"Everybody's looking at you!": Girls negotiating the "femininity deficit" they incur in physical education

Women's Studies International Forum

Volumn 25, Issue 6, 2002, Pages 651-665

  Cockburn, Claudia ^a   Clarke, Gill ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EDUCATION; GENDER RELATIONS; NEGOTIATION PROCESS; SPORT;

UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 0036875968     PISSN: 02775395     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0277-5395(02)00351-5     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Aldridge, Michele (1998). "On display and vulnerable": An investigation of the importance and significance of body image and self image for girls in Physical Education, MA(Ed) thesis, University of Southampton.
2. Bain, Linda L. (1985). The hidden curriculum re-examined. Quest 37, 145- 153.
3. Bain, Linda L. (1990). A critical analysis of the hidden curriculum in physical education. In David Kirk and Richard Tinning (Eds.), Physical education, curriculum and culture: Critical issues in contemporary crisis ( pp. 23-42). Basingstoke: Falmer Press.
4. Bartky, Sandra L. (1988). Foucault, femininity, and the modernization of patriarchal power. In Irene Diamond and Lee Quinby (Eds.), Feminism and Foucault ( pp. 61 - 86). Boston: Northeastern University Press.
5. Berger, John (1972). Ways of seeing. Harmondsworth: BBC, Penguin.
6. Boutilier, Mary A., and San Giovanni, Lucinda (1983). The sporting woman. Champaign: Human Kinetics.
7. Brackenridge, Celia (1997). Sexual harassment and sexual abuse in sport. In Gill Clarke and Barbara Humberstone (Eds.), Researching women and sport. London: Macmillan.
8. Brittan, Arthur (1989). Masculinity and power. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
9. Budgeon, Shelley, and Currie, Dawn H. (1995). From feminism to postfeminism: Women's liberation in fashion magazines. Women's Studies International Forum 18(2), 173-186.
10. Clarke, Gill (1992). Learning the language: Discourse analysis in physical education. In Andrew Sparkes (Ed.), Research in physical education: Exploring alternative visions ( pp. 146-166). London: Falmer Press.
11. Clarke, Gill (1996). Conforming and contesting with (a) difference: How lesbian students and teachers manage their identities. International Journal of Studies in Sociology of Education 6(2), 191-209.
12. Clarke, Gill (2002). Difference matters: Sexuality and physical education. In Dawn Penney (Ed.), Gender and physical education: Contemporary issues and future directions ( pp. 41-56). London: Routledge.
13. Coakley, Jay, and White, Anita (1999). Making decisions: How young people become involved and stay involved in sports. In Jay Coakley and Peter Donnelly (Eds.), Inside sport ( pp. 77-85). London: Routledge.
14. Cockburn, Claudia (2001a). Identities and subculture in relation to sport: An analysis of teenage girls' magazines. In Celia Brackenridge, David Howe, and Fiona Jordan (Eds.), JUST leisure: Equity, social exclusion and identity ( pp. 131-147) (Leisure Studies Association Publication No. 72).
15. Cockburn, Claudia (2001b). Year 9 girls' opinions of physical education: A survey of pupil perception. Bulletin of Physical Education 37(1), 5-24.
16. Cockburn, Claudia (2002). Coming clean: Allowing the contradictions to surface in qualitative research with teenage girls in physical education. Paper presented at the British Educational Research Association Annual Conference, Exeter, UK (12.9.02).
17. Cockerill, Sandy A., and Hardy, Colin (1987). The concept of femininity and its implications for physical education. British Journal of Physical Education 18(4), 149-151.
18. Connell, R.W. (1987). Gender and power. Cambridge: Polity Press.
19. Connelly, William E. (1991). Identity/difference: Democratic negotiations of political paradox. London: Cornell University Press.
20. De Beauvoir, Simone (1949). The second sex. Paris: Gallimard.
21. Deem, Rosemary, and Gilroy, Sarah (1998). Physical activity, life-long learning and empowerment: Situating sport in women's leisure. Sport, Education and Society 3(1), 89-104.
22. Denzin, Norman K., and Lincoln, Yvonna S. (1998). Strategies of qualitative inquiry. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
23. Dewar, Alison (1991). Feminist pedagogy in physical education: promises, possibilities and pitfalls. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 62(6), 68-71 and 75-77.
24. Diamond, Irene, Quinby Lee (Eds.) (1988). Feminism and Foucault: Reflections on resistance. Boston: Northeastern University Press.
25. Donnelly, Peter (nd). Resistance through sports: Sport and cultural hegemony. Unpublished paper.
26. Evans, John (1984). Muscle, sweat and showers. Girls' conceptions of physical education and sport: A challenge for research and curriculum reform. Physical Education Review 7(1), 12-18.
27. Gramsci, Antonio (1971). Selections from the prison notebooks. London: Lawrence and Wishart.
28. Griffin, Christine (1982). Cultures of femininity: Romance revisited. Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies Occasional Paper, Women Series, Sp. No. 69.
29. Hall, M. Ann (1996). Feminism and sporting bodies: Essays on theory and practice. Windsor: Human Kinetics.
30. Hargreaves, Jennifer (1994). Sporting females: Critical issues in the history and sociology of women's sports. London: Routledge.
