메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 254, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 232-246

Bone microstructure and developmental plasticity in birds and other dinosaurs

Author keywords

Bone histology; Cretaceous birds; Growth

Indexed keywords

DIAGNOSTIC AGENT; TETRACYCLINE;

EID: 0036896456     PISSN: 03622525     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10029     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (206)

References (84)
  • 1
    • 0011836237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tetracyclines
    • Adams R, editor. Ames: Iowa State University Press
    • Adams R. 2001. Tetracyclines. In: Adams R, editor. Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Ames: Iowa State University Press.
    • (2001) Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics
    • Adams, R.1
  • 2
    • 0001309646 scopus 로고
    • La structure du tissu osseaux envisagée comme expression de differences dans la vitesse de l'acroissement
    • Amprino R. 1947. La structure du tissu osseaux envisagée comme expression de differences dans la vitesse de l'acroissement. Arch Biol (Liège) 58:315-330.
    • (1947) Arch Biol (Liège) , vol.58 , pp. 315-330
    • Amprino, R.1
  • 3
  • 4
    • 0011848685 scopus 로고
    • La struttura della ossa nei vertebrate. Ricerche comparative negli amfibi e negli amnioti
    • Amprino R, Godina G. 1947. La struttura della ossa nei vertebrate. Ricerche comparative negli amfibi e negli amnioti. Comment Pont Acad Sci 11:329-467.
    • (1947) Comment Pont Acad Sci , vol.11 , pp. 329-467
    • Amprino, R.1    Godina, G.2
  • 5
    • 0028351105 scopus 로고
    • Structural response of growing bone to exercise and disuse
    • Biewener AA, Bertram JEA. 1994. Structural response of growing bone to exercise and disuse. J Appl Physiol 76:946-955.
    • (1994) J Appl Physiol , vol.76 , pp. 946-955
    • Biewener, A.A.1    Bertram, J.E.A.2
  • 6
    • 0028977558 scopus 로고
    • Nest predation as a selective factor in the evolution of developmental rates in altricial birds
    • Bosque C, Bosque MT. 1995. Nest predation as a selective factor in the evolution of developmental rates in altricial birds. Am Nat 145:234-260.
    • (1995) Am Nat , vol.145 , pp. 234-260
    • Bosque, C.1    Bosque, M.T.2
  • 7
    • 0035526717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth patterns deduced from the bone histology of the cynodonts Diademodon and Cynognathus
    • Botha J, Chinsamy A. 2000. Growth patterns deduced from the bone histology of the cynodonts Diademodon and Cynognathus. J Vert Paleontol 20:705-711.
    • (2000) J Vert Paleontol , vol.20 , pp. 705-711
    • Botha, J.1    Chinsamy, A.2
  • 8
    • 0001742227 scopus 로고
    • Donnés préliminaries sur la structure des marques de croissance squelettique chez les crocodilians actuels et fossils
    • Buffrénil de V. 1980a. Donnés préliminaries sur la structure des marques de croissance squelettique chez les crocodilians actuels et fossils. Bull Soc Zool Fr 105:355-361.
    • (1980) Bull Soc Zool Fr , vol.105 , pp. 355-361
    • De Buffrénil, V.1
  • 9
    • 0003112629 scopus 로고
    • Mise en evidence de l'incidence des conditions de milieu sur la croissance de Crocodylus siamensis (Schneider, 1801) et valeur des marques de croissance squelettiques comme indicateur de l'âge individual
    • Buffrénil de V. 1980b. Mise en evidence de l'incidence des conditions de milieu sur la croissance de Crocodylus siamensis (Schneider, 1801) et valeur des marques de croissance squelettiques comme indicateur de l'âge individual. Arch Zool Exp Gén 121:63-76.
    • (1980) Arch Zool Exp Gén , vol.121 , pp. 63-76
    • De Buffrénil, V.1
  • 10
    • 0003138470 scopus 로고
    • La squelettochronologie chez les Reptiles. I. Résultats expérimentaux sur la signification des marques de croissance squelettique chez les Lézards et les tortues
    • Castanet J, 1985. La squelettochronologie chez les Reptiles. I. Résultats expérimentaux sur la signification des marques de croissance squelettique chez les Lézards et les tortues. Ann Soc Nat Zool Paris 7:23-40.
