Flap tear of rectus muscles: An underlying cause of strabismus after orbital trauma

Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Volumn 18, Issue 6, 2002, Pages 443-449

  Ludwig, Irene H ^a   Brown, Mark S ^a  

^a Department of Eye Plastics ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BLUNT TRAUMA; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLE; EYE MOVEMENT; EYE SURGERY; GAZE; HUMAN; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE FLAP; ORBIT FRACTURE; ORBIT INJURY; PARALYSIS; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETINA DETACHMENT; SCHOOL CHILD; STRABISMUS; STRABISMUS SURGERY;

EID: 0036850793     PISSN: 07409303     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00002341-200211000-00011     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Wojno TH. The incidence of extraocular muscle and cranial nerve palsy in orbital floor blow-out fractures. Ophthalmology 1987;94:682-5.
2. Metz HS. Scott WE, Madson E. Saccadic velocity and active force studies in blow-out fractures of the orbit. Am J Ophthalmol 1974;78:665-70.
3. von Noorden GK, Hansell R. Clinical characteristics and treatment of isolated inferior rectus paralysis. Ophthalmology 1991;98:253-7.
4. Duke-Elder S, MacFaul PA. System of Ophthalmology. St Louis: CV Mosby Co; 1972:298-306.
5. Helveston EM. The relationship of extraocular muscle problems to orbital floor fractures: Early and late management. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1977;83:660-2.
6. Emery JM, von Noorden GK, Schlernitzauer DA. Orbital floor fractures: Long-term follow-up of cases with and without surgical repair. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1971;75:802-12.
7. von Noorden GK. Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility. St Louis: CV Mosby; 1996:452-5.
8. Putterman AM. Management of orbital floor blowout fractures. Adv Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 1987;6:281-5.
9. Kushner BJ. Management of diplopia limited to down gaze. Arch Ophthalmol 1995;113:1426-30.
10. Ludwig IH, Brown MS. Strabismus due to flap tear of a rectus muscle. Trans Am Ophth Soc 2001;99:53-63.
11. von Noorden GK. Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility. St Louis: Mosby; 1996:526-83.
12. Brown MS, Ky W, Lisman RD. Concomitant ocular injuries with orbital fractures. J Craniomaxillofac Trauma 1999;5:41-6.
13. Fradkin A. Orbital floor fractures and ocular complications. Am J Ophthal 1977;699-700.
14. Holt JE, Hold R, Blodett JM. Ocular injuries sustained during blunt facial trauma. Ophthalmology 1983;90:14-8.
15. Cole HG, Smith B. Eye muscle imbalance complicating orbital floor fractures. Am J Ophthalmol 1963;55:930-5.
16. Demer JL, Oh SY, Poukens V. Evidence for active control of rectus extraocular muscle pulleys. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000;41:1280-90.
17. Koorneef L. Anatomy and function of orbital septa. Ophthalmology 1979;86:876-8.
18. Harris GJ, Garcia GH, Logani SC, et al. Correlation of preoperative computed tomography and postoperative ocular motility in orbital blowout fractures. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2000;16:179-87.
19. Hawes MJ, Dortzbach RK. The microscopic anatomy of the lower eyelid retractors. Arch Ophthalmol 1982;100:1313-7.
20. Pacheco EM, Guyton DL, Repka MX. Changes in eyelid position accompanying vertical rectus muscle surgery and prevention of lower lid retraction with adjustable surgery. J Pediatr Ophthal Strabismus 1992;29:265-72.
21. Ruttum MS, Harris GJ. Orbital blowout fracture with ipsilateral fourth nerve palsy. Am J Ophthalmol 1985;100:343-4.