Reversal of fortune: Geography and institutions in the making of the modern world income distribution

Quarterly Journal of Economics

Volumn 117, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 1231-1294

  Acemoglu, Daron ^a   Johnson, Simon ^b   Robinson, James A ^c  

^a MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0036867885     PISSN: 00335533     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/003355302320935025     Document Type: Article

References (115)

1. Abu-Lughod, Janet L., Before European Hegemony: The World System A.D. 12501350 (Oxford, UK and New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1989).
2. Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson, and James A. Robinson, "The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation," NBER Working Paper No. 7771, 2000.
3. Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson, and James A. Robinson, "The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation," American Economic Review, XCI (2001a), 1369-1401.
4. Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson, and James A. Robinson, "Reversal of Fortune: Geography and Institutions in the Making of the World Income Distribution," NBER Working Paper No. 8460, 2001b.
5. Acemoglu, Daron, and James A. Robinson, "Political Losers as a Barrier to Economic Development," American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, XC (2000), 126-130.
6. Acemoglu, Daron, and James A. Robinson, "Economic Backwardness in Political Perspective," unpublished, 2001.
7. Acemoglu, Daron, and Fabrizio Zilibotti, "Productivity Differences," Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXVI (2001), 563-606.
8. Ades, Alberto F., and Edward L. Glaeser, "Evidence on Growth, Increasing Returns, and the Extent of the Market," Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXIV (1999), 1025-1046.
9. Bairoch, Paul, "Les grandes tendances des disparités économiques nationales depuis la revolution industrielle," in P. Bairoch and M. Levy Laboyer, eds., Regional and International Disparities in Economic Development Since the Industrial Revolution, 7th International Economic History Conference (Edinburgh: 1978).
10. _, "International Industrialization Levels from 1750 to 1980," Journal of European Economic History, XI (1982), 269-333.
11. _, Cities and Economic Development: From the Dawn of History to the Present (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1988).
12. Bairoch, Paul, Jean Batou, and Pierre Chèvre, La Population des villes Européenes de 800 à 1850: Banque de Données et Analyse Sommaire des Résultats (Geneva: Centre d'histoire économique Internationale de l'Université de Genève, Libraire Droz, 1988).
13. Bloch, Marc, Land and Work in Medieval Europe (New York: Harper & Row, 1966).
14. Boserup, Ester, The Conditions of Agricultural Growth: The Economics of Agrarian Change under Population Pressure (Chicago, IL: Aldine Publishing Company, 1965).
15. Braudel, Fernand, The Structures of Everyday Life: Civilization and Capitalism, Fifteenth-Eighteenth Century (Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press, 1992).
16. Chandler, Tertius, Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census (Lewiston, NY: St. David's University Press, 1987).
17. Chandler, Tertius, and Gerald Fox, Three Thousand Years of Urban Growth (New York, NY: Academic Press, 1974).
18. Chaudhuri, Kirti N., Asia Before Europe: Economy and Civilization of the Indian Ocean from the Rise of Islam to 1750 (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1990).
19. Coatsworth, John H., "The Limits of Colonial Absolutism: Mexico in the Eighteenth Century," in Karen Spalding ed., Essays in the Political, Economic and Social History of Latin America (Newark, DE: University of Delaware Press, 1982).
20. _, "Notes on the Comparative Economic History of Latin America and the United States," in Walter L. Bernecker and Hans Werner Tobler, eds., Development and Underdevelopment in America: Contrasts in Economic Growth in North and Latin America in Historical Perspective (New York, NY: Walter de Gruyter, 1993).
21. Cole, Jeffrey A., The Potosi Mita, 1573-1700: Compulsory Indian Labor in the Andes (Pale Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 1985).
22. Collins, K.J., and D.F. Roberts, eds., Capacity for Work in the Tropics (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1988).
23. Crosby, Alfred, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe 900-1900 (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1986).
