Over-the-counter sleeping pills: A survey of use in Hong Kong and a review of their constituents

General Hospital Psychiatry

Volumn 24, Issue 6, 2002, Pages 430-435

  Chung, Ka Fai ^a   Lee, Claire K Y ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

Herbs; Hypnotics; Insomnia; Over the counter medications; Traditional Chinese medicine

Indexed keywords

GLYCYRRHIZA EXTRACT; HERBACEOUS AGENT; KAVA; MELATONIN; NON PRESCRIPTION DRUG; VALERIAN;

ARTICLE; BIOAVAILABILITY; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DATA BASE; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; HEALTH SURVEY; HONG KONG; HUMAN; INSOMNIA; MEDICAL LITERATURE; META ANALYSIS; RISK FACTOR; SLEEP;

EID: 0036864571     PISSN: 01638343     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0163-8343(02)00210-4     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Partinen M. Epidemiology of sleep disorders. Kryger M.H., Roth T., Dement W.C. Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine. 1994;437-452 WB Saunders, Philadelphia.
2. Silva J.A., Costa E., Chase M., Sartorius N., Roth T. Special report from a symposium held by the World Health Organization and the World Federation of Sleep Research Societies an overview of insomnias and related disorders - recognition, epidemiology, and rational management . Sleep. 19:1996;412-416.
3. Johnson E.O., Roehrs T., Roth T., Breslau N. Epidemiology of alcohol and medication as aids to sleep in early adulthood. Sleep. 21:1998;178-186.
4. Mellinger G.D., Balter M.B., Uhlenhuth E.H. Insomnia and its treatment, prevalence and correlates. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 42:1985;225-232.
5. Pillitteri J.L., Kozlwski L.T., Person D.C., Spear M.E. Over-the-counter sleep aids widely used but rarely studied . J Sub Abuse. 6:1994;315-323.
6. Ohayona M.M., Cauleta M., Priest R.G., Guilleminault C. Psychotropic medication consumption patterns in the UK general population. J Clin Epidemiology. 51:1998;273-283.
7. Eisenberg D.M., Davis R.B., Ettner S.L., et al. Trends in complementary medicine use in the United States, 1990-1997; results of a follow-up national survey. JAMA. 280:1998;1569-1575.
8. Blumenthal M., Busse W.R., Goldberg A., et al. The Complete German Commission E Monographs - therapeutic guide to herbal medicines. 1998;American Botanical Council, Austin, Texas.
9. Tang J.L., Zhan S.Y., Ernst E. Review of randomised controlled trials of traditional Chinese medicine. BMJ. 319:1999;160-161.
10. Leathwood P.D., Chauffard F., Heck E., Munoz B.R. Aqueous extract of valerian root (Valeriana officinalis L.) improves sleep quality in man. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 17:1982;65-71.
11. Leathwood P.D., Chauffard F. Aqueous extract of valerian reduces latency to fall asleep in man. Planta Med. 50:1985;144-148.
12. Balderer G., Borbely A.A. Effect of valerian on human sleep. Psychopharmacol. 87:1985;406-409.
13. Lindehl O., Lindwall L. Double blind study of a valerian preparation. Pharmcol Biochem Behav. 32:1989;1065-1066.
14. Schulz H., Stolz C., Muller J. The effect of a valerian extract on sleep polygraphy in poor sleepers a pilot study . Pharmacopsychiatr. 27:1994;278-279.
15. Donath F., Quispe S., Diefenbach K., Maurer A., Fietze I., Roots I. Critical evaluation of the effects of valerian extract on sleep structure and sleep quality. Pharmacopsychiatr. 33:2000;47-53.
16. Schulz V., Hansel R., Tyler V.E. Rational Phytotherapy. A physicians' guide to herbal medicine. 1998;Springer, Berlin.
17. Houghton P.J. The scientific basis for the reputed activity of valerian. J Pharm Pharmacol. 51:1999;505-512.
