Investigation of rifle marksmanship on simulated targets during thermal discomfort

Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine

Volumn 73, Issue 12, 2002, Pages 1176-1183

  Tikuisis, Peter ^a   Keefe, Allan A ^a   Keillor, Jocelyn ^a   Grant, Stuart ^a   Johnson, Richard F ^a  

^a DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Cold exposure; Heat debt; Heat exposure; Heat storage; Shooting performance

Indexed keywords

HYDROCORTISONE;

ACCURACY; ADULT; ARTICLE; BODY TEMPERATURE; COLD EXPOSURE; COLD SENSATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DYNAMIC EXERCISE; FEMALE; FIREARM; HAND; HEART RATE; HEAT INJURY; HEAT LOSS; HEAT SENSATION; HEAT STRESS; HUMAN; MALE; MUSCLE FATIGUE; NORMAL HUMAN; RECTUM TEMPERATURE; SALIVA LEVEL; SIMULATION; SKILL; SOLDIER; SPORT; TASK PERFORMANCE; THERMAL EXPOSURE; URBAN AREA; WATER IMMERSION;

ADULT; COLD; CROSS-OVER STUDIES; FEMALE; FIREARMS; HEAT; HUMANS; HYDROCORTISONE; MALE; SALIVA; TASK PERFORMANCE AND ANALYSIS;

EID: 0036897394     PISSN: 00956562     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Aardal E, Holm A-C. Cortisol in saliva - Reference ranges and relation to cortisol in serum. Eur J CIin Chem Clin Biochem 1995; 33:927-32.
2. B-GL-382-002/PT-001. Military Training, Vol 6. Shoot-to-Live, Part 1 Policy. Canada: Department of National Defence; 2000.
3. Borg GAV. Perceived exertion as an indicator of somatic stress. Scan J Rehab Med 1970; 2:92-8.
4. Durnin JVGA, Womersley J. Body fat assessed from total density and its estimation from skinfold thickness: Measurements on 481 men and women aged from 16 to 72 years. Br J Nutr 1974; 32:77-97.
5. Dusek ER. Effect of temperature on manual performance. In: Fisher FR, ed. Protection and Functioning of the Hands in Cold Climates. Washington, DC: National Academy of Science -NRC; 1957:63-76.
6. Enander AE. Effects of thermal stress on human performance. Scand J Work Environ Health 1989; 15(suppl 1):27-33.
7. Enander AE, Hygge S. Thermal stress and human performance. Scand J Work Environ Health 1990; 16(suppl 1):44-50.
8. Gagge AP, Stolwijk JAJ, Hardy JD. Comfort and thermal sensations and associated physiological responses at various ambient temperatures. Environ Res 1967; 1:1-20.
9. Hancock PA. Task categorization and the limits of human performance in extreme heat. Aviat Space Environ Med 1982; 53:778-84.
10. Hart SG, Staveland LE. Development of the NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of empirical and theoretical research. In: Hancock PA, Meshkati N, eds. Human Mental Workload. Amsterdam, North-Holland: Elsevier; 1988:139-83.
11. Johnson RF, Kobrick JL. Effects of wearing chemical protective clothing on rifle marksmanship and on sensory and psychomotor tasks. Mil Psych 1997; 9(4):301-14.
12. Johnson RF. Statistical Measures of Marksmanship. Natick, MA: U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine; 2001. Technical Report No:TN-01/2.
13. Lakie M, Villagra F, Bowman I, Wilby R. Shooting performance is related to forearm temperature and hand tremor size. J Sports Sci 1995; 13:313-20.
14. Lockhart JM, Kiess HO, Clegg TJ. Effect of rate and level of lowered finger surface temperature on manual performance. J Appl Psych 1975; 60:106-13.
15. Parsons KC. Human Thermal Environments. London, UK: Taylor & Francis; 1993.
16. Ramsey JD. Task performance in heat: A review. Ergonomics 1995; 38(1):154-65.
17. Reading JE, Kincaid PS, Roberts DE, et al. The Effects of Shivering on Rifle Shooting Performance in U.S. Marines. San Diego, CA: U.S. Naval Health Research Center; 1998. Report No: 94-5.
18. Sampson JB, Kobrick JL, Johnson RF. Measurement of subjective reactions to extreme environments: The environmental symptoms questionnaire. Mil Psych 1994; 6(4):215-33.
19. Schendel JD, Heller FH. Use of Weaponeer marksmanship trainer in predicting M16A1 rifle qualification performance. Hum Fac 1985; 27(3):313-25.
20. Tharion WJ, Szlyk PC, Rauch TM. Fluid loss and body rehydration effects on marksmanship. In: Proceedings of the Medical Defense Bioscience Review; Aberdeen, MD. Fort Detrick, MD: US Army Medical Research and Development Command; 1989:885-8.
21. Tharion WJ, Hoyt RW, Marlowe BE, Cymerman A. Effects of high altitude and exercise on marksmanship. Aviat Apace Environ Med 1992; 63:114-7.
22. Tharion WJ, Montain SJ, O'Brien C, et al. Effects of military exercise tasks and a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink on rifle shooting performance in two shooting positions. Int J Indust Ergo 1997; 19:31-9.
23. Tikuisis P, Bell DG, Jacobs I. Shivering onset, metabolic response, and convective heat transfer during cold air exposure. J Appl Physiol 1991; 70(5):1996-2002.
24. Tikuisis P, Ducharme MB. The effect of postural changes on body temperatures and heat balance. Eur J Appl Physiol 1996; 72:451-9.
25. Tikuisis P, Giesbrecht GG. Prediction of shivering heat production from core and mean skin temperatures. Eur J Appl Physiol 1999; 79:221-9.
26. Vaughan WS. Distraction effect of cold water on performance of higher-order tasks. Undersea Biomed Res 1977; 4(2):103-16.