24. Curtin, Philip D., Death by Migration (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1989).
25. De Long, J. Bradford, and Andrei Shleifer, "Princes and Merchants: European City Growth before the Industrial Revolution," Journal of Law and Economics, XXXVI (1993), 671-702.
26. de Vries, Jan, The Economy of Europe in an Age of Crisis, 1600-1750 (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1976).
27. _, European Urbanization, 1500-1800 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1984).
28. Denoon, Donald, Settler Capitalism: The Dynamics of Dependent Development in the Southern Hemisphere (Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 1983).
29. Diamond, Jared M., Guns, Germs and Steel: The Fate of Human Societies (New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Co., 1997).
30. DK Publishing, World Atlas (New York, NY: DK Publishing, 1997).
31. Duby, Georges, The Early Growth of the European Economy; Warriors and Peasants from the Seventh to the Twelfth Century (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1974).
32. Dunn, Richard S., Sugar and Slaves: The Rise of the Planter Class in the English West Indies 1624-1713 (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1972).
33. Eggimann, Gilbert, La Population des villes des Tiers-Mondes, 1500-1950 (Geneva: Centre d'histoire économique Internationale de l'Université de Genève, Libraire Droz, 1999).
34. Eltis, David, "The Total Product of Barbados, 1664-1701," Journal of Economic History, LV (1995), 321-336.
35. Engerman, Stanley L., "Notes on the Patterns of Economic Growth in the British North America Colonies in the Seventeenth, Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries" in Disparities in Economic Development since the Industrial Revolution, Paul Bairoch and Maurice Levy-Leboyer, eds. (New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 1981).
36. Engerman, Stanley L., and Kenneth L. Sokoloff, "Factor Endowments, Institutions, and Differential Paths of Growth among New World Economies," in S.H. Haber, ed., How Latin America Fell Behind (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1997).
37. Engerman, Stanley L., and Kenneth L. Sokoloff, "Institutions, Factor Endowments, and Paths of Development in the New World," Journal of Economic Perspectives, XIV (2000), 217-232.
38. Etemad, Bouda, and Jean-Claude Toutain, World Energy Production 1800-1985 (Geneva: Libraire Droz, 1991).
39. Fagan, Brian M., Ancient North America: The Archaeology of a Continent, third edition (London, UK: Thames & Hudson, 2000).
40. Frank, Andre Gunder, Dependent Accumulation and Underdevelopment (London, UK: Macmillan Press, 1978).
41. Galenson, David W., "The Settlement and Growth of the Colonies: Population, Labor and Economic Development," in Stanley L. Engerman and Robert E. Gallman, eds., The Cambridge Economic History of the United States, Volume I (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1996).
42. Gallman, Robert E., "Economic Growth and Structural Change in the Long Nineteenth Century," in Stanley L. Engerman and Robert E. Gallman, eds., The Cambridge Economic History of the United States, Volume II (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2000).
43. Gurr, Ted Robert, "Polity II: Political Structures and Regime Change, 1800-1986," unpublished paper, Boulder, CO, University of Colorado, 1997.
44. Hall, Robert E., and Charles I. Jones, "Why Do Some Countries Produce so Much More Output per Worker than Others?" Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXIV (1999), 83-116.
45. Harms, Robert C., River of Wealth, River of Sorrow: The Central Zaire Basin in the Era of the Slave and Ivory Trade, 1500-1891 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1981).
46. Hayek, Freidrich von, The Constitution of Liberty (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1960).
47. Hodgson, Marshall G.S., Essays on Europe, Islam and World History (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1993).
48. Hohenberg, Paul M., and Lynn Hollen Lees, The Making of Urban Europe, 1000-1950 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985).
