메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 37, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 275-296

Regeneration dynamics, causal factors, and characteristics of pacific ocean-type beech (Fagus Crenata) forests in Japan: A review

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FOREST DYNAMICS; HABITAT TYPE; REGENERATION; SNOW ACCUMULATION; SUCCESSION;

EID: 0036903728     PISSN: 12119520     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF02805212     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (18)

References (168)
  • 1
    • 0035026982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An interactive effect of simultaneous death of dwarf bamboo, canopy gap, and predatory rodents on beech regeneration
    • ABE M., MIGUCHI H., & NAKASHIZUKA T. (2001): An interactive effect of simultaneous death of dwarf bamboo, canopy gap, and predatory rodents on beech regeneration. Oecologia 127: 281-286.
    • (2001) Oecologia , vol.127 , pp. 281-286
    • Abe, M.1    Miguchi, H.2    Nakashizuka, T.3
  • 2
    • 0030798694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dispersion pattern and mortality of seeds and seedlings of Fagus crenata BLUME in a cool temperate forest in western Japan
    • AKASHI N. (1997): Dispersion pattern and mortality of seeds and seedlings of Fagus crenata BLUME in a cool temperate forest in western Japan. Ecol. Res. 12: 159-166.
    • (1997) Ecol. Res. , vol.12 , pp. 159-166
    • Akashi, N.1
  • 3
    • 0012096442 scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of the vegetation structure of the Fagus orientalis forest in Iran and the Fagus crenata forests in Japan
    • AKBARINIA M., HUKUSHIMA T. & KAMIJO T. (1995): A comparative study of the vegetation structure of the Fagus orientalis forest in Iran and the Fagus crenata forests in Japan. J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 43: 75-85.
    • (1995) J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. , vol.43 , pp. 75-85
    • Akbarinia, M.1    Hukushima, T.2    Kamijo, T.3
  • 4
    • 85036762651 scopus 로고
    • Nature of Aizu district (Shinpen-Aizu-Fudoki)
    • Anonymous Hanai S. (1970): Dai-Nippon geography system 26, Yuzankaku, Tokyo
    • ANONYMOUS (1809): Nature of Aizu district (Shinpen-Aizu-Fudoki). In: HANAI S. (1970): Shinpen-Aizu-Fudoki 2, Dai-Nippon geography system 26, Yuzankaku, Tokyo.
    • (1809) Shinpen-Aizu-Fudoki 2
  • 5
    • 85036767524 scopus 로고
    • Aomori Regional Forest Office Aomori Regional forest Office, Aomori (in Japanese)
    • AOMORI REGIONAL FOREST OFFICE (1973): Explanation of forestry in natural beech forests. Aomori Regional forest Office, Aomori (in Japanese).
    • (1973) Explanation of Forestry in Natural Beech Forests
  • 6
    • 0019859552 scopus 로고
    • Last Quaternary tephrochronology and paleo-oceanography of the sediments of the Japan Sea
    • in Japanese with English summary
    • ARAI F., OBA T., KITAZATO H., HORBIE Y. & MACHIDA H. (1981): Last Quaternary tephrochronology and paleo-oceanography of the sediments of the Japan Sea. Quatern. Res. (Nagoya) 20: 209-230 (in Japanese with English summary).
    • (1981) Quatern. Res. (Nagoya) , vol.20 , pp. 209-230
    • Arai, F.1    Oba, T.2    Kitazato, H.3    Horibe, Y.4    Machida, H.5
  • 7
    • 0002941449 scopus 로고
    • The climate of the central North American grassland
    • BORCHERT J.R. (1950): The climate of the central North American grassland. Ann. Assoc. Amer. Geogr. 40(1): 1-39.
    • (1950) Ann. Assoc. Amer. Geogr. , vol.40 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-39
    • Borchert, J.R.1
  • 9
    • 0000076255 scopus 로고
    • Caching and recovery of food by the western fox squirrel
    • CAHALANCE V.H. (1942): Caching and recovery of food by the western fox squirrel. J. Wildlife Managem. 6: 338-352.
    • (1942) J. Wildlife Managem. , vol.6 , pp. 338-352
    • Cahalance, V.H.1
  • 11
    • 0012063648 scopus 로고
    • Structure and species composition of Japan-sea type and Pacific-type beech forests
    • in Japanese
    • FUJITA N. (1986): Structure and species composition of Japan-sea type and Pacific-type beech forests. Stud. Spec. Biol. (Syuseibutsugaku-Kenkyu) 10: 1-13 (in Japanese).
    • (1986) Stud. Spec. Biol. (Syuseibutsugaku-Kenkyu) , vol.10 , pp. 1-13
    • Fujita, N.1
  • 12
    • 0012087604 scopus 로고
    • One-sided distribution of the component species of the Japanese beech forest along either the Pacific or the Japan Sea
    • in Japanese with English synopsis
    • FUJITA N. (1987): One-sided distribution of the component species of the Japanese beech forest along either the Pacific or the Japan Sea. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 38: 311-329 (in Japanese with English synopsis).
    • (1987) Acta Phytotax. Geobot. , vol.38 , pp. 311-329
    • Fujita, N.1
  • 13
    • 0018672136 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the forest history in the Osaka area since Würm glacial age in Japan
    • in Japanese with English summary
    • FURUTANI M. (1979): Studies on the forest history in the Osaka area since Würm glacial age in Japan. Quatern. Res. (Nagoya) 18: 121-141 (in Japanese with English summary).
    • (1979) Quatern. Res. (Nagoya) , vol.18 , pp. 121-141
    • Furutani, M.1
  • 14
    • 0012089071 scopus 로고
    • Past climates
    • Gates D.M. (ed.), Sinauer Associates Inc., Sunderland
    • GATES D.M. (1993): Past climates. In: GATES D.M. (ed.), Climate change and its biological consequences, Sinauer Associates Inc., Sunderland, pp. 36-61.
    • (1993) Climate Change and Its Biological Consequences , pp. 36-61
    • Gates, D.M.1
  • 15
    • 0012064567 scopus 로고
    • The structure of the maple-beech association in northern Michigan
    • GLEASON H.A. (1924): The structure of the maple-beech association in northern Michigan. Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 4: 285-296.
    • (1924) Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. , vol.4 , pp. 285-296
    • Gleason, H.A.1
  • 16
    • 0012032557 scopus 로고
    • Beech Utilization Series No. 13, NE. For. Exp. Stn., USDA For. Serv., Washington
    • HAMILTON K.S. (1955): Silvicultural characteristics of American beech. Beech Utilization Series no. 13. NE. For. Exp. Stn., USDA For. Serv., Washington.
    • (1955) Silvicultural Characteristics of American Beech
    • Hamilton, K.S.1
  • 17
    • 0020863448 scopus 로고
    • A study of the regeneration process of a Japanese beech forest
    • HARA M. (1983): A study of the regeneration process of a Japanese beech forest. Ecol. Rev. 20: 115-129.
    • (1983) Ecol. Rev. , vol.20 , pp. 115-129
    • Hara, M.1
  • 18
    • 0022220787 scopus 로고
    • Forest response to gap formation in a climax beech
    • HARA M. (1985): Forest response to gap formation in a climax beech. Jap. J. Ecol. 35: 337-343.
    • (1985) Jap. J. Ecol. , vol.35 , pp. 337-343
    • Hara, M.1
  • 20
    • 0002177838 scopus 로고
    • Flowering, pollination, pollen collection and pollen germination in Fagus and Quercus species
    • in Japanese with English summary
    • HASHIZUME H. (1975): Flowering, pollination, pollen collection and pollen germination in Fagus and Quercus species. Bull. Fac. Agric. Tottori Univ. 27: 94-107 (in Japanese with English summary).
    • (1975) Bull. Fac. Agric. Tottori Univ. , vol.27 , pp. 94-107
    • Hashizume, H.1
  • 21
    • 0012058660 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of growth of buna (Fagus crenata). Seedlings and nursery practice
    • HASHIZUME H. (1979): Characteristics of growth of buna (Fagus crenata). Seedlings and nursery practice. Bull. Tottori Univ. Forests 11: 55-69.
    • (1979) Bull. Tottori Univ. Forests , vol.11 , pp. 55-69
    • Hashizume, H.1
  • 22
    • 0012063403 scopus 로고
    • The effect of light intensity on the growth and development of Fagus crenata seedlings
    • in Japanese with English summary
    • HASHIZUME H. (1982): The effect of light intensity on the growth and development of Fagus crenata seedlings. Bull. Fac. Agric. Tottori Univ. 34: 82-88 (in Japanese with English summary).
