Supplementary routes to local anaesthesia

International Endodontic Journal

Volumn 35, Issue 11, 2002, Pages 885-896

  Meechan, J G ^a  

^a NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Dental local anaesthesia; Intraligamentary anaesthesia; Intraosseous anaesthesia; Intrapulpal anaesthesia

Indexed keywords

LOCAL ANESTHETIC AGENT;

DENTAL ANESTHESIA; DRUG EFFECT; HUMAN; INJECTION; INNERVATION; INSTRUMENTATION; LOCAL ANESTHESIA; MANDIBLE; MANDIBULAR NERVE; METHODOLOGY; NERVE BLOCK; PAIN; PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT; REVIEW; TIME; TOOTH PULP;

ANESTHESIA, DENTAL; ANESTHESIA, LOCAL; ANESTHETICS, LOCAL; DENTAL PULP; HUMANS; INJECTIONS; MANDIBLE; MANDIBULAR NERVE; NERVE BLOCK; PAIN; PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 0036834203     PISSN: 01432885     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2002.00592.x     Document Type: Review

References (87)

1. Afsar A, Haas DA, Rossouw PE, Wood RE (1998) Radiographic localization of mandibular anesthesia landmarks. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 86, 234-41.
2. Ah Pin PJ (1987) The use of intraligamental injections in haemophiliacs. British Dental Journal 162, 151-2.
3. Akinosi JO (1977) A new approach to the mandibular nerve block. British Journal of Oral Surgery 15, 83-7.
4. Antenucci F, Giannoni M, Baldi M, Marci MC (1990) Subcutaneous emphysema during intraligamental anesthesia. Dental Cadmos 15, 87-9.
5. Bedi R, King NM, Brook AH (1984) Local anaesthesia for children: recent developments. Dental Update 11, 283-8.
6. Birchfield J, Rosenberg PA (1975) Role of the anesthetic solution in intrapulpal anesthesia. Journal of Endodontics 1, 26-7.
7. Brannstrom M, Nordenvall K-J, Hedstrom KG (1982) Periodontal tissue changes after intraligamentary anaesthesia. Journal of Dentistry for Children 49, 417-23.
8. Brannstrom M, Lindskog S, Nordenvall K-J (1984) Enamel hypoplasia in permanent teeth induced by periodontal ligament anesthesia of primary teeth. Journal of the American Dental Association 109, 735-6.
9. Clark MS, Silverstone LM, Lindenmuth J, Hicks MJ, Averbach RE, Kleier DJ, Stoller NH (1987) An evaluation of the clinical analgesia/anesthesia efficacy on acute pain using the high frequency neural modulator in various dental settings. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 63, 501-5.
10. Coggins R, Reader A, Nist R, Beck M, Meyers WJ (1996) Anesthetic efficacy of the intraosseous injection in maxillary and mandibular teeth. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 81, 634-41.
11. Cohen HP, Cha BY, Spangberg LSW (1993) Endodontic anesthesia in mandibular molars: a clinical study. Journal of Endodontics 19, 370-3.
12. Cowan A (1986) A clinical assessment of the intraligamentary injection. British Dental Journal 161, 296-8.
13. D'Souza JE, Walton RE, Petersen LC (1987) Periodontal ligament injection: an evaluation of the extent of anesthesia and post-injection discomfort. Journal of the American Dental Association 114, 341-4.
14. Davidson L, Craig S (1987) The use of the periodontal ligament injection in children. Journal of Dentistry 15, 204-8.
15. DeNunzio M (1998) Topical anesthetic as an adjunct to local anesthesia during pulpectomies. Journal of Endodontics 24, 202-3.
16. Dreyer WP, Van Heerden JDV, Joubert (1983) The route of periodontal ligament injections of local anaesthetic solution. Journal of Endodontics 9, 471-4.
17. Dunbar D, Reader A, Nist R, Beck M, Meyers MJ (1996) Anesthetic efficacy of the intraosseous injection after an inferior alveolar nerve block. Journal of Endodontics 22, 481-6.
