A randomized paired comparison trial of cutaneous treatments for acute jellyfish (Carybdea alata) stings

American Journal of Emergency Medicine

Volumn 20, Issue 7, 2002, Pages 624-626

  Nomura, Jason T ^a   Sato, Renee L ^a   Ahern, Reina M ^a   Snow, Joanne L ^a   Kuwaye, Todd T ^a   Yamamoto, Loren G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII   (United States)

Author keywords

Jellyfish; Jellyfish stings; Marine envenomation; Marine toxin; Pain; Treatment; Visual analog scale

Indexed keywords

ACETIC ACID; CORTICOSTEROID; HOT WATER; PAPAIN; VINEGAR;

ADULT; ARTICLE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; HYPERTHERMIC THERAPY; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; JELLYFISH; NORMAL HUMAN; PAIN; PAIN ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VISUAL ANALOG SCALE; WATER IMMERSION;

EID: 0036852584     PISSN: 07356757     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/ajem.2002.35710     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Thomas C, Scott S: Box jellyfish stings, in Thomas C, Scott S (eds): All Stings Considered: First Aid and Medical Treatment of Hawaii's Marine Injuries. 1997, Honolulu, HI, University of Hawaii Press, 1997, pp 16-23
2. McGoldrick J, Marx JA: Marine envenomations part 2: Invertebrates. J Emerg Med 1992;10:71-77
3. Thomas CS, Scott SA, Galanis DJ, et al: Box jellyfish (Carybdea alata) in Waikiki: Their influx cycle plus the analgesic effect of hot and cold packs on their stings to swimmers at the beach: A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Hawaii Med J 2001;60:100-107
4. Marine Life Profile: Box Jellies. Waikiki Aquarium, Education Department. Available at http://waquarium.mic.hawaii.edu/MLP/root/html/Marine Life/Invertebrates/Cnidarians/BoxJelly.html. Accessed October 17, 2001
5. Williamson J, Burnett J: Clinical toxicology of marine coelenterate injuries, in Meier J, White J (eds): Handbook of Clinical Toxicology of Animal Venoms and Poisons. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press, 1995, pp 89-115
6. Tamanaha RH, Izumi AK: Persistent cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction after a Hawaiian box jellyfish sting (Carybdea alata). J Am Acad Dermatol 1996;35:991-993
7. Exton DR, Fenner PJ, Williamson JA: Cold packs: Effective topical analgesia in the treatment of painful stings by Physalia and other jellyfish. Med J Aust 1989;151:625-626
8. Fenner PJ, Williamson JA, Burnett JW, et al: First aid treatement of jellyfish stings in Australia: Response to a newly differentiated species. Med J Aust 1993;158:498-501
9. Hartwick R, Callanan V, Williamson J: Disarming the box jellyfish: Nematocyst inhibition in Chironex fleckeri. Med J Aust 1980;1:15-20
10. Dunn S: Disarming the box-jellyfish. Med J Aust 1993;158:647 (letter)
11. Fenner PJ, Williamson JA: Worldwide deaths and severe envenomation from jellyfish stings. Med J Aust 1996;165:658-664
12. Beadnell CE, Rider TA, Williamson JA, et al: Management of a major box jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri) sting: Lessons from the first minutes and hours. Med J Aust. 1992;156:655-658
13. Fenner PJ, Fitzpatrick PF, Hartwick RJ, et al: "Morbakka," another cubomedusan. Med J Aust 1985;143:550-555
14. Fenner PJ, Williamson J, Callanan VI, et al: Further understanding of, and a new treatment for, "Irukandju" (Carukia barnesi) stings. Med J Aust 1986;145:569-574
15. Fenner PJ, Willamson JAH: Experiments with the nematocysts of Carybdea rastoni ("Jimble"). Med J Aust 1987;147:258-259 (letter)
16. Burnett JW, Rubinstein H, Calton GJ: First aid for jellyfish envenomation. South Med J 1983;76:870-872
17. Chung JJ, Ratnapala LA, Cooke IM, et al: Partial purification and characterization of a hemolysin (CAH1) from Hawaiian box jellyfish (Carybdea alata) venom. Toxicon 2001;39:981-90
18. Nagai H, Takuwa K, Nakao M, et al: Isolation and characterization of a novel protein toxin from the Hawaiian box jellyfish (sea wasp) Carybdea alata. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 2000;275:589-594
19. Todd KH, Funk KG, Funk FP, et al: Clinical significance of reported changes in pain severity. Ann Emerg Med 1996;27:485-489
20. Yamamoto LG, Nomura JT, Sato RL, et al: Minimum clinically significant VAS differences for simultaneous (paired) and 2 to 5 minute interval serial pain assessments. Am J Emerg Med (in press)
21. Auerbach PS: Envenomation by aquatic invertebrates, in Auerbach PS (ed): Wilderness Medicine (Ed 4). St. Louis, MO, Mosby, 2001, pp 1450-1487.