    • (1982) Bull. Fac. Agric. Tottori Univ. , vol.34 , pp. 82-88
    • Hashizume, H.1
  • 23
    • 85036737998 scopus 로고
    • Formation of beechnuts
    • Murai H., Yamatani K., Kataoka H. and Yui M. (eds.), Sofutosaiensu-sya, Tokyo, (in Japanese)
    • HASHIZUME H. (1991): Formation of beechnuts. In: MURAI H., YAMATANI K., KATAOKA H. & YUI M. (eds.), Natural environmental and conservation of beech forests, Sofutosaiensu-sya, Tokyo, pp. 53-58 (in Japanese).
    • (1991) Natural Environmental and Conservation of Beech Forests , pp. 53-58
    • Hashizume, H.1
  • 24
    • 84998386225 scopus 로고
    • Development and maturation of fruits and seeds in Fagus crenata
    • in Japanese with English summary
    • HASHIZUME H. & FUKUTOMI A. (1978): Development and maturation of fruits and seeds in Fagus crenata. Jap. J. Forest. Soc. 60: 163-168 (in Japanese with English summary).
    • (1978) Jap. J. Forest. Soc. , vol.60 , pp. 163-168
    • Hashizume, H.1    Fukutomi, A.2
  • 25
    • 0012033427 scopus 로고
    • Studiees on the process of formation of beech forest (III). Regeneration and growth of natural seedlings in beech forest
    • in Japanese with English summary
    • HASHIZUME H. & NOGUCHI K. (1977): Studiees on the process of formation of beech forest (III). Regeneration and growth of natural seedlings in beech forest. Bull. Tottori Univ. Forests 10: 31-49 (in Japanese with English summary).
    • (1977) Bull. Tottori Univ. Forests , vol.10 , pp. 31-49
    • Hashizume, H.1    Noguchi, K.2
  • 26
    • 0012097446 scopus 로고
    • Production and dispersal of reproductive organs in seed stands of buna (Fagus crenata BLUME) (II). Production and dispersal of pollen
    • HASHIZUME H. & SUGAWARA M. (1985): Production and dispersal of reproductive organs in seed stands of buna (Fagus crenata BLUME) (II). Production and dispersal of pollen. Broad-leaved Tree Res. 3: 75-81.
    • (1985) Broad-leaved Tree Res. , vol.3 , pp. 75-81
    • Hashizume, H.1    Sugawara, M.2
  • 27
    • 85008137819 scopus 로고
    • Seed bearing of beech trees (Fagus crenata BLUME) in the Chugoku district of Japan (I). A survey of fruit bearing
    • in Japanese with English summary
    • HASHIZUME H. & YAMAMOTO S. (1974a): Seed bearing of beech trees (Fagus crenata BLUME) in the Chugoku district of Japan (I). A survey of fruit bearing. Jap. J. Forest. Soc. 56: 165-170 (in Japanese with English summary).
    • (1974) Jap. J. Forest. Soc. , vol.56 , pp. 165-170
    • Hashizume, H.1    Yamamoto, S.2
  • 28
    • 85007953493 scopus 로고
    • Seed bearing of beech trees (Fagus crenata BLUME) in the Chugoku district of Japan (II). The fertility and character of seeds
    • in Japanese with English summary
    • HASHIZUME H. & YAMAMOTO S. (1974b): Seed bearing of beech trees (Fagus crenata BLUME) in the Chugoku district of Japan (II). The fertility and character of seeds. Jap. J. Forest. Soc. 56: 393-398 (in Japanese with English summary).
    • (1974) Jap. J. Forest. Soc. , vol.56 , pp. 393-398
    • Hashizume, H.1    Yamamoto, S.2
  • 29
    • 0012034520 scopus 로고
    • Establishment of beech foests (I). Dispersion of nuts and germination and disappearance of seedlings
    • in Japanese
    • HASHIZUME H. & YAMAMOTO S. (1975): Establishment of beech foests (I). Dispersion of nuts and germination and disappearance of seedlings. Trans. Jap. Forest. Soc. 86: 226-227 (in Japanese).
    • (1975) Trans. Jap. Forest. Soc. , vol.86 , pp. 226-227
    • Hashizume, H.1    Yamamoto, S.2
  • 30
    • 0019218933 scopus 로고
    • History of the late Pleistocene and Holocene vegetation in the Ubuka basin, southwestern Japan
    • in Japanese with English synopsis
    • HATANAKA K. & MIYOSHI N. (1980): History of the late Pleistocene and Holocene vegetation in the Ubuka basin, southwestern Japan. Jap. J. Ecol. 30: 239-244 (in Japanese with English synopsis).
    • (1980) Jap. J. Ecol. , vol.30 , pp. 239-244
    • Hatanaka, K.1    Miyoshi, N.2
  • 32
    • 0028982523 scopus 로고
    • Fluctuation of nut production and seedling appearance of a Japanese beech (Fagus crenata BLUME)
    • HIROKI S. & MATSUBARA T. (1995): Fluctuation of nut production and seedling appearance of a Japanese beech (Fagus crenata BLUME). Ecol. Res. 10: 161-169.
    • (1995) Ecol. Res. , vol.10 , pp. 161-169
    • Hiroki, S.1    Matsubara, T.2
  • 33
    • 0031426548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of snow pressure on growth form and life history of tree species in Japanese beech forest
    • HOMMA K. (1997): Effects of snow pressure on growth form and life history of tree species in Japanese beech forest. J. Veg. Sci. 8: 781-788.
    • (1997) J. Veg. Sci. , vol.8 , pp. 781-788
    • Homma, K.1
  • 36
    • 0027870774 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary studies on the geographic distribution on Fagus in China
    • HONG B. & AN S. (1993): Preliminary studies on the geographic distribution on Fagus in China. Acta Bot. Sin. 35: 229-233.
    • (1993) Acta Bot. Sin. , vol.35 , pp. 229-233
    • Hong, B.1    An, S.2
  • 37
    • 0001825976 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation of China with reference to its geographical distribution
    • HOU H.-Y. (1983): Vegetation of China with reference to its geographical distribution. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 70: 509-548.
    • (1983) Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. , vol.70 , pp. 509-548
    • Hou, H.-Y.1
  • 38
    • 0014250520 scopus 로고
    • Food detection by deermice using olfactory rather than visual cues
    • HOWARD W.E., MARSH R.E. & COLE R.E. (1968): Food detection by deermice using olfactory rather than visual cues. Anim. Behav. 16: 13-17.
    • (1968) Anim. Behav. , vol.16 , pp. 13-17
    • Howard, W.E.1    Marsh, R.E.2    Cole, R.E.3
  • 39
    • 0029520532 scopus 로고
    • New phytosociological classification of beech forests in Japan
    • in Japanese with English synopsis
    • HUKUSHIMA T., TAKASUNA H., MATSSUI T., NISHIO T., KIYAN Y. & TSUNETOMI Y. (1995): New phytosociological classification of beech forests in Japan. Jap. J. Ecol. 45: 79-98 (in Japanese with English synopsis).
    • (1995) Jap. J. Ecol. , vol.45 , pp. 79-98
    • Hukushima, T.1    Takasuna, H.2    Matssui, T.3    Nishio, T.4    Kiyan, Y.5    Tsunetomi, Y.6
  • 40
    • 0029662442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gnawing damage by rodents to the seedlings of Fagus crenata and Quercus mongolica var. Grosseserrata in a temperate Sasa grassland-deciduous forest series in southwestern Japan
    • IDA H. & NAKAGOSHI N. (1996): Gnawing damage by rodents to the seedlings of Fagus crenata and Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata in a temperate Sasa grassland-deciduous forest series in southwestern Japan. Ecol. Res. 11: 97-103.
    • (1996) Ecol. Res. , vol.11 , pp. 97-103
    • Ida, H.1    Nakagoshi, N.2
  • 41
    • 0012096254 scopus 로고
    • Ecology and extermination of mice under snow-cover conditions
    • in Japanese
    • IGARASHI B. (1980): Ecology and extermination of mice under snow-cover conditions. Forest. Ecol. Managem. (Hoppo-Ringyo) 32: 329-331 (in Japanese).
    • (1980) Forest. Ecol. Managem. (Hoppo-Ringyo) , vol.32 , pp. 329-331
    • Igarashi, B.1
  • 42
    • 33748432517 scopus 로고
    • Vermin for seeds in beech forests
    • Murai H., Yamatani K.,Kataoka H. and Yui M. (eds.), Sofutosaiensu-sya, Tokyo, (in Japanese)
    • IGARASHI Y. (1991): Vermin for seeds in beech forests. In: Murai H., Yamatani K. Kataoka H. & Yui M. (eds.), Natural environment and conservation of beech forests, Sofutosaiensu-sya, Tokyo, pp. 226-228 (in Japanese).