    • (1985) Ann Soc Nat Zool Paris , vol.7 , pp. 23-40
    • Castanet, J.1
  • 11
    • 0011893568 scopus 로고
    • La squelettochronologie chez les Reptiles. II. Résultats expérimentaux sur la signification de marques de croissance squelettiques chez les serpents. Le marques sur la croissance et la longévité de la Vipère Aspic
    • Castanet J, Naulleau G. 1985. La squelettochronologie chez les Reptiles. II. Résultats expérimentaux sur la signification de marques de croissance squelettiques chez les serpents. Le marques sur la croissance et la longévité de la Vipère Aspic. Ann Soc Nat Zool Paris 7:41-62.
    • (1985) Ann Soc Nat Zool Paris , vol.7 , pp. 41-62
    • Castanet, J.1    Naulleau, G.2
  • 12
    • 0030500433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age estimation in desmognathine salamanders assessed by skeletochronology
    • Castanet J, Francillon-Veillot H, Bruce R. 1996a. Age estimation in desmognathine salamanders assessed by skeletochronology. Herpetologia 52:160-171.
    • (1996) Herpetologia , vol.52 , pp. 160-171
    • Castanet, J.1    Francillon-Veillot, H.2    Bruce, R.3
  • 13
    • 0029996120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression de la dynamique de croissance dans la structure de l'os périostique ches Anas platyrhynchos
    • Castanet J, Grandin A, Abourachid A, de Ricqlès A. 1996b. Expression de la dynamique de croissance dans la structure de l'os périostique ches Anas platyrhynchos. CR Acad Sci Paris (Life Sci) 319:301-308.
    • (1996) CR Acad Sci Paris (Life Sci) , vol.319 , pp. 301-308
    • Castanet, J.1    Grandin, A.2    Abourachid, A.3    De Ricqlès, A.4
  • 14
    • 0343893697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Periosteal bone growth rates in extant ratites (ostrich and emu). Implications for assessing growth in dinosaurs
    • Castanet J, Curry-Rogers K, Cubo J, Boisard JJ. 2000. Periosteal bone growth rates in extant ratites (ostrich and emu). Implications for assessing growth in dinosaurs. CR Acad Sci Paris (Life Sci) 323:543-550.
    • (2000) CR Acad Sci Paris (Life Sci) , vol.323 , pp. 543-550
    • Castanet, J.1    Curry-Rogers, K.2    Cubo, J.3    Boisard, J.J.4
  • 15
    • 0028972440 scopus 로고
    • The first 85 million years of avian evolution
    • Chiappe LM. 1995. The first 85 million years of avian evolution. Nature 378:349-355.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.378 , pp. 349-355
    • Chiappe, L.M.1
  • 16
    • 0003093358 scopus 로고
    • Physiological implications of the bone histology of Syntarsus rhodesiensis Saurischia: Theropoda
    • Chinsamy A. 1990. Physiological implications of the bone histology of Syntarsus rhodesiensis Saurischia: Theropoda. Palaeont Afr 27:77-82.
    • (1990) Palaeont Afr , vol.27 , pp. 77-82
    • Chinsamy, A.1
  • 17
    • 0027790779 scopus 로고
    • Image analysis and the physiological implications of the vascularization of femora in archosaurs
    • Chinsamy A. 1993. Image analysis and the physiological implications of the vascularization of femora in archosaurs. Mod Geol 19:101-108.
    • (1993) Mod Geol , vol.19 , pp. 101-108
    • Chinsamy, A.1
  • 18
    • 0002111344 scopus 로고
    • Ontogenetic changes in the bone histology of the late Jurassic ornithopod Dryosaurus lettowvorbecki
    • Chinsamy A. 1995. Ontogenetic changes in the bone histology of the late Jurassic ornithopod Dryosaurus lettowvorbecki. J Vert Paleontol 15:96-104.
    • (1995) J Vert Paleontol , vol.15 , pp. 96-104
    • Chinsamy, A.1
  • 19
    • 84895363732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone microstructure of Cretaceous birds
    • Chinsamy A. 2000. Bone microstructure of Cretaceous birds. Vert Pal Asiatica (Suppl) 38:7.
