Diversity, biomass, and ecosystem processes in the marine benthos

Ecological Monographs

Volumn 72, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 599-615

  Bolam, S G ^a   Fernandes, T F ^b   Huxham, M ^b  

^a CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENT   (United Kingdom)

^b EDINBURGH NAPIER UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Benthos; Biomass; Blackness, Firth of Forth, Scotland, UK; Diversity; Ecosystem function; Macrofauna; Soft sediment intertidal

Indexed keywords

BENTHOS; BIOMASS; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; MACROINVERTEBRATE; PRODUCTIVITY; SOFT-BOTTOM ENVIRONMENT; SPECIES DIVERSITY;

SCOTLAND; UNITED KINGDOM;

NEPHTYS HOMBERGII;

EID: 0036879126     PISSN: 00129615     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/0012-9615(2002)072[0599:DBAEPI]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Aarssen, L. W. 1997. High productivity in grassland ecosystems: affected by species diversity or productive species? Oikos 80(1):183-184.
2. Aller, R. C. 1982. The effects of macrobenthos on chemical properties of marine sediment and overlying water. Pages 53-102 in P. L. McCall and M. J. S. Tevesz, editors. Animal-sediment relations. Plenum, New York, New York, USA.
3. Aller, R. C. 1988. Benthic fauna and biogeochemical processes in marine sediments: the role of burrow structures. Pages 301-338 in T. H. Blackburn and J. Sorensen, editors. Nitrogen cycling in coastal marine environments. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York, USA.
4. Alongi, D. M., A. Sasekumar, F. Tirendi, and P. Dixon. 1998. The influence of stand age on benthic decomposition and recycling of organic matter in managed mangrove forests of Malaysia. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 225(2):197-218.
5. Andre, M., F. Brechlgnac, and P. Thibault. 1994. Biodiversity in model ecosystems. Nature 371:565.
6. Arndt, C., and D. Schiedek. 1997. Nephtys hombergii, a free-living predator in marine sediments: energy production under enyironmental stress. Marine Biology 129:643-650.
7. Baird, D., and H. Milne. 1981. Energy flow in the Ythan Estuary, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 13:455-472.
8. Beukema, J. J. 1976. Biomass and species richness of the macro-benthic animals living on the tidal flats of the Dutch Wadden Sea. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 10(2):236-261.
9. Costanza, R., et al. 1997. The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature 387:253-260.
10. Daro, M. H., and P. Polk. 1973. The autecology of Polydora ciliata along the Belgian coast. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 6(1-2):130-140.
11. Ehrlich, P. R., and E. O. Wilson. 1991. Biodiversity studies: science and policy. Science 25:758-762.
12. Elmgren, R. 1984. Trophic dynamics in the enclosed, brackish Baltic Sea. Rapports et Proces-verbeaux des Reunions. Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer 183:152-169.
13. Elmgren, R., and C. Hill. 1997. Ecosystem function at low biodiversity - the Baltic example. Pages 319-336 in R. F. G. Ormond, J. D. Gage, and M. V. Angel, editors. Marine biodiversity. Patterns and processes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
14. Emmerson, M. C., and D. G. Raffaelli. 2000. Detecting the effects of diversity on measures of ecosystem function: experimental design, null models and empirical observations. Oikos 91:191-203.
15. Fairweather, P. G., and A. G. Underwood. 1991. Experimental removals of a rocky intertidal predator: variations within two habitats in the effects on prey. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 154:29-75.
16. Fauchald, K., and P. A. Jumars. 1979. The diet of worms: a study of polychaete feeding guilds. Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Review 17:193-284.
17. Fenchel, T. 1969. The ecology of marine microbenthos. IV. Structure and function of the benthic ecpsystem, and its chemical and physical factors and the microfauna communities with special reference to the ciliated Protozoa. Ophelia 6:1-182.
18. Fernandes, T., M. Huxham, and S. Piper. 1999. Predator caging experiments: a test of the importance of scale. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 241:137-154.
19. Flach, E. C. 1996. The influence of the cockle, Cerastoderma edule, on the macrobenthic community of the tidal flats in the Wadden Sea. Marine Ecology 17(1-3):87-98.
20. Fourqurean, J. W., T. O. Moore, B. Fry, and J. T. Hollibaugh. 1997. Spatial and temporal variation in C:N:P ratios, delta N-15 and delta C-13 of eelgrass Zostera marina as indicators of ecosystem processes, Tomales Bay, California, USA. Marine Ecology Progress Series 157:147-157.
21. Gattuso, J. P., M. Frankignoulle, and R. Wollast. 1998. Carbon and carbonate metabolism in coastal aquatic ecosystems. Annual Review of Ecological Systems 29:405-434.
22. Gerlach, S. A. 1971. On the importance of marine meiofauna for benthos communities. Oecologia 6:176-190.
23. Givnish, T. J. 1994. Does diversity beget stability? Nature 371:113-114.
