Structure and dynamics of sporadic layers of ionization in the ionospheric E region

Radio Science

Volumn 37, Issue 6, 2002, Pages 181-1812

  Kagan, L M ^a   Bakhmet'eva, N V ^a   Belikovich, V V ^a   Tolmacheva, A V ^a   Kelley, M C ^b  

^a LOBACHEVSKY STATE UNIVERSITY OF NIZHNY NOVGOROD   (Russian Federation)

^b Department of Obstetrics Gynecology   (United States)

Author keywords

Artificial periodic irregularities; HF powerful radio waves; Ionospheric interactions; Ionospheric structure; Radio wave induced optical emissions; Sporadic E layer

Indexed keywords

CAMERAS; IONIZATION; RADIO NAVIGATION; RADIO RECEIVERS; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; RADIO WAVES; SIGNAL RECONSTRUCTION; TOMOGRAPHY;

HIGH-FREQUENCY RADIO WAVES;

E REGION;

EID: 0036875055     PISSN: 00486604     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2001rs002534     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Bakhmet'eva, N. V., V. V. Belikovioh, E. A. Benediktov, V. D. Vyakhirev, N. P. Goncharov, A. V. Tolmacheva, and G. S. Korotina, Studies of the ionosphere and neutral atmosphere using artificial periodic inhomogeneities in the ionospheric plasma, Radio Sci., 33, 583-594, 1998.
2. Belikovich, V. V., E. N. Benediktov, G. G. Getmantsev, Y. A. Ignat'ev, and G. P. Komrakov, Scattering of radio waves from the artificially perturbed F region of the ionosphere, J. Exp. Theor. Phys. Lett., Engl. Transl., 22(10), 243-244, 1975.
3. Belikovich, V. V., E. N. Benediktov, A. V. Tolmacheva, and N. V. Bakhmet'eva, Ionosphere studies with use of artificial periodic irregularities, 155 pp., Inst. of Appl. Phys., Russ. Acad. of Sci., Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 1999.
4. Benediktov, E. N., V. D. Vyakhirev, and A. V. Tolmacheva, Measurements of electron density in the ionospheric E region during 1990-1992, Geomagn. Aeron., 37(5), 79-87, 1997.
5. Bernhardt, P. A., L. M. Duncan, and C. A. Tepley, Artificial airglow excited by high-power radio waves, Science, 242, 1022-1027, 1988.
6. Bernhardt, P. A., C. A. Tepley, and L. M. Duncan, Airglow enhancements associated with plasma cavities formed during ionospheric heating experiments, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 9071-9092, 1989.
7. Bernhardt, P. A., M. Wong, J. D. Huba, B. G. Fejer, L. S. Wagner, J. A. Goldstein, C. Selcher, V. L. Frolov, and E. N. Sergeev, Optical remote sensing of the thermosphere with HF pumped artificial airglow, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 10,657-10,672, 2000.
8. Blagoveshchenskaya, N. F., V. A. Kornienko, T. D. Borisova, B. Thide, M. J. Kosch, M. T. Rietveld, E. V. Mishin, R. Y. Luk'yanova, and O. A. Troshichev, Ionospheric HF pump wave triggering of local auroral activation, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 29,071-29,090, 2001.
9. Djuth, F. T., K. M. Groves, J. H. Elder, E. R. Shinn, J. M. Queen, J. Villasenor, and A. Y. Wong, Measurements of artificial periodic inhomogeneities at HIPAS observatory, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 23,023-23,288, 1997.
10. Djuth, F. T., et al., Large airglow enhancements produced via wave-plasma interactions in sporadic E, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1557-1560, 1999.
11. Ecklund, W. L., D. A. Carter, and B. B. Balsley, Gradient drift irregularities in the mid-latitude sporadic E, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 858-862, 1981.
12. Fejer, B. G., and M. C. Kelley, Ionospheric irregularities, Rev. Geophys., 18, 401-454, 1980.
13. Fejer, J. A., F. T. Djuth, and C. A. Gonzales, Bragg backscatter from plasma inhomogeneities due to a powerful ionospherically reflected radio wave, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 9145-9147, 1984.
14. Grach, S. V., N. A. Mityakov, and V. Y. Trakhtengerts, Electron acceleration in the presence of parametric heating of a bounded layer of plasma, Radiophys, Quantum Electron., 27, 1096-1101, 1984.
15. Gurevich, A. V., Nonlinear Phenomena in the Ionosphere, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1978.