49. Hopkins, Anthony G., An Economic History of West Africa (New York, NY: Addison-Wesley Longman, 1973).
50. Hughes, Robert, The Fatal Shore (New York, NY: Vintage Books, 1988).
51. International Labour Organization (ILO), Conditions of Work Digest, XIV (Geneva: ILO, 1995).
52. Jones, Charles I., "Population and Ideas: A Theory of Endogenous Growth," NBER Working Paper No. 6285, 1997.
53. Kahn, Zorina, and Kenneth Sokoloff, "Patent Institutions, Industrial Organization and Early Technological Change: Britain and the United States, 17901850," in Maxine Berg and Kristine Bruland, eds., Technological Revolutions in Europe: Historical Perspectives (Cheltenham, U.K. and Northampton, MA: Elgar, 1998).
54. Knack, Steven, and Philip Keefer, "Institutions and Economic Performance: Cross-Country Tests Using Alternative Measures," Economics and Politics, VII (1995), 207-227.
55. Kremer, Michael, "Population Growth and Technological Change: One Million B.C. to 1990," Quarterly Journal of Economics, CVIII (1993), 681-716.
56. Kuznets, Simon, Modern Economic Growth: Rate Structure and Spread (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1968).
57. Landes, David S., The Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Why Some Are So Rich and Some So Poor (New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Co, 1998).
58. La Porta, Rafael, Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert W. Vishny, unpublished appendix from "The Quality of Government," Journal of Law, Economics and Organization XV (1999), 222-279.
59. Law, Robin C.C., The Oyo Empire c1600-1836: A West African Imperialism in the Era of the Atlantic Slave Trade (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1977).
60. Lewis, W. Arthur, Growth and Fluctuations 1870-1913 (London, UK: George Allen and Unwin, 1978).
61. Livi-Bacci, Massimo, A Concise History of World Population, third edition (Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 2001).
62. Locke, John, Two Treatises of Government (Indianapolis, IN: Hackett, 1690, 1980).
63. Lockhart, James, and Stuart B. Schwartz, Early Latin America (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1983).
64. Machiavelli, Niccolò, Discourses on Livy (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1519, 1987).
65. Maddison, Angus, Monitoring the World Economy (Paris: OECD, 1820-1992, 1995).
66. _, The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective (Paris: OECD, Development Centre of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001).
67. Malthus, Thomas R., An Essay on the Principle of Population (Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1798, 1998).
68. Manning, Patrick, Slavery and African Life: Occidental, Oriental and African Slave Trades (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1990).
69. Marshall, Alfred, Principles of Economics (London, UK: Macmillan, 1890).
70. Marshall, P.J., "The British in Asia: Trade to Dominion, 1700-1765," in P.J. Marshall ed., The Oxford History of the British Empire, Volume II The Eighteenth Century (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1998).
71. McCusker, John J., and Russell R. Menard, The Economy of British America, 1607-1785 (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1985).
72. McEvedy, Colin, and Richard Jones, Atlas of World Population History (New York, NY: Facts on File, 1978).
73. McNeill, William H., Plagues and Peoples (Garden City, NJ: Anchor Press, 1976).
74. _, A World History, fourth edition (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1999).
75. Miller, Joseph C., Way of Death: Merchant Capitalism and the Angolan Slave Trade, 1730-1830 (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1988).
76. Mitchell, Brian R., International Historical Statistics, The Americas 1750-1988, second edition (New York, NY: Stockton Press, 1993).
77. Mitchell, Brian R., International Historical Statistics, Africa, Asia & Oceania 1750-1988, second edition (New York, NY: Stockton Press, 1995).
78. Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, The Spirit of the Laws (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1748, 1989).
79. Myrdal, Gunnar, Asian Drama: An Inquiry into the Poverty of Nations, 3 volumes (New York, NY: Twentieth Century Fund, 1968).
80. Nelson, Richard, and Edmund Phelps, "Investment in Humans, Technological Diffusion and Economic Growth," American Economic Association Papers and Proceedings, LVI (1966), 69-75.
81. North, Douglass C., Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1990).
82. North, Douglass C., and Robert P. Thomas, The Rise of the Western World: A New Economic History (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1973).