    • (1991) Natural Environment and Conservation of Beech Forests , pp. 226-228
    • Igarashi, Y.1
  • 44
    • 0012034523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population dynamics of rodents in the beech forests with different snow accumulation and the predation number estimation of the beech masts
    • in Japanese with English synopsis
    • IRIE K., HOMMA K., MASUZAWA T., MIGUCHI H., SHIMANO K. (1998): Population dynamics of rodents in the beech forests with different snow accumulation and the predation number estimation of the beech masts. J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 46: 37-45 (in Japanese with English synopsis).
    • (1998) J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. , vol.46 , pp. 37-45
    • Irie, K.1    Homma, K.2    Masuzawa, T.3    Miguchi, H.4    Shimano, K.5
  • 45
    • 0000282967 scopus 로고
    • Seed predation by animals
    • JANZEN D. H. (1971): Seed predation by animals. Annual Rev. Ecol. Syst. 7: 347-391.
    • (1971) Annual Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.7 , pp. 347-391
    • Janzen, D.H.1
  • 46
    • 0001316582 scopus 로고
    • Seed detection by the wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus
    • JENNINGS T. J. (1976): Seed detection by the wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus. Oikos 27: 174-177.
    • (1976) Oikos , vol.27 , pp. 174-177
    • Jennings, T.J.1
  • 47
    • 0022206258 scopus 로고
    • Seed-seed predator interaction of European beech, Fagus silvatica and forest rodents, Clethrionomys glaroelus and Apodemus flavicollis
    • JENSEN T. S. (1985): Seed-seed predator interaction of European beech, Fagus silvatica and forest rodents, Clethrionomys glaroelus and Apodemus flavicollis. Oikos 44: 149-156.
    • (1985) Oikos , vol.44 , pp. 149-156
    • Jensen, T.S.1
  • 48
    • 85036724510 scopus 로고
    • Transition of ancient geography
    • Japan Quaternary Research Society (ed.), University-of-Tokyo Press Tokyo, (in Japanese)
    • KAIZUKA S. & NARUSE H. (1977): Transition of ancient geography. In: JAPAN QUATERNARY RESEARCH SPCIETY (ed.), Quaternary research in Japan, University-of-Tokyo Press, Tokyo, pp. 333-351 (in Japanese).
    • (1977) Quaternary Research in Japan , pp. 333-351
    • Kaizuka, S.1    Naruse, H.2
  • 49
    • 0019140587 scopus 로고
    • Late Cenozoic palaeogeography of Japan
    • KAIZUKA S. (1980): Late Cenozoic palaeogeography of Japan. Geojournal 4.2: 101-109.
    • (1980) Geojournal , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 101-109
    • Kaizuka, S.1
  • 50
    • 85036769039 scopus 로고
    • Factors and the effects for nut production and seedling germination in Fagus species
    • Numata M. (ed.), Tokai University Press, Tokyo, (in Japanese)
    • KAJI M. & OHKUBO T. (1995): Factors and the effects for nut production and seedling germination in Fagus species. In: NUMATA M. (ed.), Present ecology and the periphery, Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp. 96-104 (in Japanese).
    • (1995) Present Ecology and the Periphery , pp. 96-104
    • Kaji, M.1    Ohkubo, T.2
  • 51
    • 0012032863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction between beech trees and population dynamics of its herbivorous insects. Induced response against defoliator and predator satiation hypothesis
    • in Japanese
    • KAMATA N. (1996): Interaction between beech trees and population dynamics of its herbivorous insects. Induced response against defoliator and predator satiation hypothesis. Jap. J. Ecol. 46: 191-198 (in Japanese).
    • (1996) Jap. J. Ecol. , vol.46 , pp. 191-198
    • Kamata, N.1
  • 52
    • 0019852176 scopus 로고
    • Fauna and flora of the Japanese islands in the last glacial time
    • Research Group of the Biogeography of Würm Glacial (in Japanese with English summary)
    • KAMEI T. & RESEARCH GROUP OF THE BIOGEOGRAPHY OF WÜRM GLACIAL (1981): Fauna and flora of the Japanese islands in the last glacial time. Quatern. Res. (Nagoya) 20: 191-205 (in Japanese with English summary).
    • (1981) Quatern. Res. (Nagoya) , vol.20 , pp. 191-205
    • Kamei, T.1
  • 53
    • 0012096259 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the process of formation of secondary beech forest in a heavy snowfall region (I). Bending of stems and its influence upon the stratification
    • in Japanese with English summary
    • KAMITANI T. (1984): Studies on the process of formation of secondary beech forest in a heavy snowfall region (I). Bending of stems and its influence upon the stratification. Bull. Niigata Univ. Forests 17: 1-16 (in Japanese with English summary).
    • (1984) Bull. Niigata Univ. Forests , vol.17 , pp. 1-16
    • Kamitani, T.1
  • 54
    • 85008308049 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the process of formation of secondary beech forest in a heavy snowfall region (III). Seed production in secondary beech forest with six different diameter classes
    • in Japanese with English summary
    • KAMITANI T. (1986): Studies on the process of formation of secondary beech forest in a heavy snowfall region (III). Seed production in secondary beech forest with six different diameter classes. J. Jap. Forest. Soc. 68: 447-453 (in Japanese with English summary).
    • (1986) J. Jap. Forest. Soc. , vol.68 , pp. 447-453
    • Kamitani, T.1
  • 55
    • 85036744105 scopus 로고
    • Treatments of broad-leaved forests (3). Beech forests
    • in Japanese
    • KATAOKA Y. (1989): Treatments of broad-leaved forests (3). Beech forests. Ringyo-Gigyutsu 565: 24-27 (in Japanese).
    • (1989) Ringyo-Gigyutsu , vol.565 , pp. 24-27
    • Kataoka, Y.1
  • 56
    • 84935110230 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of leaf form and nature of beech (Fagus crenata) in different sites
    • KAWAMATA Y. & MARUYAMA K. (1972): Comparison of leaf form and nature of beech (Fagus crenata) in different sites. Bull. Niigata Univ. Forests 6: 11-27.
    • (1972) Bull. Niigata Univ. Forests , vol.6 , pp. 11-27
    • Kawamata, Y.1    Maruyama, K.2
  • 57
    • 85036755470 scopus 로고
    • A few discussion of natural beech regeneration in Aizu-Omaesan national forest
    • in Japanese
    • KIKUCHI S. (1935): A few discussion of natural beech regeneration in Aizu-Omaesan national forest. J. Jap. Forest. Soc. 17: 851-876 (in Japanese).
    • (1935) J. Jap. Forest. Soc. , vol.17 , pp. 851-876
    • Kikuchi, S.1
  • 58
    • 0003717587 scopus 로고
    • Macmillan Publishing Company, New York
    • KIMMINS J.P. (1987): Forest ecology. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York.
    • (1987) Forest Ecology
    • Kimmins, J.P.1
  • 59
    • 85036759514 scopus 로고
    • Extermination of field mice under snow cover
    • in Japanese
    • KIMURA K. (1979): Extermination of field mice under snow cover. Forest Ecol. Managem. (Hoppo Ringyo) 31: 301-305 (in Japanese).
    • (1979) Forest Ecol. Managem. (Hoppo Ringyo) , vol.31 , pp. 301-305
    • Kimura, K.1
  • 60
    • 85036770285 scopus 로고
    • Activity of field mice under snow cover
    • in Japanese
    • KIMURA K. & SAWADA Y. (1983): Activity of field mice under snow cover. Forest Conservation 175: 21-23 (in Japanese).
    • (1983) Forest Conservation , vol.175 , pp. 21-23
    • Kimura, K.1    Sawada, Y.2
  • 61
    • 0003762514 scopus 로고
    • Forestry Explanation Series 17. Nippon-Ringyo-Gijutsu-Kyokai, Tokyo (in Japanese)
    • KIRA T. (1949): Forest zone in Japan. Forestry explanation series 17, Nippon-Ringyo-Gijutsu-Kyokai, Tokyo (in Japanese).
    • (1949) Forest Zone in Japan
    • Kira, T.1
  • 62
    • 85036726536 scopus 로고
    • Historic time climatic change recorded in Yaku-Sugi, Cryptomeria japonica
    • Yoshino M. and Yasuda Y. (eds.), Asakura-Syoten, Tokyo, (in Japanese)
    • KITAGAWA H. (1995): Historic time climatic change recorded in Yaku-Sugi, Cryptomeria japonica. In: YOSHIMO M. & YASUDA Y. (eds.), History and climate, Asakura-Syoten, Tokyo, pp. 47-55 (in Japanese).