18. Faulkner RK (1983) The high-pressure periodontal ligament injection. British Dental Journal 154, 103-5.
19. Friedman MJ, Hochman MN (1998) The AMSA injection: a new concept for local anesthesia of maxillary teeth using a computer-controlled injection system. Quintessence International 29, 297-303.
20. Friedman MJ, Hochman MN (1999) P-ASA block injection: a new palatal technique to anesthetize maxillary anterior teeth. Journal of Esthetic Dentistry 11, 63-71.
21. Fuhs QM, Walker WA, Gough RW et al. (1983) The periodontal ligament injection: histological effects on the periodontium in dogs. Journal of Endodontics 9, 411-5.
22. Galili D, Kaufman E, Garfunkel AD et al. (1984) Intraligamental anesthesia - a histological study. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 13, 511-6.
23. Garfunkel AA, Kaufman E, Marmary Y et al. (1983) Intraligamentary-intraosseus anesthesia. A radiographic demonstration. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 12, 334-9.
24. Gow-Gates GAE (1973) Mandibular conduction anaesthesia: a new technique using extraoral landmarks. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 36, 321-8.
25. Gray RJM, Lomax AM, Rood JP (1987) Periodontal ligament injection: with or without a vasoconstrictor? British Dental Journal 162, 263-5.
26. GrundyJR (1984) Intraligamental anaesthesia. Restorative Dentistry 1, 36-42.
27. Gurney BF (1967) Anesthesiology and pharmacology in endodontics. Dental Clinics of North America November 1967, 615-31.
28. Heasman PA, Beynon ADG (1986) Clinical anatomy of regional analgesia: an approach to failure. Dental Update 13, 469-76.
29. Kaufman E, Galili D, Garfunkel AA (1983) Intraligamental anaesthesia: a clinical study. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 49, 337-9.
30. Kaufman E, Weinstein P, Milgrom P (1984) Difficulties in achieving local anesthesia. Journal of the American Dental Association 108, 205-8.
31. Kaufman E, Solomon V, Rozen L, Peltz R (1994) Pulpal efficacy of four lidocaine solutions injected with an intraligamentary syringe. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 78, 17-21.
32. Khedari AJ (1982) Alternative to mandibular block injections through intraligamental anesthesia. Quintessence International 13, 231-7.
33. Kim S (1986) Ligamental injection: a physiological explanation of its efficacy. Journal of Endodontics 12, 486-91.
34. Leonard MS (1995) The efficacy of an intraosseous injection system of delivering local anesthetic. Journal of the American Dental Association 126, 81-6.
35. Lilienthal B (1975) A clinical appraisal of intraosseous dental anesthesia. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 39, 692-7.
36. Lilienthal B, Reynolds AK (1975) Cardiovascular responses to intraosseous injections containing catecholamines. Oral Surgery 40, 574-83.
37. Lin L, Lapeyrolerie M, Skribner J et al. (1985) Periodontal ligament injection: effects on pulp tissue. Journal of Endodontics 11, 529-34.
38. List G, Meister F, Nery EB et al. (1988) Gingival crevicular fluid response to various solutions using the intraligamentary injection. Quintessence International 19, 559-63.
39. Lovsund-Johannesson E, Koch G, Ugne I (1986) Periodontal ligament anaesthesia - effect on root cementum in homo. Swedish Dental Journal 10, 145-50.
40. Malamed SF (1982) The periodontal ligament (pdl) injection: an alternative to inferior alveolar nerve block. Oral Surgery 53, 117-21.
41. Malamed SF (1997) Handbook of Local Anesthesia, 4th edn; p. 224. St. Louis: Mosby.
42. Malamed SF (1998) The management of pain and anxiety. In: Cohen S, Burns RC, eds. Pathways of the Pulp, 7th edn; pp. 665-6. St. Louis: Mosby.