    • (2000) Vert Pal Asiatica (Suppl) , vol.38 , pp. 7
    • Chinsamy, A.1
  • 20
    • 0001253381 scopus 로고
    • Inside a dinosaur bone
    • Chinsamy A, Dodson P. 1995. Inside a dinosaur bone. Am Sci 83:174-180.
    • (1995) Am Sci , vol.83 , pp. 174-180
    • Chinsamy, A.1    Dodson, P.2
  • 21
    • 0002698522 scopus 로고
    • Preparation of bone for histological study
    • Chinsamy A, Raath MA. 1992 Preparation of bone for histological study. Palaeont Afr 29:39-44.
    • (1992) Palaeont Afr , vol.29 , pp. 39-44
    • Chinsamy, A.1    Raath, M.A.2
  • 22
    • 0027796079 scopus 로고
    • Dicynodont (Therapsida) bone histology: Phylogenetic and physiological implications
    • Chinsamy A, Rubidge BS. 1993. Dicynodont (Therapsida) bone histology: Phylogenetic and physiological implications. Palaeont Afr 30:97-102.
    • (1993) Palaeont Afr , vol.30 , pp. 97-102
    • Chinsamy, A.1    Rubidge, B.S.2
  • 23
    • 0028224351 scopus 로고
    • Growth rings in Mesozoic avian bones. Physiological implications for basal birds
    • Chinsamy A, Chiappe L, Dodson P. 1994. Growth rings in Mesozoic avian bones. Physiological implications for basal birds. Nature 368:196-197.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.368 , pp. 196-197
    • Chinsamy, A.1    Chiappe, L.2    Dodson, P.3
  • 24
    • 0029541518 scopus 로고
    • The bone microstructure of Patagopteryx and Enanthiornithines
    • Chinsamy A, Chiappe L, Dodson P. 1995. The bone microstructure of Patagopteryx and Enanthiornithines. Paleobiology 21: 561-197.
    • (1995) Paleobiology , vol.21 , pp. 561-197
    • Chinsamy, A.1    Chiappe, L.2    Dodson, P.3
  • 25
    • 0032051446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone microstructure of the diving Herperornis and the volant Ichthyornis from the Niobara Chalk of Western Kansas
    • Chinsamy A, Martin LD, Dodson P. 1998. Bone microstructure of the diving Herperornis and the volant Ichthyornis from the Niobara Chalk of Western Kansas. Cretaceous Res 19:225-235.
    • (1998) Cretaceous Res , vol.19 , pp. 225-235
    • Chinsamy, A.1    Martin, L.D.2    Dodson, P.3
  • 26
    • 0000689308 scopus 로고
    • Differences in the blood-supply of bone of different histological types
    • Currey JD. 1960. Differences in the blood-supply of bone of different histological types. Q J Microsc Sci 101:351-370.
    • (1960) Q J Microsc Sci , vol.101 , pp. 351-370
    • Currey, J.D.1
  • 27
    • 0033265470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ontogenetic histology of Apatosaurus (Dinosauria: Sauropoda: New insights on growth rates and longevity
    • Curry KA. 1999. Ontogenetic histology of Apatosaurus (Dinosauria: Sauropoda: New insights on growth rates and longevity. J Vert Paleobiol 19:654-665.
    • (1999) J Vert Paleobiol , vol.19 , pp. 654-665
    • Curry, K.A.1
  • 30
    • 0018579104 scopus 로고
    • Etude expérimentale des marques de croissant sure les humérus et les fémurs de Tritons crětés (Triturus cristatus cristatus Laurenti en relation avec la d'termination de l'âge individuel
    • Francillon H. 1979. Etude expérimentale des marques de croissant sure les humérus et les fémurs de Tritons crětés (Triturus cristatus cristatus Laurenti en relation avec la d'termination de l'âge individuel. Acta Zool (Stockh) 60:223-232.
    • (1979) Acta Zool (Stockh) , vol.60 , pp. 223-232
    • Francillon, H.1
  • 33
    • 0033393965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in dinosaur skeletochronology indicators: Implications for age assessment and physiology
    • Horner JR, de Ricqlès A, Padian K. 1999. Variation in dinosaur skeletochronology indicators: Implications for age assessment and physiology. Paleobiology 25:295-304.