    • (1995) History and Climate , pp. 47-55
    • Kitagawa, H.1
  • 63
    • 84995111882 scopus 로고
    • Leaf structure and photosynthetic performance as related to forest succession of deciduous broad-leaved trees
    • KOIKE T. (1988): Leaf structure and photosynthetic performance as related to forest succession of deciduous broad-leaved trees. Pl. Spec. Biol. 3: 77-87.
    • (1988) Pl. Spec. Biol. , vol.3 , pp. 77-87
    • Koike, T.1
  • 64
    • 0012063945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative ecophysiology of the leaf photosynthetic traits in Japanese beech grown in provenances facing the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan
    • in Japanese with English abstract
    • KOIKE T. & MARUYAMA Y. (1998): Comparative ecophysiology of the leaf photosynthetic traits in Japanese beech grown in provenances facing the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan. J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 46: 23-28 (in ] Japanese with English abstract).
    • (1998) J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. , vol.46 , pp. 23-28
    • Koike, T.1    Maruyama, Y.2
  • 66
    • 0012058664 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the relation between natural distribution of principal tree species and climatic elements by quantification - Some species in Tohoku district
    • Japanese with English summary
    • KOJIMA C. (1975): Analysis of the relation between natural distribution of principal tree species and climatic elements by quantification - some species in Tohoku district. Bull. Gov. Forest. Exp. Sta. 271: 1-26 (in Japanese with English summary).
    • (1975) Bull. Gov. Forest. Exp. Sta. , vol.271 , pp. 1-26
    • Kojima, C.1
  • 67
    • 0012089870 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal fluctuation of population size, activity and activity area of Apodemus speciosus ainu (THOMAS) in a small stand
    • in Japanese with English abstract
    • KONDO N. (1980): Seasonal fluctuation of population size, activity and activity area of Apodemus speciosus ainu (THOMAS) in a small stand. J. Mammal Soc. Jap. 8: 129-138 (in Japanese with English abstract).
    • (1980) J. Mammal Soc. Jap. , vol.8 , pp. 129-138
    • Kondo, N.1
  • 68
    • 0021539591 scopus 로고
    • The effects of the Japan sea climate on the abnormal distribution of Japanese beech forest
    • KURE H. & YODA K. (1984): The effects of the Japan sea climate on the abnormal distribution of Japanese beech forest. Jap. J. Ecol. 34: 63-73.
    • (1984) Jap. J. Ecol. , vol.34 , pp. 63-73
    • Kure, H.1    Yoda, K.2
  • 69
    • 0001536082 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation and regeneration of beech (Fagus crenata) forest in Gomisawa, Niigata prefecture. Performance of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) planted in beech forest zone and a proposal of natural regeneration in the zone
    • Japanese with English summary
    • MAEDA T., MIYAKAWA K. & TANIMOTO T. (1985): Vegetation and regeneration of beech (Fagus crenata) forest in Gomisawa, Niigata prefecture. Performance of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) planted in beech forest zone and a proposal of natural regeneration in the zone. Bull. Forest. & Forest. Prod. Res. Inst. 333: 123-171 (in Japanese with English summary).
    • (1985) Bull. Forest. and Forest. Prod. Res. Inst. , vol.333 , pp. 123-171
    • Maeda, T.1    Miyakawa, K.2    Tanimoto, T.3
  • 70
    • 0002936655 scopus 로고
    • Studies on natural regeneration of beech (Fagus crenata BLUME)
    • Japanese with English résumé
    • MAEDA T. (1988): Studies on natural regeneration of beech (Fagus crenata BLUME). Special Bull. Coll. Agric. Utsunomiya Univ. 46: 1-79 (in Japanese with English résumé).
    • (1988) Special Bull. Coll. Agric. Utsunomiya Univ. , vol.46 , pp. 1-79
    • Maeda, T.1
  • 71
    • 0012033516 scopus 로고
    • Reconstruction of the Little Ice Age climate
    • Japanese
    • MAEJIMA I. (1984): Reconstruction of the Little Ice Age climate. Earth Sci. J. 93: 413-419 (in Japanese).
    • (1984) Earth Sci. J. , vol.93 , pp. 413-419
    • Maejima, I.1
  • 72
    • 0012093768 scopus 로고
    • Distribution and characteristic of beech zone in the world
    • Japanese
    • MAKITA H. (1981): Distribution and characteristic of beech zone in the world. Geography 26: 20-29 (in Japanese).
    • (1981) Geography , vol.26 , pp. 20-29
    • Makita, H.1
  • 73
    • 0012032562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seedling establishment of Fagus crenata BLUME on the Pacific side of Japan I. Emergence and survival of current-year seedlings on Mt. Mikuni
    • Japanese with English summary
    • MARUTA E. & KAMITANI T. (1996): Seedling establishment of Fagus crenata BLUME on the Pacific side of Japan I. Emergence and survival of current-year seedlings on Mt. Mikuni. Jap. J. Forest Environm. 38: 43-52 (in Japanese with English summary).
    • (1996) Jap. J. Forest Environm. , vol.38 , pp. 43-52
    • Maruta, E.1    Kamitani, T.2
  • 74
    • 0012062713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Desiccation-tolerance of Fagus crenata BLUME seeds from localities of different snowfall regime in central Japan
    • MARUTA E., KAMITANI T., OKABE M. & IDE Y. (1997): Desiccation-tolerance of Fagus crenata BLUME seeds from localities of different snowfall regime in central Japan. J. Forest. Res. 2: 45-50.
    • (1997) J. Forest. Res. , vol.2 , pp. 45-50
    • Maruta, E.1    Kamitani, T.2    Okabe, M.3    Ide, Y.4
  • 75
    • 85008530311 scopus 로고
    • Effect of water stress on photosynthesis and transpiration in three tall deciduous trees
    • MARUYAMA K. & TOYAMA Y. (1987): Effect of water stress on photosynthesis and transpiration in three tall deciduous trees. J. Jap. Forest. Soc. 69: 165-170.
    • (1987) J. Jap. Forest. Soc. , vol.69 , pp. 165-170
    • Maruyama, K.1    Toyama, Y.2
  • 76
    • 0001830267 scopus 로고
    • A study of the seasonal movements and aggregation patterns of sika deer
    • Japanese with English summary
    • MARUYAMA N. (1981): A study of the seasonal movements and aggregation patterns of sika deer. Bull. Fac. Agric. Tokyo Univ. Agric. Technol. 23: 1-85 (in Japanese with English summary).
    • (1981) Bull. Fac. Agric. Tokyo Univ. Agric. Technol. , vol.23 , pp. 1-85
    • Maruyama, N.1
  • 77
    • 0012058665 scopus 로고
    • Restrict factor of Fagus crenata seedling germination. Effect of seed feeding by rodents in Fagus crenata forest during winter season
    • in Japanese
    • MASUZAWA T. & SHIMANO K. (1995): Restrict factor of Fagus crenata seedling germination. Effect of seed feeding by rodents in Fagus crenata forest during winter season. Trans. Jap. Forest. Soc. 106: 405-406 (in Japanese).
    • (1995) Trans. Jap. Forest. Soc. , vol.106 , pp. 405-406
    • Masuzawa, T.1    Shimano, K.2
  • 79
    • 85008521417 scopus 로고
    • Ecological studies on a natural beech forest (XXXVI). Development and dynamics of beechnuts in a mastyear
    • Japanese with English summary
    • MIGUCHI H. & MARUYAMA K. (1984): Ecological studies on a natural beech forest (XXXVI). Development and dynamics of beechnuts in a mastyear. J. Jap. Forest. Soc. 66: 320-327 (in Japanese with English summary).
    • (1984) J. Jap. Forest. Soc. , vol.66 , pp. 320-327
    • Miguchi, H.1    Maruyama, K.2
  • 80
    • 0012031399 scopus 로고
    • Mice and nuts. With reference to Quercus natural regeneration
    • Japanese
    • MIYAKI M. & KIKUZAWA K. (1986): Mice and nuts. With reference to Quercus natural regeneration. Forest. Ecol. Managem. (Hoppo Ringyo) 38: 271-274 (in Japanese).
    • (1986) Forest. Ecol. Managem. (Hoppo Ringyo) , vol.38 , pp. 271-274
    • Miyaki, M.1    Kikuzawa, K.2
  • 81
    • 0019675421 scopus 로고
    • Geomorphological evolution of continental shelves of Tsushima Strait (with reference to the Tsushima land bridge)
    • Japanese with English summary
    • MOGI A. (1981): Geomorphological evolution of continental shelves of Tsushima Strait (with reference to the Tsushima land bridge). Quatern. Res. (Nagoya) 20: 243-256 (in Japanese with English summary).
