Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of Clostridium novyi, C. perfringens and Bacillus cereus isolated from injecting drug users during 2000

Journal of Medical Microbiology

Volumn 51, Issue 11, 2002, Pages 990-1000

  McLauchlin, J ^a   Salmon, J E ^a   Ahmed, S ^a   Brazier, J S ^a   Brett, M M ^a   George, R C ^a   Hood, J ^a  

^a Food Safety Microbiology Laboratory Div of Gastrointestinal Infections   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DIAMORPHINE;

AMPLIFIED FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; ARTICLE; BACILLUS CEREUS; BACTERIAL GROWTH; BACTERIAL INFECTION; BACTERIAL SURVIVAL; BACTERIUM CULTURE; BACTERIUM ISOLATE; CLOSTRIDIUM NOVYI; CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG ABUSE; EPIDEMIC; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SYRINGE; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 0036841923     PISSN: 00222615     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-51-11-990     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Brettle RP. Infection and injection drug use. J Infect 1992; 25: 121-131.
2. Horsburgh CR, Anderson JR, Boyko EJ. Increased incidence of infections in intravenous drug users. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1989; 10: 211-215.
3. Peat M, Budd J, Burns SM, Robertson R. Audit of blood borne virus infections in injecting drug users in general practice. Commun Dis Public Health 2000; 3: 244-246.
4. Martin C, Schaller MD, Lepori M, Liaudet L. Cranial nerve palsies and decending paralysis in a drug abuser resulting from wound botulism. Intensive Care Med 1999; 25: 765-769.
5. Werner SB, Passaro D, McGee J, Schechter R, Vugia DJ. Wound botulism in California, 1951-1998: Recent epidemic in heroin injectors. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 31: 1018-1024.
6. Jensenius M, Lovstad RZ, Dhaenens G, Rorvik LM. A heroin user with a wobbly head. Lancet 2000; 356: 1160.
7. Talan DA, Moran GJ. Tetanus among injecting drug users: California 1997. Ann Emerg Med 1998; 32: 385-386.
8. Ringertz SH, Hoiby EA, Jensenius M et al. Injectional anthrax in a heroin skin-popper. Lancet 2000; 354: 1574-1575.
9. Bloomfield SF, Arthur M. Mechanisms of inactivation and resistance of spores to chemical biocides. Soc Appl Bacteriol Symp Suppl 1994; 23: 91S-104S.
10. Christie B. Gangrene bug "killed 35 heroin users". BMJ 2000; 320: 1690.
11. Anon. Serious unexplained illness among drug injectors. Commun Dis Rep CDR Wkly 2000; 24: 195.
12. Anon. Clostridium novyi is likely cause of 'serious unexplained illness' as cases continue to be reported. Commun Dis Rep CDR Wkly 2000; 24: 213, 216.
13. Anon. Update: Clostridium novyi and unexplained illness among injecting drug users: Scotland, Ireland and England April-June 2000. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2000; 49: 543-544.
14. Ryan JM, Paul J, Curtis S, Patel NK. Clostridium novyi infection: A fatal association with injecting drug users. Emerg Med J 2001; 18: 138-139.
15. McGuigan CC, Penrice GM, Black M et al. Outbreak of infection with Clostridium novyi and other sporulating bacteria in Scottish injecting drug users. J Med Microbiol 2002; 51: 971-977.
16. Hood J, Horne G, Sweeney G, Baird K. Third case of wound botulism in an injecting drug user. SCIEH Weekly Report 2000; 34: 200.
17. Mulleague L, Bonner SM, Samuel A et al. Wound botulism in drug addicts in the United Kingdom. Anaesthesia 2001; 56: 120-123.
18. Dancer SJ, McNair D, Finn P, Kolstot AB. Bacillus cereus cellulitis from contaminated heroin. J Med Microbiol 2002; 51: 278-281.
19. Athwal BS, Gale AN, Brett MM, Youl BD. Wound botulism in UK. Lancet 2000; 356: 2001-2002.
20. Khan M, Chay S, Bonner S, Brett M. Wound botulism in injecting drug users: Second case in England. Eurosurveillance Weekly 2000; 22 June.
21. Zabeau M, Vos P. Selective Restriction Fragment Amplification: A General Method for DNA Fingerprinting. Munich, European Patent Office. No. EP 0 534 858, 1993.
