education referral? Journal of Educational Research, 83(3), 166-172.
33. Pearcy, M.T., Clopton, J.R., & Pope, A.W. (1993). Influences on teacher referral of children to mental health services: Gender, seventy, and internalizing versus externalizing problems. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 1(3), 165-169.
34. Pianta, R.C.,Steinberg, M.S., & Rollins, K.B. (1995). The first two years of school: Teacher-child relationships and deflections in children's classroom adjustment. Development and Psychopathology, 7(2), 295-312.
35. Prieto, A.G., & Zucker, S.H. (1980). The effects of race on teachers' perceptions of educational placement of behaviorally disordered children. Philadelphia: Convention of the Council for Exceptional Children. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 188 427).
36. Ritter, D.R. (1989). Teachers' perceptions of problem behavior in general and special education. Exceptional Children, 55(6), 559-564.
37. Shinn, M.R., Tindal, G.A., & Spira, D.A. (1987). Special education referral as an index of teacher tolerance: Are teachers imperfect tests? Exceptional Children, 54, 32-40.
38. Skiba, R.J., McLeskey, J., Waldron, N.L., & Grizzle, K. (1993). The context of failure in the primary grades: Risk factors in low and high referral rate classrooms. School Psychology Quarterly, 8(2), 81-98.
39. Soodak, L.C.,& Podell, D.M. (1993). Teacher efficacy and student problem as factors in special education referral. Journal of Special Education, 27(1), 66-81.
40. Tobias, S., Cole, C., Zibrin, M., & Bodlakova, V. (1982). Teacher-student ethnicity and recommendations for special education referrals. Journal of Educational Psychology, 74(1), 72-76.
41. Tobias, S., Zibrin, M., & Menell, C. (1983). Special education referrals: Failure to replicate student-teacher ethnicity interaction. Journal of Educational Psychology, 75(5), 705-707.
42. Tucker, J.A. (1980). Ethnic proportions in classes for the learning disabled: Issues in nonbiased assessment. The Journal of Special Education, 14(1), 93-105.
43. Walker, E., Bettes, B., & Ceci, S. (1984). Teachers' assumptions regarding the severity, causes, and outcomes of behavioral problems in preschoolers: implications of referral. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 899-902.
44. Wisniewski, J.J., Andrews, T.J., & Mulick, J.A. (1995). Objective and subjective factors in the disproportionate referral of children for academic problems. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63(6), 1032-1036.
45. Ysseldyke, J.E., Christenson, S., Pianta, B., & Algozzine, B. (1983). An analysis of teachers' reasons and desired outcomes for students referred for psychoeducational assessment. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 1(1) 74-83.