    • (1981) Quatern. Res. (Nagoya) , vol.20 , pp. 243-256
    • Mogi, A.1
  • 82
    • 0023496937 scopus 로고
    • The vegetational history of the subalpine zone in northeast Japan III. The Hakkoda Mountains
    • in Japanese with English synopsis
    • MORITA Y. (1987): The vegetational history of the subalpine zone in northeast Japan III. The Hakkoda Mountains. Jap. J. Ecol. 37: 107-117 (in Japanese with English synopsis).
    • (1987) Jap. J. Ecol. , vol.37 , pp. 107-117
    • Morita, Y.1
  • 83
    • 0012098129 scopus 로고
    • Vegetational history during the last 12,000 years in the Hachimantai Mountains, northeast Japan
    • in Japanese with English summary
    • MORITA Y. (1992): Vegetational history during the last 12,000 years in the Hachimantai Mountains, northeast Japan. Jap. J. Palynol. 38: 180-191 (in Japanese with English summary).
    • (1992) Jap. J. Palynol. , vol.38 , pp. 180-191
    • Morita, Y.1
  • 84
    • 0002957969 scopus 로고
    • Pollen-analytical study on the vegetational history of the subalpine zone in the northern Tohoku district
    • in Japanese with English summary
    • MORITA Y. & AIZAWA S. (1986): Pollen-analytical study on the vegetational history of the subalpine zone in the northern Tohoku district. Ann. Tohoku Geogr. Assoc. 38: 24-31 (in Japanese with English summary).
    • (1986) Ann. Tohoku Geogr. Assoc. , vol.38 , pp. 24-31
    • Morita, Y.1    Aizawa, S.2
  • 85
    • 85036744083 scopus 로고
    • Fagus crenata
    • NAITO T. (ed.), Kenseisya, Tokyo, in Japanese
    • NAITO T. (1985): Fagus crenata. In: NAITO T. (ed.), Life of plants, Kenseisya, Tokyo, pp. 141-175 (in Japanese).
    • (1985) Life of Plants , pp. 141-175
    • Naito, T.1
  • 86
    • 1642506682 scopus 로고
    • Waldband und Vegetation im Tohoku-Gebiet
    • Miyawakia A. (ed.), Tohoku Shibundo, Tokyo, (in Japanese)
    • NAITO T. & IIZUMI S. (1987): Waldband und Vegetation im Tohoku-Gebiet. In: MIYAWAKI A. (ed.), Vegetation in Japan 8, Tohoku Shibundo, Tokyo, pp. 138-143 (in Japanese).
    • (1987) Vegetation in Japan 8 , pp. 138-143
    • Naito, T.1    Iizumi, S.2
  • 87
    • 0012032099 scopus 로고
    • A study on forest zones in the Chugoku Mountains with a clue of the altitudinal distribution of the oak forest and beech forest in Mt. Mikawa
    • Japanese with English summary
    • NAKANISHI S. & NISHIMOTO T. (1981): A study on forest zones in the Chugoku Mountains with a clue of the altitudinal distribution of the oak forest and beech forest in Mt. Mikawa. Hikobia Suppl. 1: 413-424 (in Japanese with English summary).
    • (1981) Hikobia Suppl. , vol.1 , pp. 413-424
    • Nakanishi, S.1    Nishimoto, T.2
  • 88
    • 0020928022 scopus 로고
    • Regeneration process of climax beech (Fagus crenata BLUME) forests IV. Gap formation
    • NAKASHIZUKA T. (1984): Regeneration process of climax beech (Fagus crenata BLUME) forests IV. gap formation. Jap. J. Ecol. 34: 75-85.
    • (1984) Jap. J. Ecol. , vol.34 , pp. 75-85
    • Nakashizuka, T.1
  • 89
    • 0023499116 scopus 로고
    • Regeneration dynamics of beech forests in Japan
    • NAKASHIZUKA T. (1987): Regeneration dynamics of beech forests in Japan. Vegetatio 69: 169-175.
    • (1987) Vegetatio , vol.69 , pp. 169-175
    • Nakashizuka, T.1
  • 91
    • 0002205171 scopus 로고
    • Composition, dynamics and disturbance regime of temperate deciduous forests in Monsoon Asia
    • NAKASHIZUKA T. & IIDA S. (1995): Composition, dynamics and disturbance regime of temperate deciduous forests in Monsoon Asia. Vegetatio 121: 23-30.
    • (1995) Vegetatio , vol.121 , pp. 23-30
    • Nakashizuka, T.1    Iida, S.2
  • 92
    • 0020404381 scopus 로고
    • Regeneration process of climax beech forests 1. Structure of a beech forest with the undergrowth of Sasa
    • NAKASHIZUKA T. & NUMATA M. (1982): Regeneration process of climax beech forests 1. Structure of a beech forest with the undergrowth of Sasa. Jap. J. Ecol. 32: 57-67.
    • (1982) Jap. J. Ecol. , vol.32 , pp. 57-67
    • Nakashizuka, T.1    Numata, M.2
  • 93
    • 0023469281 scopus 로고
    • Seed predation and cross-pollination in mast-seeding beech (Fagus sylvatica) patches
    • NILSSON S.G. & WASTLJUNG U. (1987): Seed predation and cross-pollination in mast-seeding beech (Fagus sylvatica) patches. Ecology 68: 260-265.
    • (1987) Ecology , vol.68 , pp. 260-265
    • Nilsson, S.G.1    Wastljung, U.2
  • 94
    • 0025660601 scopus 로고
    • Geographical distribution and zonal interpretation of intermediate-temperate forests in eastern Japan
    • Japanese with English synopsis
    • NOZAKI R. & OKUTOMI K. (1990): Geographical distribution and zonal interpretation of intermediate-temperate forests in eastern Japan. Jap. J. Ecol. 40: 57-69 (in Japanese with English synopsis).
    • (1990) Jap. J. Ecol. , vol.40 , pp. 57-69
    • Nozaki, R.1    Okutomi, K.2
  • 95
    • 85036729381 scopus 로고
    • Beech forests in Japan and the world, and the vegetation
    • Umehara T. et al. (eds.), Shisaku-sya, Tokyo, in Japanese
    • OHBA T. (1985): Beech forests in Japan and the world, and the vegetation. In: UMEHARA T. et al. (eds.), Beech zone culture, Shisaku-sya, Tokyo, pp. 201-230 (in Japanese).
    • (1985) Beech Zone Culture , pp. 201-230
    • Ohba, T.1
  • 96
    • 85036730947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation of Tanzawa Mountains (Advanced study on the Fagetea crenatae region)
    • Kanawaga Prefecture, Yokohama, (in Japanese)
    • OHNO K. & OZEKI T. (1997): Vegetation of Tanzawa Mountains (Advanced study on the Fagetea crenatae region). In: Scientific Reports on the Natural Environment of the Tanzawa and Ohyama Mountains, Kanawaga Prefecture, Yokohama, pp. 103-121 (in Japanese).
    • (1997) Scientific Reports on the Natural Environment of the Tanzawa and Ohyama Mountains , pp. 103-121
    • Ohno, K.1    Ozeki, T.2
  • 97
    • 0012032563 scopus 로고
    • Differentiation and biogeography of Fagus climax in east Asia
    • in Japanese
    • OHSAWA M. & TAKIGUCHI S. (1987): Differentiation and biogeography of Fagus climax in east Asia. Bull. Bot. Soc. Nagano 20: 26-30 (in Japanese).
    • (1987) Bull. Bot. Soc. Nagano , vol.20 , pp. 26-30
    • Ohsawa, M.1    Takiguchi, S.2
  • 98
    • 0019151104 scopus 로고
    • Late Quaternary sea-level change recorded on the topographic features of several straits around the Okinawa islands
    • in Japanese with English summary
    • OHSHIMA K. (1980a): Late Quaternary sea-level change recorded on the topographic features of several straits around the Okinawa islands. Quatern. Res. (Nagoya) 18: 251-257 (in Japanese with English summary).
    • (1980) Quatern. Res. (Nagoya) , vol.18 , pp. 251-257
    • Ohshima, K.1
  • 99
    • 0018915747 scopus 로고
    • Recording the late-Quaternary sea-level change on the topographic features of the straits of the Japanese islands
    • in Japanese with English summary
    • OHSHIMA K. (1980b): Recording the late-Quaternary sea-level change on the topographic features of the straits of the Japanese islands. Quatern. Res. (Nagoya) 19: 23-37 (in Japanese with English summary).
    • (1980) Quatern. Res. (Nagoya) , vol.19 , pp. 23-37
    • Ohshima, K.1
  • 100
    • 0020429141 scopus 로고
    • Lowest Sea-level in the last glaciation of the Japanese islands
    • Japanese with English summary
    • OHSHIMA K. (1982): Lowest Sea-level in the last glaciation of the Japanese islands. Quatern. Res. (Nagoya) 21: 211-222 (in Japanese with English summary).