22. Vos P, Hogers R, Bleeker M et al. AFLP: A new technique for DNA fingerprinting. Nucleic Acids Res 1995; 23: 4407-4414.
23. Janssen P, Coopman R, Huys G et al. Evaluation of the DNA fingerprinting method AFLP as a new tool in bacterial taxonomy. Microbiology 1996; 142: 1881-1893.
24. Gibson JR, Slater E, Xerry J, Tompkins DS, Owen RJ. Use of an amplified-fragment length polymorphism technique to fingerprint and differentiate isolates of Helicobacter pylori. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36: 2580-2585.
25. Fry NK, Bangsborg JM, Bernander S et al. Assessment of intercentre reproducibility and epidemiological concordance of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 genotyping by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2000; 19: 773-780.
26. McLauchlin J, Ripabelli G, Brett MM, Threlfall EJ. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of Clostridium perfringens for epidemiological typing. Int J Food Microbiol 2000; 56: 21-28.
27. Ripabelli G, McLauchlin J, Mithani V, Threlfall EJ. Epidemiological typing of Bacillus cereus by amplified fragment length polymorphism. Lett Appl Microbiol 2000; 30: 358-363.
28. Maagaard A, Hermansen N, Heger B et al. Serious systemic illness among injecting drug users in Europe: New case in Oslo. Euroserveillance Weekly 2000; 14 September.
29. Holdeman LV, Moore WEC, Cato EP (eds). Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, 4th Edn. Blacksburg, VA, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. 1977.
30. Hutson RA, Thompson DE, Collins MD. Genetic interrelationships of saccharolytic Clostridium botulinum types B, E and F and related clostridia as revealed by small-subunit rRNA gene sequences. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1993; 108: 103-110.
31. Berry PR, Gilbert RJ. Clostridium perfringens type A food poisoning. In: Duerden BI, Draser BS (eds) Anaerobes in Human Disease. London, Arnold. 1991: 362-371.
32. Stringer MF, Turnbull PCB, Gilbert RJ. Application of serological typing to the investigation of outbreaks of Clostridium perfringens food poisoning, 1970-1978. J Hyg 1980; 84: 443-456.
33. Stringer MF, Watson GN, Gilbert RJ. Clostridium perfringens type A: serological typing and methods for the detection of enterotoxin. In: Corry JEL, Roberts D, Skinner FA (eds) Isolation and Identification Methods for Food Poisoning Organisms. Society for Applied Bacteriology Technical Series, no. 17. London, Academic Press. 1982: 111-135.
34. Stringer MF, Watson GN, Gilbert RJ et al. Faecal carriage of Clostridium perfringens. J Hyg 1985; 95: 277-288.
35. Fach P, Popoff MR. Detection of enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens in food and faecal samples with a duplex PCR and the slide latex agglutination test. Appl Environ Microbiol 1997; 63: 4232-4236.
36. Parry JM, Turnball PCB, Gibson JR. A Colour Atlas of Bacillus Species. London, Wolf Medical Publications. 1983.
37. Taylor AJ, Gilbert RJ. Bacillus cereus food poisoning: A provisional serotyping scheme. J Med Microbiol 1975; 8: 543-550.
38. Gilbert RJ, Parry JM. Serotypes of Bacillus cereus from outbreaks of food poisoning and from routine foods. J Hyg 1977; 78: 69-74.
39. Hatheway CL, Johnson EA. Clostridium: The spore-bearing anaerobes. In: Balows A, Duerden BI (eds) Topley and Wilson's Microbiology and Microbial Infections, 9th Edn, Vol 2. Systematic Bacteriology. London, Arnold. 1998: 731-782.
40. Koneman EW, Davis MA. Postmortem bacteriology. III. Clinical significance of microorganisms recovered at autopsy. Am J Clin Pathol 1974; 61: 28-40.
41. McGuigan C, Roworth M. Clostridium novyi type A infection: A sporadic fatal case. Scand J Infect Dis 2002; 34: 209-211.
42. McLaughlin J, Mithani V, Bolton FJ et al. An investigation into the microflora of heroin. J Med Microbiol 2002; 51: 1001-1008.