43. Matthews RW, Stables DI (1985) Intraligamentary dental analgesia by dental therapists. British Dental Journal 159, 329-30.
44. Meechan JG (1989) The administration and effects of dental local anaesthetics (PhD Thesis). UK: University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
45. Meechan JG, McCabe JF, Carrick TE (1990) Plastic dental local anaesthetic cartridges: a laboratory investigation. British Dental Journal 169, 54-6.
46. Meechan JG, Donaldson D, Kotlicki A (1995) The effect of storage temperature on the resistance to failure of dental local anesthetic cartridges. Journal of the Canadian Dental Association 61, 143-8.
47. Meechan JG, Gowans AJ, Welbury RR (1998) The use of patient controlled transcutaneous electronic nerve stimulation (TENS) to decrease the discomfort of regional anaesthesia in dentistry: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Dentistry 26, 417-20.
48. Meechan JG, Thomason JM (1999) A comparison of 2 topical anesthetics on the discomfort of intraligamentary injections. Oral Surgery 87, 362-5.
49. Milgrom P, Weinstein P, Kaufman E (1984) Student difficulties in achieving local anesthesia. Journal of Dental Education 48, 168-70.
50. Miller AG (1983) A clinical evaluation of the Ligmaject periodontal ligament injection syringe. Dental Update 10, 639-43.
51. Nelson PW (1981) Letter. Journal of the American Dental Association 103, 692.
52. NussteinJ, Reader A, Nist R, Beck M, Meyers WJ (1998) Anesthetic efficacy of the supplemental intraosseous injection of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in irreversible pulpitis. Journal of Endodontics 24, 487-91.
53. Parente SA, Anderson RW, Herman WW, Kimbrough WF, Weller RN (1998) Anesthetic efficacy of the supplemental intraosseous injection for teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Journal of Endodontics 24, 826-8.
54. Pashley DH (1986) Systemic effects of intraligamental injections. Journal of Endodontics 12, 501-4.
55. Pertot WJ, Dejou J (1992) Bone and root resorption. Effects of the force developed during periodontal ligament injection in dogs. Oral Surgery 74, 357-65.
56. Peurach JC (1985) Pulpal response to intraligamentary injection in the Cynomologus monkey. Anesthesia Progress 32, 73-5.
57. Plamondon TJ, Walton RE, Graham GS et al. (1990) Pulp response to the combined effects of cavity preparation and periodontal ligament injection. Operative Dentistry 15, 86-93.
58. Quarnstrom F (1992) Electronic dental analgesia. Anesthesia Progress 39, 162-77.
59. Rawson RD, Orr DL (1985) Vascular penetration following intraligamental injection. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 43, 600-4.
60. Reisman D, Reader A, Nist R, Beck M, Weaver M (1997) Anesthetic efficacy of the supplemental intraosseous injection of 3% mepivacaine in irreversible pulpitis. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 84, 672-82.
61. Repogle K, Reader A, Nist R, Beck M, Weaver J, Meyers WJ (1997) Anesthetic efficacy of the intraosseous injection of 2% lidocaine (1:100,000 epinephrine) and 3% mepivacaine in mandibular first molars. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 83, 30-7.
62. Roahen JO, Marshall FJ (1990) The effects of periodontal ligament injections on pulpal and periodontal tissues. Journal of Endodontics 16, 28-33.
63. Roberts GJ, Rosenbaum NL (1991) A Colour Atlas of Dental Analgesia and Sedation, p. 50. London: Wolfe.
64. Roberts GJ, Holzel HS, Sury MRJ, Simmons NA, Gardner P, Longhurst P (1997) Dental bacteremia in children. Pediatric Cardiology 18, 24-7.
65. Saroff SA, Chasens AI, Doyle JL (1986) External tooth resorption following periodontal ligament injection. Journal of Oral Medicine 41, 201-3.