    • (1982) Quatern. Res. (Nagoya) , vol.21 , pp. 211-222
    • Ohshima, K.1
  • 101
    • 0025586669 scopus 로고
    • The history of straits around the Japanese islands in the late-Quaternary
    • in Japanese with English summary
    • OHSHIMA K. (1990): The history of straits around the Japanese islands in the late-Quaternary. Quatern. Res. (Nagoya) 29: 193-208 (in Japanese with English summary).
    • (1990) Quatern. Res. (Nagoya) , vol.29 , pp. 193-208
    • Ohshima, K.1
  • 102
    • 0012065056 scopus 로고
    • Hokkaido University Press, Sapporo (in Japanese)
    • OHTA Y. (1984): Study of mice in Hokkaido. Hokkaido University Press, Sapporo (in Japanese).
    • (1984) Study of Mice in Hokkaido
    • Ohta, Y.1
  • 103
    • 0004172124 scopus 로고
    • Revised edition. Sibundo, Tokyo (in Japanese)
    • OHWI J. (1972): Flora of Japan. Revised edition. Sibundo, Tokyo (in Japanese).
    • (1972) Flora of Japan
    • Ohwi, J.1
  • 104
    • 0001337196 scopus 로고
    • Floral change in coastal areas on the Western Japan Sea since the middle Pleistocene
    • Japanese with English summary
    • ONISHI I. (1990): Floral change in coastal areas on the Western Japan Sea since the middle Pleistocene. Quatern. Res. (Nagoya) 29: 223-234 (in Japanese with English summary).
    • (1990) Quatern. Res. (Nagoya) , vol.29 , pp. 223-234
    • Onishi, I.1
  • 105
    • 0021624015 scopus 로고
    • Last glacial paleoclimate reconstructed from glacial and periglacial landforms in Japan
    • Ser. B
    • ONO Y. (1984): Last glacial paleoclimate reconstructed from glacial and periglacial landforms in Japan. Geogr. Rev. Jap. 57(Ser. B): 87-100.
    • (1984) Geogr. Rev. Jap. , vol.57 , pp. 87-100
    • Ono, Y.1
  • 106
    • 0012064914 scopus 로고
    • Snow dynamics and ecological characteristics of trees on snowy mountain slope
    • Japanese with English summary
    • ONODERA H., TANAVE H., KAJIMOTO T. & DAIMARU H. (1995): Snow dynamics and ecological characteristics of trees on snowy mountain slope. Jap. J. Forest. Environm. 37: 59-66 (in Japanese with English summary).
    • (1995) Jap. J. Forest. Environm. , vol.37 , pp. 59-66
    • Onodera, H.1    Tanabe, H.2    Kajimoto, T.3    Daimaru, H.4
  • 107
    • 0012065057 scopus 로고
    • A study of food preference as an attraction bait for wild rat, Rattus argentivener in Indonesia
    • Japanese with English summary
    • OTSU S. (1979): A study of food preference as an attraction bait for wild rat, Rattus argentivener in Indonesia. Jap. J. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 23: 207-211 (in Japanese with English summary).
    • (1979) Jap. J. Appl. Entomol. Zool. , vol.23 , pp. 207-211
    • Otsu, S.1
  • 108
    • 0012032869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural woodland in Europe and North America
    • PETERKEN G.F. (ed.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • PETERKEN G. F. (1996): Natural woodland in Europe and North America. In: PETERKEN G.F. (ed.), Natural woodland, Ecology and conservation in northern temperate regions, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 33-53.
    • (1996) Natural Woodland, Ecology and Conservation in Northern Temperate Regions , pp. 33-53
    • Peterken, G.F.1
  • 110
    • 0031445699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht
    • PETERS R. (1997): Beech forests. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
    • (1997) Beech Forests
    • Peters, R.1
  • 111
    • 0025631105 scopus 로고
    • Gap dynamics in an Ohio Acer-Fagus forest and speculations on the geography of disturbance
    • RUNKLE J. R. (1990): Gap dynamics in an Ohio Acer-Fagus forest and speculations on the geography of disturbance. Canad. J. Forest Res. 20: 632-641.
    • (1990) Canad. J. Forest Res. , vol.20 , pp. 632-641
    • Runkle, J.R.1
  • 113
    • 0012033517 scopus 로고
    • Precious nature, the Oze moor
    • Nakamura K., Koike K. and Takeuchi K. (eds.), Kanto district, Iwanami-Syoten, Tokyo, (in Japanese)
    • SAKAGUCHI U. (1994): Precious nature, the Oze moor. In: NAKAMURA K., KOIKE K. & TAKEUCHI K. (eds.), Nature in Japan (3), Kanto district, Iwanami-Syoten, Tokyo, pp. 32-44 (in Japanese).
    • (1994) Nature in Japan , vol.3 , pp. 32-44
    • Sakaguchi, U.1
  • 114
    • 0012063416 scopus 로고
    • Versuch zur systematischen und geographischen Gliederung der Japanischen Buchenwaldgesellschaften
    • SASAKI Y. (1970): Versuch zur systematischen und geographischen Gliederung der Japanischen Buchenwaldgesellschaften. Vegetatio 20: 214-249.
    • (1970) Vegetatio , vol.20 , pp. 214-249
    • Sasaki, Y.1
  • 115
    • 0000829767 scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting the natural regeneration of sessile oak (Quercus petraea) in north Wales. 2. Acorn losses and germination under field conditions
    • SHAW M.W. (1968): Factors affecting the natural regeneration of sessile oak (Quercus petraea) in north Wales. 2. Acorn losses and germination under field conditions. J. Ecol. 56: 647-660.
    • (1968) J. Ecol. , vol.56 , pp. 647-660
    • Shaw, M.W.1
  • 117
    • 0012034452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What prevents beech (Fagus crenata) from regenerating in Pacific Ocean type beech forest?
    • Japanese with English abstract
    • SHIMANO K. (1998): What prevents beech (Fagus crenata) from regenerating in Pacific Ocean type beech forest? J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 46: 11-21 (in Japanese with English abstract).
    • (1998) J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. , vol.46 , pp. 11-21
    • Shimano, K.1
  • 118
    • 0000208696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Present and future states of beech forest on the Tanzawa mountains
    • Japanese with English synopsis
    • SHIMANO K. (1999a): Present and future states of beech forest on the Tanzawa mountains. Eco-Habitat 6: 103-111 (in Japanese with English synopsis).
    • (1999) Eco-Habitat , vol.6 , pp. 103-111
    • Shimano, K.1
  • 119
    • 0012061825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of snow upon Japan Sea type beech forests
    • Japanese with English abstract
    • SHIMANO K. (1999b): The effects of snow upon Japan Sea type beech forests. J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 47: 97-106 (in Japanese with English abstract).
    • (1999) J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. , vol.47 , pp. 97-106
    • Shimano, K.1
  • 120
    • 0034098628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A power function for forest structure and regeneration pattern of pioneer and climax species in patch mosaic forests
    • SHIMANO K. (2000a): A power function for forest structure and regeneration pattern of pioneer and climax species in patch mosaic forests. Pl. Ecol. 146: 205-218.
    • (2000) Pl. Ecol. , vol.146 , pp. 205-218
    • Shimano, K.1
  • 121
    • 0012087608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safe sites of beech (Fagus crenata) seedlings improved by falling down dwarf bamboo due to snow accumulation in spring season
    • SHIMANO K. (2000b): Safe sites of beech (Fagus crenata) seedlings improved by falling down dwarf bamboo due to snow accumulation in spring season. Veg. Sci. 17: 89-95.
    • (2000) Veg. Sci. , vol.17 , pp. 89-95
    • Shimano, K.1
  • 122
    • 0012095715 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of preservation of Fagus crenata BLUME under different snow condition
    • SHIMANO K. & MASUZAWA T. (1995): Comparison of preservation of Fagus crenata BLUME under different snow condition. J. Jap. Forest. Soc. 77: 79-82.
    • (1995) J. Jap. Forest. Soc. , vol.77 , pp. 79-82
    • Shimano, K.1    Masuzawa, T.2
  • 123
    • 0031883102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of snow accumulation on survival of beech (Fagus crenata) seed
    • SHIMANO K. & MASUZAWA T. (1998): Effects of snow accumulation on survival of beech (Fagus crenata) seed. Pl. Ecol. 134: 235-242.
    • (1998) Pl. Ecol. , vol.134 , pp. 235-242
    • Shimano, K.1    Masuzawa, T.2
  • 124
    • 0012061826 scopus 로고
    • Effect of snow deposit on the seed disappearance of Fagus crenata Blume
    • SHIMANO K., MASUZAWA T. & OKITSU S. (1995): Effect of snow deposit on the seed disappearance of Fagus crenata Blume. Techn. Bull. Fac. Hort. Chiba Univ. 49: 111-118.