    • (1999) Paleobiology , vol.25 , pp. 295-304
    • Horner, J.R.1    De Ricqlès, A.2    Padian, K.3
  • 34
    • 0007712583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long bone histology of the hadrosaurid dinosaur Maiasaura peeplesorum: Growth dynamics and physiology based on an ontogenetic series of skeletal elements
    • Horner JR, Ricqlès de A, Padian K. 2000. Long bone histology of the hadrosaurid dinosaur Maiasaura peeplesorum: Growth dynamics and physiology based on an ontogenetic series of skeletal elements. J Vert Paleobiol 20:115-129.
    • (2000) J Vert Paleobiol , vol.20 , pp. 115-129
    • Horner, J.R.1    De Ricqlès, A.2    Padian, K.3
  • 35
    • 0000702282 scopus 로고
    • Age determination of living Nile crocodiles from the cortical stratification of bone
    • Hutton JM. 1986. Age determination of living Nile crocodiles from the cortical stratification of bone. Copeia 1986:332-341.
    • (1986) Copeia , vol.1986 , pp. 332-341
    • Hutton, J.M.1
  • 36
    • 0028827044 scopus 로고
    • Ontogenetic development of gut function, growth and metabolism, in a wild bird, the red jungle fowl
    • Jackson S, Diamond JM. 1995. Ontogenetic development of gut function, growth and metabolism, in a wild bird, the red jungle fowl. Am J Physiol 269 (Regul Integr Comp Physiol) 38:R1163-Rl173.
    • (1995) Am J Physiol 269 (Regul Integr Comp Physiol) , vol.38
    • Jackson, S.1    Diamond, J.M.2
  • 37
    • 0011840360 scopus 로고
    • Reducing body fat in broiler chickens and some physiological consequences
    • Jones GPD, Farrell DJ. 1989. Reducing body fat in broiler chickens and some physiological consequences. S Afr J Anim Sci 19:179-183.
    • (1989) S Afr J Anim Sci , vol.19 , pp. 179-183
    • Jones, G.P.D.1    Farrell, D.J.2
  • 40
    • 0000143063 scopus 로고
    • Determination of age in birds by layers in the periosteal zone
    • Klevezal GA, Kallar Salas AV, Kirpichev SP. 1972. Determination of age in birds by layers in the periosteal zone. Zool Zhurnal 11:1726-1729.
    • (1972) Zool Zhurnal , vol.11 , pp. 1726-1729
    • Klevezal, G.A.1    Kallar Salas, A.V.2    Kirpichev, S.P.3
  • 41
    • 0033777634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of food shortage and oversupply on energy utilisation, histology, and function of the gut in nestling song thrushes (Turdus philomelos
    • Konarzewski M, Starck JM. 2000. Effects of food shortage and oversupply on energy utilisation, histology, and function of the gut in nestling song thrushes (Turdus philomelos. Physiol Biochem Zool 73:416-427.
    • (2000) Physiol Biochem Zool , vol.73 , pp. 416-427
    • Konarzewski, M.1    Starck, J.M.2
  • 42
    • 0030067282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of short-term feed restriction, realimentation and over-feeding on growth of song thrush (Turdus philomelos nestlings)
    • Konarzewski M, Kowalczyk J, Świerubska T, Lewończuk B. 1996. Effect of short-term feed restriction, realimentation and over-feeding on growth of song thrush (Turdus philomelos nestlings). Funct Ecol 10:97-105.
    • (1996) Funct Ecol , vol.10 , pp. 97-105
    • Konarzewski, M.1    Kowalczyk, J.2    Świerubska, T.3    Lewończuk, B.4
  • 43
    • 0000490177 scopus 로고
    • Estimating the age of male Phasianus colchicus by bone histology and spur length
    • Koubek P, Hrabě V. 1984. Estimating the age of male Phasianus colchicus by bone histology and spur length. Folia Zool 33:303-313.
    • (1984) Folia Zool , vol.33 , pp. 303-313
    • Koubek, P.1    Hrabě, V.2
  • 45
    • 0017192188 scopus 로고
    • Mechanical function as an influence on the structure and form of bone
    • Lanyon LE, Baggott DC. 1976. Mechanical function as an influence on the structure and form of bone. J Bone Jt Surg 58B: 436-443.