66. Schleder JR, Reader A, Beck M et al. (1988) The periodontal ligament injection: a comparison of 2% lidocaine, 3% mepivacaine and 1 : 100,000 epinephrine to 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine in human mandibular premolars. Journal of Endodontics 14, 397-404.
67. Smith GN, Pashley DH (1983) Periodontal ligament injection: evaluation of systemic effects. Oral Surgery 56, 571-4.
68. Smith GN, Smith SA (1983) Intrapulpal injection: distribution of an injected solution. Journal of Endodontics 9, 167-70.
69. Smith GN, Walton RE (1983) Periodontal ligament injection: distribution of injected solutions. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 55, 232-8.
70. Smith GN, Walton RE, Abbott BJ (1983) Clinical evaluation of periodontal ligament anesthesia using a pressure syringe. Journal of the American Dental Association 107, 953-6.
71. Spuller RL (1988) Use of the periodontal ligamentary injection in dental care of the patient with haemophilia - a clinical evaluation. Special Care Dentistry 8, 28-9.
72. Status Report of the Council on Dental Materials Instruments and Equipment. (1983) Journal of the American Dental Association 106, 222-4.
73. Sykes P (1991) The paroject periodontal ligament syringe. A clinical review. Dental Practice 29, 22-3.
74. Teixeira LS, Demarco FF, Coppola MC, Bonow MLM (1999) Clinical and radiographic evaluation of pulpotomies performed with intrapulpal injection of anesthetic solution. Journal of Dental Research 78, 385 (Abstract 2237).
75. Torabinejad M, Peters DL, Peckham N, Renchler LR, Richardson J (1993) Electron microscopic changes in human pulps after intraligamental injection. Oral Surgery 76, 219-24.
76. VanGheluwe J, Walton R (1997) Intrapulpal injection. Factors related to effectiveness. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 83, 38-40.
77. Vickers ER, Punnia MoorthyA (1993) Pulpal anesthesia from an application of a eutectic topical anesthetic. Quintessence International 24, 547-51.
78. Walmsley AD, Lloyd JM, Harrington E (1989) Pressures produced in vitro during intraligamentary anaesthesia. British Dental Journal 167, 341-4.
79. Walton RE (1986) Distribution of solutions with the periodontal ligament injection: clinical, anatomical and histological evidence. Journal of Endodontics 12, 492-500.
80. Walton RE, Abbott BJ (1981) Periodontal ligament injection: a clinical evaluation. Journal of the American Dental Association 103, 571-5.
81. Walton RE, Garnick JJ (1982) The periodontal ligament injection: histologic effects on the periodontium in monkeys. Journal of Endodontics 8, 22-6.
82. White JJ, Reader A, Beck M et al. (1988) The periodontal ligament injection: a comparison of the efficacy in human maxillary and mandibular teeth. Journal of Endodontics 14, 508-14.
83. Williams W (2001) A new perspective on local anaesthesia: part 2. Dentistry March, 29-37.
84. Wilson S, Johns P, Fuller PM (1984) The inferior alveolar and mylohyoid nerves: an anatomic study and relationship to local anesthesia of the anterior mandibular teeth. Journal of the American Dental Association 108, 350-2.
85. Wilson S, de Molina LL, Preisch J, Weaver J (1999) The effect of electronic dental anesthesia on behavior during local anesthetic injection in the young, sedated dental patient. Paediatic Dentistry 21, 12-7.
86. Won SH, Ryu HR, Lee SW Kho HS (1995) Penetration of lidocaine into oral mucosa by iontophoresis and its clinical application. Journal of Dental Research 74, 576(Abstract 1404).
87. Zed CM, Epstein J, Donaldson D (1996) Topical liposome encapsulated tetracaine versus benzocaine: a clinical investigation. Journal of Dental Research 75, 247 (Abstract 1840).