31. Health Education Authority (1997). Promoting physical activity with young women: Guidelines. London: Health Education Authority.
32. Hendry, Leo B., Shucksmith, Janet, Love, John G., and Glendinning, Anthony (1993). Young people's leisure and lifestyles. London: Routledge.
33. Hudson, Barbara (1984). Femininity and adolescence. In Angela McRobbie and Mica Nava (Eds.), Gender and generation ( pp. 31- 53). London: Macmillan.
34. Humberstone, Barbara (1990). Warriors or wimps? Creating alternative forms of physical education. In Michael A. Messner and Donald F. Sabo (Eds.), Sport, men, and the gender order: Critical feminist perspectives ( pp. 201-210). Champaign: Human Kinetics.
35. Laclau, Ernesto, and Mouffe, Chantal (1985). Hegemony and socialist strategy: Towards a radical democratic politics. London: Verso.
36. Leaman, Oliver (1986). Physical education and sex differentiation. British Journal of Physical Education 17(4), 123-124.
37. Lees, Sue (1993). Sugar and spice: Sexuality and adolescent girls. London: Penguin Books.
38. Lenskyj, Helen (1991). Combating homophobia in sport and physical education. Sociology of Sport Journal 8, 61-69.
39. McRobbie, Angela (1978). Working class girls and the culture of femininity. In Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (Ed.), Women Take Issue ( pp. 96- 108). London: Hutchinson.
40. McRobbie, Angela (1994). Postmodernism and popular culture. London: Routledge.
41. McRobbie, Angela, and Garber, Jenny (1991). Girls and subcultures: A feminist critique. In Angela McRobbie (Ed.), Feminism and youth culture: From Jackie to Just Seventeen ( pp. 1-15). Basingstoke: Macmillan Education.
42. Measor, Linda, Tiffin, Coralie, and Fry, Katrina (1995). Gender and adolescent sexual cultures: The view from some boys. In Lesley Lawrence, Elizabeth Murdoch and Stan Parker (Eds.), Professional and development issues in leisure, sport and education ( pp. 69-85) (Leisure Studies Association Publication No. 56).
43. Messner, Michael, and Sabo, Donald (Eds.). (1990). Sport, men and the gender order: Critical feminist perspectives. Illinois: Human Kinetics.
44. Milosevic, Lena (Ed.). (1995). Fairplay. Gender and physical education. Leeds: Leeds City Council Department of Education.
45. Nutt, Gareth, and Clarke, Gill (2002). The hidden curriculum and the changing nature of teachers' work. In Anthony Laker (Ed.), The sociology of sport and physical education: An introductory reader ( pp. 148-166). London: RoutledgeFalmer.
46. Paechter, Carrie F. (1998). Educating the other: Gender, power and schooling. London: Falmer Press.
47. Povey, Hilary (1998). "That spark from heaven" or "of the earth": Girls and boys and knowing mathematics. In Ann Clark and Elaine Millard (Eds.), Gender in the secondary curriculum ( pp. 131-144). London: Routledge.
48. Rutherford, Jonathon (Ed.) (1990). Identity: Community, culture, difference. London: Lawrence and Wishart.
49. Scraton, Sheila (1987). "Boys muscle in where angels fear to tread": Girls' subcultures and physical activities. In John Horne, David Jary and Alan Tomlinson (Eds.), Sport, leisure and social relations ( pp. 160-186). London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
50. Scraton, Sheila (1992). Shaping up to womanhood: Gender and girls' physical education. Buckingham: Open University Press.
51. Sharpe, Sue (1994). Just like a girl: How girls learn to be women. From the '70s to the '90s. London: Penguin.
52. Sherlock, Joyce (1987). Issues of masculinity and femininity in British physical education. Women's Studies International Forum 10(4), 443-451.
53. Skeggs, Beverley (1997). Formation of class and gender. London: Sage.
54. Sports Council (1993). Women and sport: Policy and frameworks for action. London: Sports Council.
55. Talbot, Margaret (1986). Gender and physical education. British Journal of Physical Education 4(1), 120-122.
56. Theberge, Nancy (1987). Sport and women's empowerment. Women's Studies International Forum 10(4), 387-393.
57. Theberge, Nancy (1991). Reflections on the body in the sociology of sport. Quest 43, 123-134.
58. Theberge, Nancy, and Birrell, Susan (1994). Feminist resistance and transformation in sport. In D. Margaret Costa and Sharon R. Guthrie (Eds.), Women and sport: Interdisciplinary perspectives ( pp. 361-376). Champaign: Human Kinetics.
59. Varpalotai, Aniko (1987). The hidden curriculum in leisure: An analysis of a girls' sporting subculture. Women's Studies International Forum 10(4), 411 - 422.
60. Weedon, Christine (1987). Feminist practice and postructuralist theory. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
61. Willis, Paul (1982). Women in sport in ideology. In Jennifer Hargreaves (Ed.), Sport, culture and ideology ( pp. 117-135). London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
62. Winship, Janice (1985). A girl needs to get streetwise: Magazine for the 1980s. Feminist Review 21, 25-46.
63. Woodhouse, Jeremy (1997). So, how do the pupils feel? Bulletin of Physical Education 32(1), 40-45.
64. Wright, Jan (1993). Regulation and resistance: The physical education lesson as speech genre. Social Semiotics 3(1), 23-55.
65. Wright, Jan, and Dewar, Alison (1997). On pleasure and pain: Women speak out about physical activity. In Gill Clarke and Barbara Humberstone (Eds.), Researching women and sport ( pp. 80-95). London: Macmillan.