    • (1976) J Bone Jt Surg , vol.58 B , pp. 436-443
    • Lanyon, L.E.1    Baggott, D.C.2
  • 46
    • 0032168429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digestive responses during food restriction and realimentation in nestling house sparrow (Passer domesticus)
    • Lepczyk CA, Vidal E, Karasov WH. 1998. Digestive responses during food restriction and realimentation in nestling house sparrow (Passer domesticus). Physiol Zool 71:516-573.
    • (1998) Physiol Zool , vol.71 , pp. 516-573
    • Lepczyk, C.A.1    Vidal, E.2    Karasov, W.H.3
  • 47
    • 0001963477 scopus 로고
    • Periosteal layers do not indicate ages of sandhill cranes
    • Lewis JC. 1979. Periosteal layers do not indicate ages of sandhill cranes. J Wildl Manage 43:269-271.
    • (1979) J Wildl Manage , vol.43 , pp. 269-271
    • Lewis, J.C.1
  • 48
    • 0030996927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual size dimorphism and age in the midwife toads Alytes obstetricians and A. cisternasii
    • Márquez R, Esteban M, Castanet J. 1997. Sexual size dimorphism and age in the midwife toads Alytes obstetricians and A. cisternasii. J Herpetol 31:52-59.
    • (1997) J Herpetol , vol.31 , pp. 52-59
    • Márquez, R.1    Esteban, M.2    Castanet, J.3
  • 49
    • 0030620970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New evidence concerning avian origins from the late Cretaceous of Patagonia
    • Novas FE, Puerta PF. 1997. New evidence concerning avian origins from the late Cretaceous of Patagonia. Nature 387:390-392.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.387 , pp. 390-392
    • Novas, F.E.1    Puerta, P.F.2
  • 50
    • 0001539934 scopus 로고
    • Ontogenesis of intestinal nutrient transport in domestic chickens Gallus gallus and its relation to growth
    • Obst BS, Diamond JM. 1992. Ontogenesis of intestinal nutrient transport in domestic chickens Gallus gallus and its relation to growth. Auk 109:451-464.
    • (1992) Auk , vol.109 , pp. 451-464
    • Obst, B.S.1    Diamond, J.M.2
  • 51
    • 0031887360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The origin and early evolution of birds
    • Padian K, Chiappe LM. 1998. The origin and early evolution of birds. Biol Rev 73:1-42.
    • (1998) Biol Rev , vol.73 , pp. 1-42
    • Padian, K.1    Chiappe, L.M.2
  • 52
    • 0031106984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid reversible changes in organ size as a component of adaptive behavior
    • Piersma T, Lindström A. 1997. Rapid reversible changes in organ size as a component of adaptive behavior. Trends Ecol Evol 12:134-138.
    • (1997) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.12 , pp. 134-138
    • Piersma, T.1    Lindström, A.2
  • 53
    • 0002897183 scopus 로고
    • Zonal 'growth rings' in dinosaurs
    • Reid REH. 1990. Zonal 'growth rings' in dinosaurs. Mod Geol 15:19-48.
    • (1990) Mod Geol , vol.15 , pp. 19-48
    • Reid, R.E.H.1
  • 54
    • 0021558737 scopus 로고
    • The optimization of growth rate in altricial birds
    • Ricklefs RE. 1984. The optimization of growth rate in altricial birds. Ecology 65:1602-1616.
    • (1984) Ecology , vol.65 , pp. 1602-1616
    • Ricklefs, R.E.1
  • 57
    • 0000632284 scopus 로고
    • On bone histology of fossil and living reptiles, with comments on its functional and evolutionary significance
    • Bellairds AA, Cox CB, editors. London: Linnean Society Symposium Series
    • Ricqlès de A. 1976. On bone histology of fossil and living reptiles, with comments on its functional and evolutionary significance. In: Bellairds AA, Cox CB, editors. Morphology and Biology of Reptiles. London: Linnean Society Symposium Series, vol. 3. p 123-151.