18. Chan T.Y.K., Tang C.H., Critchley A.J.H. Poisoning due to an over-the-counter hypnotic, Sleep-Qik (Hyoscine, cyproheptadine, valerian). Postgrad Med J. 71:1995;227-228.
19. Hiller K.O., Zetler G. Neuropharmacological studies on ethanol extracts of Valeriana officinalis L behavioural and anticonvulsant properties . Phytother Res. 10:1996;145-151.
20. Hendriks H., Bos R., Woerdenbag H.J., Koster A.S. Central nervous depressant activity of valerenic acid in the mouse. Planta Med. 1:1985;28-31.
21. Yager J., Siegfreid S.L., DiMatteo T.L. Use of alternative remedies by psychiatric patients illustrative vignettes and a discussion of the issues . Am J Psychiatry. 156:1999;1432-1438.
22. McGregor F.B., Abernethy V.E., Dahabra S., Cobden I., Hayes P.C. Hepatotoxicity of herbal remedies. BMJ. 299:1989;1156-1157.
23. Garges H.P., Varia I., Doraiswamy P.M. Cardiac complications and delirium associated with valerian root withdrawal. JAMA. 280:1998;1566-1567.
24. Tufik S., Fujita K., Seabra M.D.L., Lobo L.L. Effects of a prolonged administration of valepotriates in rats on the mothers and their offspring. J Ethnopharmacol. 41:1994;39-44.
25. Stevinson C., Ernst E. Valerian for insomnia a systematic review of randomized clinical trials . Sleep Med. 1:2000;91-99.
26. Plittler M.H., Ernst E. Efficacy of kava extract for treating anxiety systematic review and meta-analysis . J Clin Psychopharm. 20:2000;84-89.
27. Volz H.P., Kieser M. Kava-kava extract WS 1490 versus placebo in anxiety disorders -a randomized placebo-controlled 25-week outpatient trial. Pharmacopsychiatr. 30:1997;1-5.
28. Schelosky L., Raffauf C., Jendroska K., Poewe W. Kava and dopamine antagonism. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 58:1995;639-640.
29. Spillane P.K., Fisher D.A., Currie B.J. Neurological manifestations of kava intoxication. Med J Australia. 167:1997;172-173.
30. Almeida J.C., Grimsley E.W. Coma from the Health Food Store interaction between kava and alprazolam . Ann Intern Med. 125:1996;940-941.
31. Mathews J.D., Riley M.D., Fejo L., et al. Effects of the heavy usage of kava on physical health summary of a pilot survey in an Aboriginal community . Med J Australia. 148:1988;548-555.
32. Wong A.H.C., Smith M., Boon H.S. Herbal remedies in psychiatric practice. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 55:1998;1033-1044.
33. Adriane F.B., Ferry M.C. Dietary supplements and natural products as psychotherapeutic agents. Psychosom Med. 61:1996;712-728.
34. Xin Yi Xue Yuan Jiang-Su. Zhong yao da ci dian. Shanghai, Shanghai ke xue ji shu chu ban she. 1977-1979;. (in Chinese).
35. Zheng H.Z., Dong A.H., She J. Modern study of traditional Chinese medicine. 1997;Xue Yuan Press, Beijing. (in Chinese).
36. Ma, et al. Efficacy and pharmacological studies of suanzaorenanshen capsule in the treatment of insomnia. Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine. 9:1989;85-87. (in Chinese).
37. Zhang Z.Y. Insomnia treated by zinianshentang a report of 36 cases . Journal of Hunan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 17:1997;18-20. (in Chinese).
38. Qiao Z.G., Qiao Y.H., Qiao Y.Z. Insomnia treated by baiheanshentang a report of 126 cases . Guang Ming Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 76:1998;46-48. (in Chinese).
39. Zhao C.C., Yang Y.Q., Shao M.Q., Zhou P. Insomnia treated by cuimianyin a report of 63 cases . Zhong guo Min Jian Liao Fa. 4:1999;29-30. (in Chinese).
40. Pan S.B. Insomnia treated by dingmeitang a report of 25 cases . New Traditional Chinese Medicine. 29:1997;31-32. (in Chinese).