    • (1995) Techn. Bull. Fac. Hort. Chiba Univ. , vol.49 , pp. 111-118
    • Shimano, K.1    Masuzawa, T.2    Okitsu, S.3
  • 125
    • 0027868362 scopus 로고
    • Regeneration of mixed Fagus crenata - Fagus japonica forests in meeting Mito, Okutama, west of Tokyo
    • in Japanese, with English synopsis
    • SHIMANO K. & OKITSU S. (1993): Regeneration of mixed Fagus crenata - Fagus japonica forests in meeting Mito, Okutama, west of Tokyo. Jap. J. Ecol. 43: 13-20 (in Japanese, with English synopsis).
    • (1993) Jap. J. Ecol. , vol.43 , pp. 13-20
    • Shimano, K.1    Okitsu, S.2
  • 126
    • 0028682382 scopus 로고
    • Regeneration of natural Fagus crenata forests around Kanto district
    • Japanese with English synopsis
    • SHIMANO K. & OKITSU S. (1994): Regeneration of natural Fagus crenata forests around Kanto district. Jap. J. Ecol. 44: 283-291 (in Japanese with English synopsis).
    • (1994) Jap. J. Ecol. , vol.44 , pp. 283-291
    • Shimano, K.1    Okitsu, S.2
  • 128
    • 0012032359 scopus 로고
    • Fruiting cycle and local variation on seed production of Japanese beech (Fagus crenata BLUME)
    • in Japanese
    • SUZUKI W. (1989): Fruiting cycle and local variation on seed production of Japanese beech (Fagus crenata BLUME). Jap. J. Forest Environm. 31: 7-13 (in Japanese).
    • (1989) Jap. J. Forest Environm. , vol.31 , pp. 7-13
    • Suzuki, W.1
  • 129
    • 0002122656 scopus 로고
    • Forest changes since the Late Glacial Period in the Hira mountains of the Kinki Region, Japan
    • TAKAHARA H,. YAMAGUSHI H. & TAKEOKA M. (1989): Forest changes since the Late Glacial Period in the Hira mountains of the Kinki Region, Japan. J. Jap. Forest. Soc. 71: 223-231.
    • (1989) J. Jap. Forest. Soc. , vol.71 , pp. 223-231
    • Takahara, H.1    Yamagushi, H.2    Takeoka, M.3
  • 130
    • 0002497318 scopus 로고
    • Plant distribution and snow accumulation
    • Japanese
    • TAKAHASHI K. (1960): Plant distribution and snow accumulation. Jap. J. Forest Environm. 2: 19-24 (in Japanese).
    • (1960) Jap. J. Forest Environm. , vol.2 , pp. 19-24
    • Takahashi, K.1
  • 131
    • 0003134299 scopus 로고
    • Studies on vertical distribution of the forest in middle Honshu
    • Japanese with English résumé
    • TAKAHASHI K. (1962): Studies on vertical distribution of the forest in middle Honshu. Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Stat. 142: 1-171 (in Japanese with English résumé).
    • (1962) Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Stat. , vol.142 , pp. 1-171
    • Takahashi, K.1
  • 132
    • 0027075825 scopus 로고
    • Foot morphology and distribution of Sika deer in relation to snow depth in Japan
    • TAKATSUKI S. (1992): Foot morphology and distribution of Sika deer in relation to snow depth in Japan. Ecol. Res. 7: 19-23.
    • (1992) Ecol. Res. , vol.7 , pp. 19-23
    • Takatsuki, S.1
  • 133
    • 0028160041 scopus 로고
    • Effects of Sika deer on the regeneration of a Fagus crenata forest on Kinkazan Island, northern Japan
    • TAKATSUKI S. & GORAI T. (1994): Effects of Sika deer on the regeneration of a Fagus crenata forest on Kinkazan Island, northern Japan. Ecol. Res. 9: 115-120.
    • (1994) Ecol. Res. , vol.9 , pp. 115-120
    • Takatsuki, S.1    Gorai, T.2
  • 136
    • 85036756637 scopus 로고
    • Pollen drafted by wind
    • Kawano S. (ed.), Kyoikusha, Tokyo, in Japanese
    • TANAKA H. (1989): Pollen drafted by wind. In: KAWANO S. (ed.), World of plants 4, Kyoikusha, Tokyo, pp. 32-37 (in Japanese).
    • (1989) World of Plants 4 , pp. 32-37
    • Tanaka, H.1
  • 137
    • 0012058668 scopus 로고
    • Structure and regeneration of the Fagus crenata-Abies mariesii forest
    • TANAKA N. (1986): Structure and regeneration of the Fagus crenata-Abies mariesii forest. Bull. Tokyo Univ. Forests 75: 141-197.
    • (1986) Bull. Tokyo Univ. Forests , vol.75 , pp. 141-197
    • Tanaka, N.1
  • 138
    • 0012061828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expansion of elevational distribution of beech (Fagus crenata BLUME) along the climatic gradient from the Pacific Ocean to the Sea of Japan in Honshu, Japan
    • Omasa K. et al. (eds.), Springer, New York
    • TANAKA N. & TAODA H. (1996): Expansion of elevational distribution of beech (Fagus crenata BLUME) along the climatic gradient from the Pacific Ocean to the Sea of Japan in Honshu, Japan. In: OMASA K. et al. (eds.), Climate change and plants in East Asia, Springer, New York, pp. 175-184.
    • (1996) Climate Change and Plants in East Asia , pp. 175-184
    • Tanaka, N.1    Taoda, H.2
  • 139
    • 0012064581 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the regeneration dynamics and its techniques for the restoration of beech (Fagus crenata BLUME) forests (I). Nut production, dispersal and seedling survival in a canopy opening formation in Mt. Tateyama area, Toyama Pref., central Japan
    • Japanese with English summary
    • TANIMOTO T. (1994): Studies on the regeneration dynamics and its techniques for the restoration of beech (Fagus crenata BLUME) forests (I). Nut production, dispersal and seedling survival in a canopy opening formation in Mt. Tateyama area, Toyama Pref., central Japan. Bull. Utsunomiya Univ. Forests 30: 1-18 (in Japanese with English summary).
    • (1994) Bull. Utsunomiya Univ. Forests , vol.30 , pp. 1-18
    • Tanimoto, T.1
  • 140
    • 0012064582 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between dwarf bamboo structure and beech seedlings
    • Japanese
    • TANIMOTO T., SUZUKI W. & ASANUMA S. (1983): Relationship between dwarf bamboo structure and beech seedlings. Trans. Jap. Forest. Soc. 94: 375-378 (in Japanese).
    • (1983) Trans. Jap. Forest. Soc. , vol.94 , pp. 375-378
    • Tanimoto, T.1    Suzuki, W.2    Asanuma, S.3
  • 141
    • 0001524336 scopus 로고
    • Food habits and cashing behavior of urban grey squirrels
    • THOMPSON D.C. & THOMPSON P.S. (1980): Food habits and cashing behavior of urban grey squirrels. Canad. J. Zool. 58: 701-710.
    • (1980) Canad. J. Zool. , vol.58 , pp. 701-710
    • Thompson, D.C.1    Thompson, P.S.2
  • 142
    • 85036731832 scopus 로고
    • Report of Kanagawa Forest Foundation, Kanagawa Forest Foundation, Yokohama (in Japanese)
    • TOHYAMA M. & SAKAI A. (1993): Beech forests in Kanagawa. Report of Kanagawa Forest Foundation, Kanagawa Forest Foundation, Yokohama (in Japanese).
    • (1993) Beech Forests in Kanagawa
    • Tohyama, M.1    Sakai, A.2
  • 144
    • 0021077768 scopus 로고
    • Tephrostratigraphy and vegetation changes since latest Pleistocene time in the north Hakkoda mountains, northern Japan
    • Japanese with English summary
    • TSUJI S., MIYAJI N. & YOSHIKAWA M. (1983): Tephrostratigraphy and vegetation changes since latest Pleistocene time in the north Hakkoda mountains, northern Japan. Quatern. Res. (Nagoya) 21: 301-313 (in Japanese with English summary).
    • (1983) Quatern. Res. (Nagoya) , vol.21 , pp. 301-313
    • Tsuji, S.1    Miyaji, N.2    Yoshikawa, M.3
  • 145
    • 0019788073 scopus 로고
    • The last 12,000 years. The vegetation history of Japan. II. New pollen zones
    • Japanese with English synopsis
    • TSUKADA M. (1981): The last 12,000 years. The vegetation history of Japan. II. New pollen zones. Jap. J. Ecol. 31: 201-215 (in Japanese with English synopsis).