    • (1976) Morphology and Biology of Reptiles , vol.3 , pp. 123-151
    • De Ricqlès, A.1
  • 58
    • 0001229710 scopus 로고
    • Tissue structure of dinosaur bone: Functional significance and possible relation to dinosaur physiology
    • Thomas RD, Olson EC, editors. A cold look at the warm blooded dinosaurs. Boulder: Westview Press
    • Ricqlès de A. 1980. Tissue structure of dinosaur bone: functional significance and possible relation to dinosaur physiology. In: Thomas RD, Olson EC, editors. A cold look at the warm blooded dinosaurs. Boulder: Westview Press. AAAS Selected Symposium 28. p 103-139.
    • (1980) AAAS Selected Symposium , vol.28 , pp. 103-139
    • De Ricqlès, A.1
  • 59
    • 0011877413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The bone histology of basal birds in phylogenetic and ontogenetic perspectives
    • Gauthier J, editor. Yale University Press (in press)
    • Ricqlès de A, Padian K, Horner JR. The bone histology of basal birds in phylogenetic and ontogenetic perspectives. In: Gauthier J, editor. The Ostrom Symposium. Yale University Press (in press).
    • The Ostrom Symposium
    • De Ricqlès, A.1    Padian, K.2    Horner, J.R.3
  • 60
    • 0029477831 scopus 로고
    • Analyse paléohistologique d'une série de croissance partielle chez Lapparentosaurus madagascarensi (Jurassique moyen): Essai sur la dynamique de croissance d'un dinosaure sauropode
    • Rimblot-Baly F, de Ricqlès A, Zylberberg L. 1995. Analyse paléohistologique d'une série de croissance partielle chez Lapparentosaurus madagascarensi (Jurassique moyen): Essai sur la dynamique de croissance d'un dinosaure sauropode. Ann Paléontol 81:49-86.
    • (1995) Ann Paléontol , vol.81 , pp. 49-86
    • Rimblot-Baly, F.1    De Ricqlès, A.2    Zylberberg, L.3
  • 61
    • 0011879720 scopus 로고
    • Bone remodelling in response to applied dynamic loads
    • Rubin CT, Lanyon LE. 1981. Bone remodelling in response to applied dynamic loads. J Bone Jt Surg 5:237-238.
    • (1981) J Bone Jt Surg , vol.5 , pp. 237-238
    • Rubin, C.T.1    Lanyon, L.E.2
  • 62
    • 0021322767 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of bone mass by applied dynamic loads
    • Rubin CT, Lanyon LE. 1983. Regulation of bone mass by applied dynamic loads. J Bone Jt Surg 66A:397-402.
    • (1983) J Bone Jt Surg , vol.66 A , pp. 397-402
    • Rubin, C.T.1    Lanyon, L.E.2
  • 63
    • 0033793867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longbone histology of the Tendaguru sauropods: Implications for growth and biology
    • Sander MP. 2000. Longbone histology of the Tendaguru sauropods: Implications for growth and biology. Paleobiology 26:466-488.
    • (2000) Paleobiology , vol.26 , pp. 466-488
    • Sander, M.P.1
  • 64
    • 0027333437 scopus 로고
    • Genetics and evolution of phenotypic plasticity
    • Scheiner SM. 1993. Genetics and evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Ann Rev Ecol Syst 24:35-68.
    • (1993) Ann Rev Ecol Syst , vol.24 , pp. 35-68
    • Scheiner, S.M.1
  • 68
    • 0004173399 scopus 로고
    • Philadelphia: Blakiston. Reprinted 1986, Chicago: Chicago University Press
    • Schmalhausen II. 1949. Factors of Evolution. Philadelphia: Blakiston. Reprinted 1986, Chicago: Chicago University Press.
    • (1949) Factors of Evolution
    • Schmalhausen, I.I.1
  • 69
    • 0020866410 scopus 로고
    • Developmental plasticity: Developmental conversion versus developmental modulation
    • Smith-Gill SJ. 1983. Developmental plasticity: Developmental conversion versus developmental modulation. Am Zool 23:47-55.
    • (1983) Am Zool , vol.23 , pp. 47-55
    • Smith-Gill, S.J.1
  • 70
    • 0002076036 scopus 로고
    • The layered structure of bone of birds as a possible indicator of age
    • Soest van RWM, Utrecht van WL. 1971. The layered structure of bone of birds as a possible indicator of age. Bijdr Dierkunde 41:61-66.