41. Zhang K.G. Jiaweiwendantang in treatment of severe insomnia a report of 32 cases . Fujian Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 30:1999;24. (in Chinese).
42. Shi R.Y. Clinical trials of huanglianajiaotang and suanzaorentang. Nanjing University Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 3:1998;174. (in Chinese).
43. Huang H.S. Insomnia treated by sumiantang a report of 85 cases . Fujian Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 30:1999;29. (in Chinese).
44. Wang W.M. Insomnia treated by kucansuanzaorentang a report of 17 cases . Hunan Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 13:1998;50-51. (in Chinese).
45. Lou Y.G. Insomnia treated by gaozhenwoyosan a report of 52 cases . Xijiang Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 6:1999;241. (in Chinese).
46. Chen H.C., Hsieh M.T. Clinical trial of suanzaorentang in the treatment of insomnia. Clin Ther. 7:1985;334-335.
47. Kanba S., Yamada K., Mizushima H., Murata T., Asai M. Use of herbal medicine for treating psychiatric disorders in Japan. Kanba S., Richelson E. Herbal medicines for neuropsychiatric diseases current developments and research . 1999;Brunner/Mazel, New York.
48. Lee P. Side effects of glycyrrhizae radix. Hunan Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 14:1998;59. (in Chinese).
49. Jang N.G. An analysis of insomnia treated by a combination of Chinese and Western medicine and psychotherapy. Yun Nan Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 20:1999;23-24. (in Chinese).
50. Chai F.S., Shiu S.H. Insomnia treated by suenzaorentang and estazolam a report of 39 cases . The Practical Journal of Integrating Chinese with Modern Medicine. 10:1997;1890. (in Chinese).
51. Ellis C.M., Lemmens G., Parkes J.D. Melatonin and insomnia. J Sleep Res. 5:1996;61-65.
52. James S.P., Sack D.A., Rosenthal N.E., Mendelson W.B. Melatonin administration in insomnia. Neuropsychopharmacol. 3:1990;19-23.
53. Hughes R.J., Sack R.L., Lewy A.J. The role of melatonin and circadian phase in age-related sleep-maintenance insomnia assessment in a clinical trial of melatonin replacement . Sleep. 21:1998;52-68.
54. Garfinkei D., Laudon M., Nof D., Zisapel N. Improvement of sleep quality in elderly people by controlled-release melatonin. Lancet. 346:1995;541-544.
55. Haimov I., Lavie P., Moshe L., Herer P., Vigder C., Zisapel N. Melatonin replacement therapy of elderly insomniacs. Sleep. 18:1995;595-603.
56. Shamir E., Laudon M., Barak Y., et al. Melatonin improves sleep quality of patients with chronic schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry. 61:2000;373-377.
57. Zhdanova I.V., Wurtman R.J., Morsabito C., Piotrovska V.R., Lynch H.J. Effects of low oral doses of melatonin, given 2-4 hours before habitual bedtime, on sleep in normal young humans. Sleep. 5:1996;423-431.
58. Arendt J. Clinical perspectives for melatonin and its agonists. Biol Psychiatry. 35:1994;1-2.
59. Naylor S., Gleich G.J., Cupp M. Over-the-counter melatonin products, and contamination. Am Fam Physician. 59:1999;284.
60. Sheldon S.H. Pro-convulsant effects of oral melatonin in neurologically disabled children. Lancet. 351:1998;1254.
61. Middleton B.A., Stone B.M., Arendt J. Melatonin and fragmented sleep patterns. Lancet. 348:1996;551-552.
62. Lehman N.L., Johnson L.N. Toxic optic neuropathy after concomitant use of melatonin, zoloft, and a high-protein diet. J Neuroophthalmol. 19:1999;232-234.
63. Mendelson W.B. A critical evaluation of the hypnotic efficacy of melatonin. Sleep. 20:1997;916-919.
64. Keck P.E., Mendlwicz J., Calabrese J.R., et al. A review of randomized, controlled clinical trials in acute mania. J Affect Disord. 59:2000;S31-S37.