24. Grime, J. P. 1997. Biodiversity and ecosystem function: the debate deepens. Science 277:1260-1261.
25. Gunther, C. P. 1992. Dispersal of intertidal invertebrates: a strategy to react to disturbances of different scales? Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 30:45-56.
26. Hector, A., et al. 1999. Plant diversity and productivity experiments in European grasslands. Science 286:1123-1127.
27. Hodgson, J. G., K. Thompson, P. J. Wilson, and A. Bogaard. 1998. Does biodiversity determine ecosystem function? The Ecotron experiment. Functional Ecology 12:843-856.
28. Hooper, D. U., and P. M. Vitousek. 1997. The effects of plant composition and diversity on ecosystem processes. Science 277:1302-1305.
29. Hurlbert, S. H. 1984. Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments. Ecological Monographs 54:187-211.
30. Huston, M. A. 1997. Hidden treatments in ecological experiments: re-evaluating the ecosystem function of biodiversity. Oecologia 110:449-460.
31. Huttel, M. 1990. Influence of the lugworm Arenicola marina on porewater nutrient profiles of sandflat sediments. Marine Ecology Progress Series 62:241-248.
32. Huxham, M., I. Roberts, and J. Bremner. 2000. A field test of the intermediate disturbance hypothesis in the soft-bottom intertidal. International Review of Hydrobiology 8: 379-394.
33. Irlandi, E. A. 1994. Large-scale and small-scale effects of habitat structure on rates of predation - how percent coverage of seagrass affects rates of predation and siphon nipping on an infaunal bivalve. Oecologia 98:176-183.
34. Irlandi, E. A., W. G. Ambrose, and B. A. Orlando. 1995. Landscape ecology and the marine environment - how spatial configuration of seagrass habitat influences growth and survival of the bay scallop. Oikos 72:307-313.
35. Kristensen, E. 1984. Effect of natural concentrations on nutrient exchange between a polychaete burrow in estuarine sediment and the overlying water. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 75:171-190.
36. Kristensen, E. 1988. Benthic fauna and biogeochemical processes in marine sediments: microbial activities and fluxes. Pages 275-299 in T. H. Blackburn and J. Sorensen, editors. Nitrogen cycling in coastal marine environments. John Wiley and Sons. New York, New York, USA.
37. Kristensen, E., and T. H. Blackburn. 1987. The fate of organic carbon and nitrogen in experimental marine sediment systems: influence of bioturbation and anoxia. Journal of Marine Research 45:231-257.
38. Kristensen, E., M. H. Jensen, G. T. Banta, K. Hansen, M. Holmer, and G. M. King. 1998. Transformation and transport of inorganic nitrogen in sediments of a southeast Asian mangrove. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 15(2):165-175.
39. Lawton, J. H. 1994. What do species do in ecosystems? Oikos 71:367-374.
40. Legendre, P., S. F. Thrush, V. J. Cummings, P. K. Dayton, J. Grant, J. E. Hewitt, A. H. Hines, B. H. McArdle, R. D. Pridmore, D. C. Schneider, S. J. Turner, and R. B. Whitlatch. 1997. Spatial structure of bivalves in a sandflat: scales and regenerating processes. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 216:99-128.
41. McLusky, D. S., F. E. Anderson, and S. Wolfe-Murphy. 1983. Distribution and population recovery of Arenicola marina and other benthic fauna after bait digging. Marine Ecology Progress Series 11:173-179.
42. Minitab. 1998. MINITAB 12. Minitab, State College, Pennsylvania. USA.
43. Morgan, T. S. 1997. The formation and dynamics of Pygospio elegans tube-beds in the Somme Bay, France. Dissertaion. University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
44. Naeem, S., K. Hakansson, J. H. Lawton, M. J. Crawley, and L. J. Thompson. 1996. Biodiversity and plant productivity in a model assemblage of plant species. Oikos 76:259-264.
45. Naeem, S., J. T. Lindsey, S. P. Lawler, J. H. Lawton, and R. M. Woodfin. 1994. Declining biodiversity can alter the performance of ecosystems. Nature 368:734-738.
46. Naeem, S., L. J. Thompson, S. P. Lawler, J. H. Lawton, and R. M. Woodfin. 1995. Biodiversity in model ecosystems. Nature 371:565.
47. Nilsson, M.-C., D. A. Wardle, and A. Dahlberg. 1999. Effect of plant litter species composition and diversity on the boreal forest plant-soil system. Oikos 86:16-26.
48. Nixon, S. W. 1982. Remineralization and nutrient cycling in coastal marine ecosystems. Pages 111-138 in B. J. Nielson and L. E. Cronin, editors. Estuaries and nutrients, Humana, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA.
49. Noji, I. M., and T. T. Noji. 1991. Tube lawns of spionid polychaetes and their significance for recolonization of disturbed benthic substrates. Meeresforschung 33:235-246.
50. Paine, R. T. 1966. Food web complexity and species diversity. American Naturalist 100:65-75.
51. Pearson, T. H., and R. Rosenberg. 1978. Macrobenthic succession in relation to organic enrichment and pollution of the marine environment. Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Review 16:229-311.