    • (1971) Bijdr Dierkunde , vol.41 , pp. 61-66
    • Van Soest, R.W.M.1    Van Utrecht, W.L.2
  • 71
    • 0002001838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural flexibility of the gastro-intestinal tract of Vertebrates - Implications for evolutionary morphology
    • Starck JM. 1999a. Structural flexibility of the gastro-intestinal tract of Vertebrates - Implications for evolutionary morphology. Zool Anz 238:87-101.
    • (1999) Zool Anz , vol.238 , pp. 87-101
    • Starck, J.M.1
  • 72
    • 0033451492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic flexibility of the avian gizzard. Rapid, reversible, and repeated changes of organ size in response to changes in dietary fibre content
    • Starck JM. 1999b. Phenotypic flexibility of the avian gizzard. Rapid, reversible, and repeated changes of organ size in response to changes in dietary fibre content. J Exp Biol 202:3171-3179.
    • (1999) J Exp Biol , vol.202 , pp. 3171-3179
    • Starck, J.M.1
  • 75
    • 0001768927 scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the adaptive role of morphological plasticity
    • Wainwright PC, Reilly SM, editors. Chicago: University Press
    • Travis J. 1994. Evaluating the adaptive role of morphological plasticity. In: Wainwright PC, Reilly SM, editors. Ecological Morphology. Integrative Organismal Biology. Chicago: University Press. p 99-122.
    • (1994) Ecological Morphology. Integrative Organismal Biology , pp. 99-122
    • Travis, J.1
  • 76
    • 0033925377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of phenotypic plasticity and nonplastic spatial and temporal adaptations in the presence of imperfect environmental cues
    • Tufto J. 2000. The evolution of phenotypic plasticity and nonplastic spatial and temporal adaptations in the presence of imperfect environmental cues. Am Nat 156:121-130.
    • (2000) Am Nat , vol.156 , pp. 121-130
    • Tufto, J.1
  • 77
    • 0035056850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of food restriction on morphological and metabolic development in two lines of growing Japanese quail chicks
    • van der Ziel CE, Visser GH. 2001. The effect of food restriction on morphological and metabolic development in two lines of growing Japanese quail chicks. Physiol Biochem Zool 74:52-65.
    • (2001) Physiol Biochem Zool , vol.74 , pp. 52-65
    • Van der Ziel, C.E.1    Visser, G.H.2
  • 78
    • 0001893997 scopus 로고
    • Bone microstructure of the Upper Cretaceous theropod dinosaur Troodon formosus
    • Varricchio DJ. 1993. Bone microstructure of the Upper Cretaceous theropod dinosaur Troodon formosus. J Vert Paleontol 13:99-104.
    • (1993) J Vert Paleontol , vol.13 , pp. 99-104
    • Varricchio, D.J.1
  • 80
    • 0001619156 scopus 로고
    • Canalization of development and the inheritance of acquired characters
    • Waddington CH. 1942. Canalization of development and the inheritance of acquired characters. Nature 169:378.
    • (1942) Nature , vol.169 , pp. 378
    • Waddington, C.H.1
  • 82
    • 0011884823 scopus 로고
    • Growth analysis of the domestic fowl. I. Effect of plane of nutrition and sex on live-weight and external measurements
    • Wilson PN. 1952. Growth analysis of the domestic fowl. I. Effect of plane of nutrition and sex on live-weight and external measurements. J Agr Sci 42:369-381.
    • (1952) J Agr Sci , vol.42 , pp. 369-381
    • Wilson, P.N.1
  • 83
    • 84974051347 scopus 로고
    • Growth analysis of the domestic fowl. II. Effect of plane of nutrition on carcass composition
    • Wilson PN. 1954. Growth analysis of the domestic fowl. II. Effect of plane of nutrition on carcass composition. J Agr Sci 44:67-85.
    • (1954) J Agr Sci , vol.44 , pp. 67-85
    • Wilson, P.N.1
  • 84
    • 0000234251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osteological microstructure of Confuciusornis: A preliminary report
    • Zhang F, Hou L, Ouyang L. 2000. Osteological microstructure of Confuciusornis: A preliminary report. Vert PalAsiatica 36:133-136.
    • (2000) Vert PalAsiatica , vol.36 , pp. 133-136
    • Zhang, F.1    Hou, L.2    Ouyang, L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.