16. Gurevich, A. V., and G. M. Milikh, Artificial airglow due to modifications of the ionosphere by powerful radio waves, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 389-394, 1997.
17. Haslett, J. C., and L. R. Megill, A model of the enhanced airglow excited by RF radiation, Radio Sci., 9, 1005-1019, 1974.
18. Kagan, L. M., and M. C. Kelley, A wind-driven gradient drift mechanism for midlatitude E region ionospheric irregularities, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 4141-4144, 1998.
19. Kagan, L. M., and M. C. Kelley, A thermal mechanism for generation of small-scale irregularities in the ionospheric E region, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 5291-5302, 2000.
20. Kagan, L. M., M. C. Kelley, F. Garcia, P. A. Bernhardt, F. T. Djuth, M. P. Sulzer, and C. A. Tepley, The structure of electromagnetic wave-induced 557.7-nm emission associated with a sporadic-E event over Arecibo, Phys. Rev. Lett., 85, 218-221, 2000.
21. Mantas, G. P., Large 6300-Å airglow intensity enhancements observed in ionosphere heating experiments are excited by thermal electrons, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 8993-9002, 1994.
22. Mantas, G. P., and H. C. Carlson, Reinterpretation of the 6300-Å airglow enhancements observed in ionosphere heating experiments based on analysis of Platteville, Colorado, data, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 195-210, 1996.
23. Mathews, J. D., Sporadic E: Current views and recent progress, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 60, 413-435, 1998.
24. Miller, K. L., and L. G. Smith, Horizontal structure of midlatitude sporadic E layers, Radio Sci., 10, 271-276, 1975.
25. Miller, K. L., and L. G. Smith, Incoherent scatter radar observations of irregular structure in mid-latitude sporadic E layers, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 3761-3775, 1978.
26. Newman, A. L., H. C. Carlson, G. P. Mantas, and F. T. Djuth, Thermal response of the F-region ionosphere for conditions of large HF-induced electron-temperature enhance-ments, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 311-314, 1988.
27. Newman, D. L., M. V. Goldman, F. T. Djuth, and P. A. Bernhardt, Langmuir turbulence associated with ionospheric modification: Challenges associated with recent observations during a sporadic-E event, Phys. Space Plasma, 15, 259-264, 1998.
28. Rietveld, M. T., E. Turunen, H. Matveinen, N. P. Goncharov, and P. Pollari, Artificial periodic irregularities in the auroral ionosphere, Ann. Geophys., 14, 1437-1453, 1996.
29. Riggin, D., W. E. Swartz, J. Providakes, and D. T. Parley, Radar studies of long-wavelength waves associated with mid-latitude sporadic E layers, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 8011-8024, 1986.
30. Sergienko, T., I. Kornilov, E. Belova, T. Turunen, and J. Manninen, Optical effects in the aurora caused by ionospheric HF heating, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 59, 2401-2407, 1997.
31. Shunk, R. W., and A. F. Nagy, Ionospheres: Physics, Plasma Physics, and Chemistry, Atmos. Space Sci. Ser., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 2000.
32. Sudan, R. N., Unified theory of type I and type II irregularities in the equatorial electroject, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 4853-4860, 1983.
33. Swartz, W. E., et al., First observations of an F-region turbulent upwelling coincident with severe E-region plasma and neutral perturbations, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 64(12-14), 1545-1556, 2002.
34. Tanaka, T., and S. V. Venkateswaran, Characteristics of field-aligned E-region irregularities over Iioka (36°N), Japan-I, II, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 44, 381-406, 1982.
35. Torr, D. G., The upper atmosphere, in The Photochemistry of Atmospheres, Earth, the Other Planets and Comets, edited by J. S. Levine. pp. 165-278, Academic, San Diego, Calif., 1985.
36. Whitehead, J. D., Recent work on midlatitude and equatorial sporadic-E, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 51, 401-424, 1989.