    • (1981) Jap. J. Ecol. , vol.31 , pp. 201-215
    • Tsukada, M.1
  • 146
    • 51249185731 scopus 로고
    • Late-Quaternary shift of Fagus distribution
    • TSUKADA M. (1982): Late-Quaternary shift of Fagus distribution. Bot. Mag. Tokyo 95: 203-217.
    • (1982) Bot. Mag. Tokyo , vol.95 , pp. 203-217
    • Tsukada, M.1
  • 147
    • 0021557066 scopus 로고
    • A vegetation map in the Japanese archipelago approximately 20,000 years B.P
    • Japanese with English synopsis
    • TSUKADA M. (1984): A vegetation map in the Japanese archipelago approximately 20,000 years B.P. Jap. J. Ecol. 34: 203-208 (in Japanese with English synopsis).
    • (1984) Jap. J. Ecol. , vol.34 , pp. 203-208
    • Tsukada, M.1
  • 148
    • 0002086719 scopus 로고
    • Glacial and Holocene vegetation history -20ky to present. Japan
    • Huntley E. and Webb T. (eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht
    • TSUKADA M. (1988): Glacial and Holocene vegetation history -20ky to present. Japan. In: HUNTLEY E. & WEBB T. (eds.), Vegetation history, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 459-518.
    • (1988) Vegetation History , pp. 459-518
    • Tsukada, M.1
  • 149
    • 0022855586 scopus 로고
    • Behaviours of the main temperate plants in Hokkaido along climatic gradients
    • Japanese with English synopsis
    • UEMURA S., TAKEDA Y. & NAKANISHI S. (1986): Behaviours of the main temperate plants in Hokkaido along climatic gradients. Jap. J. Ecol. 36: 141-152 (in Japanese with English synopsis).
    • (1986) Jap. J. Ecol. , vol.36 , pp. 141-152
    • Uemura, S.1    Takeda, Y.2    Nakanishi, S.3
  • 150
    • 0024944239 scopus 로고
    • Snowcover as a factor controlling the distribution and speciation of forest plants
    • UEMURA S. (1989): Snowcover as a factor controlling the distribution and speciation of forest plants. Vegetatio 82: 127-137.
    • (1989) Vegetatio , vol.82 , pp. 127-137
    • Uemura, S.1
  • 151
    • 0028176160 scopus 로고
    • Removal of wind-dispersed pine seeds by ground-foraging vertebrates
    • VANDER WALL S.B. (1994): Removal of wind-dispersed pine seeds by ground-foraging vertebrates. Oikos 69: 125-132.
    • (1994) Oikos , vol.69 , pp. 125-132
    • Vander Wall, S.B.1
  • 152
    • 0001740653 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the density of the insect-population in virgin-forest and cultivated woods
    • VOUTE A.D. (1946): Regulation of the density of the insect-population in Virgin-forest and cultivated woods. Arch. Neerl. Zool. 7: 435-470.
    • (1946) Arch. Neerl. Zool. , vol.7 , pp. 435-470
    • Voute, A.D.1
  • 153
    • 0027884061 scopus 로고
    • Dwarf bamboos affect the regeneration of zoochorous trees by providing habitats to acorn-feeding rodents
    • WADA N. (1993): Dwarf bamboos affect the regeneration of zoochorous trees by providing habitats to acorn-feeding rodents. Oecologia 94: 403-407.
    • (1993) Oecologia , vol.94 , pp. 403-407
    • Wada, N.1
  • 154
    • 0001914344 scopus 로고
    • Pattern and process in the plant community
    • WATT A.S. (1947): Pattern and process in the plant community. J. Ecol. 35: 664-685.
    • (1947) J. Ecol. , vol.35 , pp. 664-685
    • Watt, A.S.1
  • 155
    • 0001199775 scopus 로고
    • The self-thinning rule
    • WESTOBY M. (1984): The self-thinning rule. Advances Ecol. Res. 14: 167-225.
    • (1984) Advances Ecol. Res. , vol.14 , pp. 167-225
    • Westoby, M.1
  • 156
    • 0019522908 scopus 로고
    • The allometric interpretation of the self-thinning rule
    • WHITE J. (1981): The allometric interpretation of the self-thinning rule. J. Theor. Biol. 89: 475-500.
    • (1981) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.89 , pp. 475-500
    • White, J.1
  • 157
    • 51249177440 scopus 로고
    • Gap dynamics in climax Fagus crenata forests
    • YAMAMOTO S.-I. (1989): Gap dynamics in climax Fagus crenata forests. Bot. Mag. Tokyo 102: 93-114.
    • (1989) Bot. Mag. Tokyo , vol.102 , pp. 93-114
    • Yamamoto, S.-I.1
  • 158
    • 0012033438 scopus 로고
    • Climate analysis in Japanese historical time
    • Japanese
    • YAMAMOTO T. (1980): Climate analysis in Japanese historical time. Weather 27: 77-85 (in Japanese).
    • (1980) Weather , vol.27 , pp. 77-85
    • Yamamoto, T.1
  • 161
    • 0012095718 scopus 로고
    • On the characteristics of floor plants and regeneration of Buna (Fagus crenata) natural forest-especially on sasa plants
    • Japanese with English abstract
    • YANAGITANI S.-I., KON T. & KONISHI A. (1971): On the characteristics of floor plants and regeneration of Buna (Fagus crenata) natural forest-especially on sasa plants. Jap. J. Forest. Soc. 53: 146-148 (in Japanese with English abstract).
    • (1971) Jap. J. Forest. Soc. , vol.53 , pp. 146-148
    • Yanagitani, S.-I.1    Kon, T.2    Konishi, A.3
  • 162
    • 0012098133 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation history and paleogeography of the Kawachi plain for the last 13,000 years
    • Japanese with English summary
    • YASUDA Y. (1978): Vegetation history and paleogeography of the Kawachi plain for the last 13,000 years. Quatern. Res. (Nagoya) 16: 211-229 (in Japanese with English summary).
    • (1978) Quatern. Res. (Nagoya) , vol.16 , pp. 211-229
    • Yasuda, Y.1
  • 163
    • 85036764723 scopus 로고
    • Climate change in and after the last glacial age with the analysis of sedimentation
    • in Japanese
    • YASUDA Y. (1983): Climate change in and after the last glacial age with the analysis of sedimentation. Study Note Meteorol. 147: 613-626 (in Japanese).
    • (1983) Study Note Meteorol. , vol.147 , pp. 613-626
    • Yasuda, Y.1
  • 164
    • 85036751976 scopus 로고
    • Natural histories and cultures in beech forests between the East and the West
    • Umehara T. et al. (eds.), Shisaku-sya, Tokyo, (in Japanese)
    • YASUDA Y. (1985): Natural histories and cultures in beech forests between the East and the West. In: Umehara T. et al. (eds.), Beech zone culture. Shisaku-sya, Tokyo, pp. 29-63 (in Japanese).
    • (1985) Beech Zone Culture , pp. 29-63
    • Yasuda, Y.1
  • 165
    • 0023517892 scopus 로고
    • The cold climate of the last glacial age in Japan. A comparison with southern Europe
    • Japanese with English summary
    • YASUDA Y. (1987): The cold climate of the last glacial age in Japan. A comparison with southern Europe. Quatern. Res. (Nagoya) 25: 277-294 (in Japanese with English summary).
    • (1987) Quatern. Res. (Nagoya) , vol.25 , pp. 277-294
    • Yasuda, Y.1
  • 166
    • 0019791195 scopus 로고
    • Calculated thermal index maps for the reconstruction of past vegetation since the last glacial age in Japan
    • YASUDA Y. & NARITA K. (1981): Calculated thermal index maps for the reconstruction of past vegetation since the last glacial age in Japan. Geogr. Rev. Jap. 54: 369-381.
    • (1981) Geogr. Rev. Jap. , vol.54 , pp. 369-381
    • Yasuda, Y.1    Narita, K.2
  • 167
    • 0000349121 scopus 로고
    • Self-thinning in overcrowded pure stands under cultivated and natural conditions
    • YODA K., KIRA T., OGAWA H. & HOZUMI K. (1963): Self-thinning in overcrowded pure stands under cultivated and natural conditions. J. Biol. Osaka City Univ. 14: 107-129.
    • (1963) J. Biol. Osaka City Univ. , vol.14 , pp. 107-129
    • Yoda, K.1    Kira, T.2    Ogawa, H.3    Hozumi, K.4
  • 168
    • 85036765361 scopus 로고
    • Japanese past climate in historic time
    • in Japanese
    • YOSHINO M. (1982): Japanese past climate in historic time. Meteorology 26: 6709-6713 (in Japanese).
    • (1982) Meteorology , vol.26 , pp. 6709-6713
    • Yoshino, M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.