Spinal injection procedures: Volume, provider distribution, and reimbursement in the U.S. Medicare population from 1993 to 1999

Radiology

Volumn 225, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 723-729

  Carrino, John A ^a   Morrison, William B ^a   Parker, Laurence ^a   Schweitzer, Mark E ^a   Levin, David C ^a   Sunshine, Jonathan H ^b  

^a THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b AMERICAN COLLEGE OF RADIOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Interventional procedures, utilization; Radiology and radiologists, socioeconomic issues; Spine, interventional procedures; Spine, intervertebral disks

Indexed keywords

STEROID;

ANESTHESIST; ARTICLE; ASPIRATION; DISKOGRAPHY; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HUMAN; INJECTION; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK; JOINT; MEDICAL SPECIALIST; MEDICARE; NEEDLE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIOLOGIST; REIMBURSEMENT; SPINAL PAIN; SPINE;

EID: 0036891969     PISSN: 00338419     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2253011401     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. White AH. Injection techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of low back pain. Orthop Clin North Am 1983; 14:553-567.
2. Klenerman L, Greenwood R, Davenport HT, White DC, Peskett S. Lumbar epidural injections in the treatment of sciatica. Br J Rheumatol 1984; 23:35-38.
3. Warfield CA, Crews DA. Work status and response to epidural steroid injection. J Occup Med 1987; 29:315-316.
4. Ridley MG, Kingsley GH, Gibson T, Grahame R. Outpatient lumbar epidural corticosteroid injection in the management of sciatica. Br J Rheumatol 1988; 27:295-299.
5. Rosen CD, Kahanovitz N, Bernstein R, Viola K. A retrospective analysis of the efficacy of epidural steroid injections. Clin Orthop 1988; 228:270-272.
6. El-Khoury GY, Renfrew DL. Percutaneous procedures for the diagnosis and treatment of lower back pain: Diskography, facet-joint injection, and epidural injection. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1991; 157:685-691.
7. Revel ME, Listrat VM, Chevalier XJ, et al. Facet joint block for low back pain: Identifying predictors of a good response. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1992; 73:824-828.
8. Marks RC, Houston T, Thulbourne T. Facet joint injection and facet nerve block: A randomised comparison in 86 patients with chronic low back pain. Pain 1992; 49:325-328.
9. Connor PM, Darden BV 2nd. Cervical discography complications and clinical efficacy. Spine 1993; 18:2035-2038.
10. Nelson DA. Intraspinal therapy using methylprednisolone acetate: Twenty-three years of clinical controversy. Spine 1993; 18:278-286.
11. Knox BD, Chapman TM. Anterior lumbar interbody fusion for discogram concordant pain. J Spinal Disord 1993; 6:242-244.
12. Wetzel FT, LaRocca SH, Lowery GL, Aprill CN. The treatment of lumbar spinal pain syndromes diagnosed by discography. Lumbar arthrodesis. Spine 1994; 19:792-800.
13. Smith SE, Darden BV, Rhyne AL, Wood KE. Outcome of unoperated discogram-positive low back pain. Spine 1995; 20:1997-2000.
14. Weinstein SM, Herring SA, Derby R. Contemporary concepts in spine care: Epidural steroid injections. Spine 1995; 20:1842-1846.
15. Watts RW, Silagy CA. A meta-analysis on the efficacy of epidural corticosteroids in the treatment of sciatica. Anesth Intensive Care 1995; 23:564-569.
16. Koes BW, Scholten RJ, Mens JM, Bouter LM. Efficacy of epidural steroid injections for low back pain and sciatica: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Pain 1995; 63:279-288.
17. Donelson R, Aprill C, Medcalf R, Grant W. A prospective study of centralization of lumbar and referred pain: A predictor of symptomatic discs and anular competence. Spine 1997; 22:1115-1122.
18. Lutz GE, Vad VB, Wisneski RJ. Fluoroscopic transforaminal lumbar epidural steroids: An outcome study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1998; 79:1362-1366.
19. Vamvanij V, Fredrickson BE, Thorpe JM, Stadnick ME, Yuan HA. Surgical treatment of internal disc disruption: An outcome study of four fusion techniques. J Spinal Disord 1998; 11:375-382.
20. Derby R, Howard MW, Grant JM, Lettice JJ, Van Peteghem PK, Ryan DP. The ability of pressure-controlled discography to predict surgical and nonsurgical outcomes. Spine 1999; 24:364-371.
21. Schmid G, Vetter S, Gottmann D, Strecker EP. CT-guided epidural/perineural injections in painful disorders of the lumbar spine: Short- and extended-term results. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 1999; 22:493-498.
22. Carragee EJ, Chen Y, Tanner CM, Truong T, Lau E, Brito JL. Provocative discography in patients after limited lumbar discectomy: A controlled, randomized study of pain response in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. Spine 2000; 25:3065-3071.
23. Riew KD, Yin Y, Gilula L, et al. The effect of nerve-root injections on the need for operative treatment of lumbar radicular pain: A prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2000; 82:1589-1593.
24. Fanciullo GJ, Hanscom B, Seville J, Ball PA, Rose RJ. An observational study of the frequency and pattern of use of epidural steroid injection in 25,479 patients with spinal and radicular pain. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2001; 26:2-11.
25. Mehta M, Salmon M. Extradural block: Confirmation of the injection site by x-ray monitoring. Anesthesia 1985; 40:1009-1012.
26. El-Khoury GY, Ehara S, Weinstein JN, Montgomery WJ, Kathol MH. Epidural steroid injections: A procedure ideally performed with fluoroscopic control. Radiology 1988; 168:554-557.
27. Renfrew DL, Moore TE, Kathol MH, elKhoury GY, Lemke JH, Walker CW. Correct placement of epidural steroid injections: Fluoroscopic guidance and contrast administration. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1991; 12:1003-1007.
28. Johnson BA, Schellhas KP, Pollei SR. Epidurography and therapeutic epidural injections: Technical considerations and experience with 5334 cases. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1999; 20:697-705.
29. Fredman B, Nun MB, Zohar E, et al. Epidural steroids for treating "failed back surgery syndrome": Is fluoroscopy really necessary? Anesth Analg 1999; 88:367-372.
30. Liu SS, Melmed AP, Klos JW, Innis CA. Prospective experience with a 20-gauge Tuohy needle for lumbar epidural steroid injections: is confirmation with fluoroscopy necessary? Reg Anesth Pain Med 2001; 26:143-146.
31. American Medical Association. Physicians' current procedural terminology. Chicago, III: American Medical Association, 1993.
32. American Medical Association. Physicians' current procedural terminology. Chicago, III: American Medical Association, 1996.
33. American Medical Association. Physicians' current procedural terminology. Chicago, III: American Medical Association, 1998.
34. American Medical Association. Physicians' current procedural terminology. Chicago, III: American Medical Association, 1999.
35. Carette S, Leclaire R, Marcoux S, et al. Epidural corticosteroid injections for sciatica due to herniated nucleus pulposus. N Engl J Med 1997; 336:1634-1640.
36. Burn JM, Guyer PB, Langdon L. The spread of solutions injected into the epidural space: A study using epidurograms in patients with the lumbosciatic syndrome. Br J Anaesth 1973; 45:338-345.