83. North, Douglass C., and Barry R. Weingast, "Constitutions and Commitment: Evolution of Institutions Governing Public Choice in Seventeenth Century England, Journal of Economic History, XLIX (1989), 803-832.
84. Notestein, Frank W., "Population: The Long View," in Theodore W. Schultze ed., Food for the World (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1945).
85. Olson, Mancur, The Rise and Decline of Nations: Economic Growth, Stagflation, and Economic Rigidities (New Haven, CT: and London, UK: Yale University Press, 1982).
86. _, Power and Prosperity: Outgrowing Communist and Capitalist Dictatorships (New York, NY: Basic Books, 2000).
87. Parker, Philip M., National Cultures of the World: A Statistical Reference, Cross-Cultural Statistical Encyclopedia of the World (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1997).
88. Pirenne, Henri, Medieval Cities: Their Origins and the Revival of Trade (New York, NY: Doubleday, 1956).
89. Pomeranz, Kenneth, The Great Divergence: Europe, China, and the Making of the Modern World Economy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000).
90. Postan, M.M., and E.E. Rich, The Cambridge Economic History of Europe: Volume 2, Trade and Industry in the Middle Ages (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1966).
91. Reid, Anthony, Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce: Volumes 1 and 2, The Lands Below the Winds (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1988 and 1993).
92. Rodney, Walter, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa (London, UK: Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications, 1972).
93. Romer, Paul M., "Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth," Journal of Political Economy, XCIV (1986), 1002-1037.
94. Rothenberg, Winifred, The Transformation of Rural Massachusetts, 1750-1850 (Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press, 1992).
95. Sachs, Jeffrey D., "Notes on a New Sociology of Economic Development," in Lawrence E. Harrison and Samuel P. Huntington, eds., Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress (New York, NY: Basic Books, 2000).
96. _, "Tropical Underdevelopment," NBER Working Paper No. 8119, 2001.
97. Showers, Victor, World Facts and Figures (New York, NY: Wiley, 1979).
98. Simon, Julian L., The Economics of Population Growth (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1977).
99. Smith, Adam, The Wealth of Nations (London, UK: Penguin Books, 1778, 1999).
100. Tilly, Charles, Coercion, Capital, and European States, A.D. 990-1990 (Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell, 1990).
101. Tilly, Charles, and Wim P. Blockmans eds., Cities and the Rise of States in Europe, A.D. 1000 to 1800 (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994).
102. Townsend, Richard F., The Aztecs (London, UK: Thames & Hudson, 2000).
103. Toynbee, Arnold J., A Study of History, 12 Volumes (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1934-1961).
104. United Nations (UN), Growth of the World's Urban and Rural Population, 1920-2000 (New York, NY: Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Studies, 1969).
105. _, World Urbanization Prospects: The 1996 Revision (New York, NY: Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 1998).
106. Waldman, Carl, Atlas of the North American Indian (New York, NY: Facts on File, Inc., 1985).
107. Wallerstein, Immanuel M., The Modern World-System, 3 Volumes (New York, NY: Academic Press, 1974-1980).
108. Wiegersma, Nancy, Vietnam: Peasant Land, Peasant Revolution (New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 1988).
109. White, Lynn, Jr., Medieval Technology and Social Change (London, UK: Oxford University Press, 1962).
110. Wilks, Ivor, Asante in the Nineteenth Century: The Structure and Evolution of a Political Order (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1975).
111. Williams, Eric E., Capitalism and Slavery (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1944).
112. World Bank, World Development Indicators (CD rom and book) (Washington, DC: World Bank, 1999).
113. World Coal Institute, Coal-Power for Progress, on the web at http://www.wcicoal.com/pfp.htm, March (2000).
114. World Resources Institute, World Resources: A Guide to the Global Environment, with The United Nations Environment Programme, The United Nations Development Programme, and the World Bank (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998).
115. Wrigley, Edward A., Continuity, Chance and Change (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1988).