52. Pearson, T. H., and S. O. Stanley. 1979. Comparative measurement of the redox potential of marine sediments as a rapid means of assessing the effect of organic pollution. Marine Biology 53:371-379.
53. Platt, H. M., and R. M. Warwick. 1980. The significance of free-living nematodes to the littoral ecosystem. Pages 729-759 in H. Price, D. Irvine, and W. Farnham, editors. The shore environment. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK.
54. Raffaelli, D., and S. Hawkins. 1996. Intertidal ecology. Chapman and Hall, London, UK.
55. Rhoads, D. C. 1974. Organism-sediment relations on the muddy sea floor. Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Review 12:263-300.
56. Rhoads, D. C., and D. K. Young. 1970. The influence of deposit-feeding organisms on sediment stability and community trophic structure. Journal of Marine Research 28(2):150-178.
57. Richards, M. G., M. Huxham, and A. Bryant. 1999. Predation: a causal mechanism for variability in intertidal bivalve populations. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 241:159-177.
58. SAS Institute. 1997. SAS/STAT software: changes in enhancements through release 6.12. SAS Institute, Cary. North Carolina, USA.
59. Schneider, D. C., R. Walters, S. F. Thrush, and P. Dayton. 1997. Scale-up of ecological experiments: density variation in the mobile bivalve Macomona liliana. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 216:129-152.
60. Smith, C. R., and S. J. Brumsickle. 1989. The effects of patch size and substrate isolation on colonization modes and rates in an intertidal sediment. Limnology and Oceanography 34(7):1263-1277.
61. Snelgrove, P. V. R. 1998. The biodiversity of macrofaunal organisms in marine sediments. Biodiversity and Conservation 7:1123-1132.
62. Snelgrove, P. V. R. 1999. Getting to the bottom of marine biodiversity: sedimentary habitats. Bioscience 49(2):129-138.
63. Snelgrove, P. V. R., T. H. Blackburn, P. A. Hutchings, D. M. Alongi, J. F. Grassle, H. Hummel, G. King, I. Koike, P. J. D. Lambshead, N. B. Ramsing, and V. Soliweiss. 1997. The importance of marine sediment biodiversity in ecosystem processes. Ambio 26(8):578-583.
64. 2 and plant species diversity on ecosystem-level gas exchange in a planted calcareous grassland. Global Change Biology 5:95-105.
65. Strickland, J. D. H., and T. R. Parsons. 1972. A practical handbook of seawater analysis. Second edition. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
66. Symstad, A. J., D. Tilman. J. Willson, and M. H. Knops. 1998. Species loss and ecosystem functioning: effects of species identity and community composition. Oikos 81:389-387.
67. Thrush, S. F., et al. 1997a. The sandflat habitat: scaling from experiments to conclusions. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 216:1-9.
68. Thrush, S. F., et al. 1997b. Matching the outcome of small-scale density manipulation experiments with larger scale patterns: an example of bivalve adult/juvenile interactions. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 216:153-169.
69. Thrush, S. F., et al. 1997c. Scaling-up from experiments to complex ecological systems: where to next? Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 216:243-254.
70. Thrush, S. F., R. D. Pridmore, J. E. Hewitt, and V. J. Cummings. 1992. Adult infauna as facilitators of colonisation on intertidal sandflats. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 159:253-265.
71. Tilman, D., and J. D. Downing. 1994. Biodiversity and stability in grasslands. Nature 367:363-365.
72. Tilman, D., J. Knops, D. Wedin, P. Reich, M. Ritchie, and E. Siemann. 1997. The influence of functional diversity and composition on ecosystem processes. Science 277:1300-1302.
73. Tilman, D., D. Wedin, and J. Knops. 1996. Productivity and sustainability influenced by biodiversity in grassland ecosystems. Nature 379:718-720.
74. Wardle, D. A. 1999. Is "sampling effect" a problem for experiments investigating biodiversity - ecosystem function relationships? Oikos 87(2):403-407.
75. Warwick, R. M., I. R. Joint, and P. J. Radford. 1975. Secondary production of the benthos in an estuarine mud-flat. Pages 429-450 in R. L. Jeffries and A. J. Davy, editors. Ecological processes in coastal environments. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK.
76. Widdicombe, S., and M. C. Austen. 1998. Experimental evidence for the role of Brissopsis lyrifera (Forbes, 1841) as a critical species in the maintenance of benthic diversity and the modification of sediment chemistry. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 228:241-255.
77. Wiens, J. A., J. F. Addicott, T. Case, and J. Diamond. 1986. Overview: the importance of spatial and temporal scale in ecological investigations. Pages 145-153 in J. Diamond and T. Case, editors. Community ecology. Harper and Row, New York, New York, USA.
78. Wilsey, B. J., and C. Potvin. 2000. Biodiversitv and ecosystem functioning: importance of species evenness in an old field. Ecology 81:887-892.
79. Zar, J. H. 1984. Biostatistical analysis. Second edition. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA.