Hydrogen activation by transition metal sulfides

Catalysis Reviews - Science and Engineering

Volumn 44, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 651-735

  Breysse, Michèle ^a   Furimsky, Edward ^b   Kasztelan, Slavik ^c   Lacroix, Michel ^d   Perot, Guy ^e  

^a SORBONNE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

^b IMAF Group   (Canada)

^c IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES   (France)

^d INST DE RECHERCHES SUR LA CATALYSE   (France)

^e UNIVERSITÉ DE POITIERS   (France)

Author keywords

Catalyst design; Hydrogen activation; Hydroprocessing catalysts; Noble metal sulfides

Indexed keywords

ADSORPTION; CHEMICAL ACTIVATION; DISSOCIATION; HYDROGEN; PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS; REDUCTION; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; TRANSITION METAL COMPOUNDS;

HYDROPROCESSING RESULTS;

CATALYST ACTIVITY;

EID: 0036827437     PISSN: 01614940     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1081/CR-120015483     Document Type: Article

References (172)

1. Girgis, M.J.; Gates, B.C. Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Simulated Coal Liquids. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1991, 30, 2021-2058.
2. Topsøe, H.; Clausen, B.C.; Massoth, F.E. Hydrotreating Catalysis. In Catalysis, Science and Technology; Anderson, J., Boudart, M., Eds.; Springer: Berlin, 1996; Vol. 11.
3. Kabe, T.; Ishikawa, A.; Qian, W. Hydrodesulfurization and Hydrodenitrogenation; Wiley-VCH: Chichester, UK, 1999.
4. Massoth, F.E. Characterization of Molybdena Catalysts. Adv. Catal. 1978, 27, 265-310.
5. Chianelli, R.R. Fundamental Studies of Transition Metal Sulfides HDS Catalysts. Catal. Rev. - Sci. Eng. 1984, 26, 361-393.
6. Ho, T.C. Hydrodenitrogenation Catalysis. Catal. Rev. - Sci. Eng. 1988, 30, 117-160.
7. Perot, G. Reactions Involved in Hydrodenitrogenation. Catal. Today 1991, 10, 447-472.
8. Prins, R. In Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis; Ertl, G., Knozinger, H., Weitkamp, J., Eds.; VCH Verlagsgesellschaft: Weinheim, Germany, 1997; Vol. X.
9. Furimsky, E. Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation. Appl. Catal. 2000, 199, 147-190.
10. Furimsky, E.; Massoth, F.E. Deactivation of Hydro Processing Catalysts. Catal. Today 1999, 52, 381-495.
11. Stanislaus, A.; Cooper, B.H. Aromatics Hydrogenation Catalysis: Review. Catal. Rev. - Sci. Eng. 1994, 36, 75-123.
12. Grange, P. Catalytic Hydrodesulfurization. Catal. Rev. - Sci. Eng. 1980, 21, 135-181.
13. Massoth, F.E.; Muralidhar, G. In Fourth Climax Int. Conf. on Chemistry and Uses of Molybdenum; Barry, H.F., Mitchell, P.C.H., Eds.; Climax Molybdenum Co.: Ann Arbor, MI, 1982; 43-51.
14. 3 catalysts. Catal. Rev. - Sci. Eng. 1980, 22, 401-429.
15. Trimm, D.L. Design of Industrial Catalysts; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1980.
16. Poncelet, G.; Grange, P.; Jacobs, P. Preparation of Catalysts III; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1983.
17. Moyes, R.B. In Hydrogen Effects in Catalysis; Paal, Z., Menon, P.G., Eds.; Marcel Dekker: New York, 1988; 583-607.
18. 2 Catalysts. J. Catal. 1971, 23, 236-242.
19. 2 Catalysts. J. Catal. 1971, 23, 228-235.
20. 2) Particles. Langmuir 1990, 6, 590-595.
21. 3 Catalysts. J. Catal. 1988, 109, 320-328.
22. 3 Catalysts. Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg. 1987, 96, 1003-1008.
23. 2: Gas-Solid Interface: The Nature of the Catalytically Active Sites. J. Catal. 2000, 189, 129-146.
24. 2. Theory of Its Heterolytic and Homolytic Chemisorption. J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 803-809.
25. 2 Single Crystal Catalysts: Regulation of Catalytic Processes by the Conformation of Active Sites. J. Catal. 1982, 78, 155-164.
26. Kasztelan, S.; Toulhoat, H.; Grimblot, J.; Bonnelle, J.P. A Geometrical Model of the Active Phase of Hydrotreating Catalysts. Appl. Catal. 1984, 13, 127-159.
27. 2 Catalysts: The "Rim-Edge" Model. J. Catal. 1994, 149, 414-427.
28. 2-Based Catalysts by High Resolution Electron Microscopy. J. Catal. 1994, 147, 123-132.
29. Topsøe, H.; Clausen, B.S.; Topsøe, N.-Y.; Nørskov, J.K.; Ovensen, C.V.; Jacobsen, C.J.H. The Bond Energy Model for Hydrotreating Reactions: Theoretical and Experimental Aspects. Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg. 1995, 104, 283-292.
30. 30. Topsøe, H.; Clausen, B.S.; Topsøe, N.-Y.; Hyldtoft, J.; Norskov, J.K. Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Periodic Trends and Promotional Behaviors of Hydrotreating Catalysts. Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Petr. Chem. Prepr. 1993, 38, 638-641.
31. Norskov, J.K.; Clausen, B.S.; Topsøe, H. Understanding the Trends in the HDS Activity of the Transition Metal Sulfides. Catal. Lett. 1992, 13, 1-8.
32. Shabtai, J.; Yeh, G.J.C.; Russeland, C.; Oblad, A.G. Kinetics of HDN of SRC-II Liquids and Synfuels-Simulated Blends. Fuel 1988, 67, 314-320.
33. Harris, S.; Chianelli, R.R. Catalysis by Transition Metal Sulfides: The Relation Between Calculated and Electronic Trends and HDS Activity. J. Catal. 1984, 86, 400-412.
34. 2 Catalyst: An Ab Initio Local Density Functional Study. J. Catal. 2000, 190, 128-143.
35. 2. Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg. 1991, 100, 967-976.
36. 2. Trans. Faraday Soc. 1970, 66, 2897-3009.
37. 3-Based Catalysts. Evidence for the Presence of SH Groups and Their Role in Acidity and Activity. J. Catal. 1993, 139, 641-651.
38. Vasudevan, S.; Thomas, J.M.; Wright, C.J.; Sampson, C. Inelastic Neutron Scattering Studies of Hydrogen Uptake by a Model Hydrodesulfurization Catalyst at High Pressures. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1982, 418-419.
39. 2 Catalysts. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1980, 176, 1585-1593.
40. 2. Polyhedron 1986, 5, 95-102.
41. 2; Isotherm and Neutron Scattering Studies. Appl. Catal. 1981, 1, 49-58.
42. 2. Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg. 1981, 90, 1215-1224.
43. 2 Observed by Inelastic Neutron Scattering. Surf. Sci. 1988, 207, 159-176.
44. Lacroix, M.; Dumonteil, C.; Breysse, M. Reducibility and Surface Properties of Transition Metal Sulfides. Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Petr. Chem. Prepr. 1998, 35-38.
45. 2 (0001). Surf. Sci. 1998, 396, 284-294.
46. Mitchel, P.C.H.; Green, D.A.; Payen, E.; Evans, A.C. Hydrogen in Molybdenum and Cobalt Sulfide Catalysts. A Neutron Compton Scattering Study on the ISIS Electronvolt Spectrometer. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1995, 91, 4467-4469.
47. 2 Powders. Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg. 1984, 93, 673-679.
48. Renouprez, A.J.; Fouilloux, P.; Coudurier, G.; Tocchetti, D.; Stockmeyer, R.J. Different Species of Hydrogen Adsorbed by Raney Nickel Studied by Neutron Inelastic Spectroscopy. J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1997, 73, 1-10.
49. Palczewska, W. Catalytic Reactivity of Hydrogen on Pd and Ni Hydride Phases. Adv. Catal. 1975, 24, 245-295.
50. 3. Appl. Catal. 1996, 144, 177-194.
51. Rodriguez, J.A.; Li, S.Y.; Hrbek, J.; Huang, H.H.; Xu, G.-Q. Chemical Properties of Zn/S/Mo(110) and Co/S/Mo(10) Surfaces: Reaction with Hydrogen and Formation of Hydrogen Sulfide. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 14476-14484.
52. Rodriguez, J.A.; Li, S.Y.; Hrbek, J.; Huang, H.H.; Xu, G.-Q. Interaction of Ni and Fe with Sulfur and Molybdenum Sulfide Surfaces: A TPD, XPS and Hydrogen Chemisorption Study. Surf. Sci. 1997, 370, 85-95.
53. Prins, R.; Jian, M.; Fuchsenhar, M. Mechanism and Kinetics of HDN. Polyhedron 1997, 16, 3235-3246.
54. 3 Catalysts. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1998, 37, 834-840.
55. Zhang, L.; Ozkan, U.S. HDN of Indole over NiMo Sulfide Catalysts. Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 1996, 101, 1223-1232.
56. 2. Proc. Soc. (Lond.) 1949, A 197, 184-188.
57. 2 Catalysts: Effect of Pretreatment on Sintering, Stoichiometry and Oxygen Chemisoprtion. J. Catal. 1985, 95, 455-464.
58. Dianis, W.P. Characterization of Metal Sulfide Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts by Temperature-Programmed Desorption. Appl. Catal. 1987, 30, 99-121.
59. 2. J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 9966-9974.
60. 2 and Sulfided or Reduced Molybdena-Alumina Catalyst. J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 8131-8137.
61. Donath, E.E. Coal Hydrogenation Vapor Phase Catalysts. Adv. Catal. 1956, 8, 239-292.
62. 2. Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg. 1981, 1, 1-11.
63. 2 Studied by Temperature-Programmed Desorption and Temperature-Programmed Reduction. J. Catal. 1992, 137, 385-393.
64. 2 and Sulfided Alumina-Supported Mo Catalysts. J. Catal. 1989, 120, 22-28.
65. Maternova, J. Sulfhydril Groups on the Surface of Mo HDS Catalysts. Appl. Catal. 1982, 3, 3-11.
66. Maternova, J. Correlation of Catalytic Activity with the Amount of Sulfhydril Groups in Mo HDS Catalys. Appl. Catal. 1983, 6, 61-66.
67. y. J. Catal. 1989, 120, 108-117.
68. 2. J. Catal. 1982, 78, 469-472.
69. 2. Polyhedron 1986, 5, 145-150.
70. Thomas, C.; Vivier, L.; Travert, A.; Mauge, F.; Kasztelan, S.; Perot, G. Deuterium Tracer Studies on Hydrotreating Catalysts. 2-Contribution of the Hydrogen of the Alumina Support to H-D Exchange. J. Catal. 1998, 179, 495-502.
71. 2. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 1983, 33A, 120-15.
72. 3 HDS Catalysts. J. Catal. 1990, 121, 31-46.
73. Labruyère, F.; Lacroix, M.; Schweich, D.; Breysse, M. High-Pressure Temperature-Programmed Reduction of Sulfided Catalysts. J. Catal. 1997, 167, 464-469.
74. Labruyère, F.; Dufresne, P.; Lacroix, M.; Breysse, M. Ex Situ Sulfidation of Alkylpolysulfides: A Route for the Preparation of Highly Dispersed Supported Sulfides. Catal. Today 1998, 43, 111-116.
75. 3 and the Subsequent Detection of Hydrogen on the Surface. J. Catal. 1994, 148, 149-156.
76. 3 Catalysts. J. Catal. 1990, 124, 12-21.
77. 3. J. Catal. 1990, 126, 101-108.
78. 2 Ex Ammonium Tetrathiomolybdate. J. Catal. 1986, 99, 235-238.
79. 3 mechanical mixture. J. Catal. 1994, 147, 476-483.
80. 2 Catalysts of Unusual Morphology. J. Catal. 1996, 158, 205-216.
81. Rodriguez, N.M.; Baker, R.T.K. Interaction of Hydrogen with Metal Sulfide Catalysts. Direct Observation of Spillover. J. Catal. 1993, 140, 287-301.
82. Hensen, E.J.M.; Lardinois, G.M.H.J.; de Beer, V.H.J.; van Veen, J.A.R.; van Santen, R.A. Hydrogen-Deuterium Equilibration over Transition Metal Sulfide Catalysts: On the Synergetic Effect in CoMo Catalysts. J. Catal. 1999, 187, 95-108.
83. Delmon, B. New Hypothesis Explaining Synergy Between Two Phases in Heterogeneous Catalysis: The Case of HDS Catalysts. Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg. 1979, 88, 979-987.
84. 2 Based Catalysts: Role of Promoter. J. Catal. 1999, 185, 219-222.
85. 3 Catalysts: The Nature and the Aging Behavior of Active Sites in HDN Reactions. J. Catal. 1998, 178, 457-465.
86. 2 Isotopic Exchange. Catal. Lett. 1995, 34, 375-378.
87. 2 isotopic exchange. Catal. Lett. 1999, 58, 33-35.
88. Coulier, L.; de Beer, V.H.J.; van Veen, J.A.R.; Niemantsverdriet, J.W. Correlation Between HDS Activity and Order of Ni and Mo Sulfidation in Planar Silica-Supported NiMo Catalysts: The Influence of Chelating Agents. J. Catal. 2001, 197, 26-33.
89. 3 Catalysts and of Their Components in Thiophene HDS Reactions. J. Catal. 1984, 86, 55-66.
90. Jian, M.; Prins, R. Determination of the Nature of Distinct Catalytic Sites in HDN by Competitive Adsorption. Catal. Lett. 1998, 50, 9-13.
91. 3 Catalysts. Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg. 1995, 104, 888-895.
92. Magnus, P.J.; van Veen, J.A.R.; Eijsbouts, S.; de Beer, V.H.J.; Moulijn, J.A. Effect of Phosphorus on Hydrogen Adsorption. Appl. Catal. 1990, 61, 99-108.
93. Vazquez, P.; Pizzio, L.; Blanco, M.; Caceres, C.; Thomas, H.; Arriagada, R.; Bendezu, S.; Cid, R.; Garcia, R. NiMo(W)-Based Hydrotreatment Catalysts Supported on Peach Stone Activated Carbon. Appl. Catal. 1999, 184, 303-313.
94. 3 Catalysts: Catalytic Properties. J. Catal. 1969, 15, 303-313.
95. 3 Catalysts on the Activity for HDN of Quinoline. J. Catal. 1983, 81, 168-178.
96. 2 on the HDN of Pyridine. Energy Fuels 1987, 1, 424-430.
97. 3 Catalysts; Chemical Evidence for the Existence of Two Types of Catalytic Sites. Catal. Today 1988, 4, 117-131.
98. 3 Catalyst. Effect of the Partial Pressure of Nitrogen Compounds. Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg. 1991, 100, 801-805.
99. 2S. Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg. 1991, 100, 806-814.
100. 2 catalysts. J. Catal. 2000, 195, 31-37.
101. 3 Catalysts by NO Chemisorption. J. Catal. 1983, 84, 386-401.
102. Topsøe, H.; Clausen, B.S.; Topsøe, N.-Y.; Zeuthen, P. Progress in the Design of Hydrotreating Catalysts Based on Fundamental Molecular Insight. Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 1990, 53, 77-110.
103. 2 Catalyst. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1982, 1371-1372.
104. 3 Catalysts. Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 1999, 127, 51-65.
105. 3 Catalyst. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1994, 33, 203-210.
106. 2S Partial Pressure Effects. Appl. Catal. 1998, 170, 195-206.
107. Kasztelan, S. On the Existence of Heterolytic Reaction Mechanisms in Hydrotreating Catalysis. Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Petr. Chem. Prepr. 1993, 36, 642-645.
108. 3 Catalyst. Kinetics of Hydrogenolysis of Thiophene. Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1986, 25, 431-436.
109. 3. J. Catal. 1997, 167, 1-11.
110. Wang, A.; Wang, Y.; Kabe, T.; Chen, Y.; Ishihara, A.; Qian, W. HDS of Dibenzothiophene over Siliceous MCM-41-Supported Catalysts. J. Catal. 2001, 19-29.
111. 3 Sulfide Catalyst: Reactivity and FTIR Study. J. Catal. 2001, 202, 78-88.
112. Li, W.; Yu, S.Y.; Iglesia, E. Isotopic Tracer Studies of Thiophene Desulfurization Reactions Using Hydrogen from Alkanes on H-ZSM5 and Co/H-ZSM5. J. Catal. 2001, 203, 175-183.
113. 2-Based HDS Catalysts. J. Catal. 1999, 187, 109-122.
114. Dean, J.A. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 15th Ed.; McGraw-Hill Inc.: New York, 1999.
115. Diez, R.P.; Jubert, A.H. A Molecular Orbital Picture of Thiophene HDS. 1. Catalyst Activation Process. J. Mol. Catal. 1992, 73, 65-76.
116. 2: An Ab Initio Investigation. J. Mol. Catal. 2001, 169, 259-268.
117. Startsev, A.N. Concerted Mechanism in Heterogenous Catalysis by Sulfides. J. Mol. Catal. 2000, 152, 1-13.
118. Startsev, A.N. Molecular Aspects of Catalysis by Sulfides. Kin. Catal. 1999, 40, 811-818.
119. 2 Modeled Catalytic Site: Electron Density Analysis for S-H Formation. J. Mol. Catal. 1996, 109, 227-238.
120. 2 (100) Surface: A Chemical Potential Analysis of Sulfur and Hydrogen Coverage. J. Phys. Chem. 2000, 104, 11220-11229.
121. 2 (10_0) Edge Surface. Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 1999, 127, 309-317.
122. 2 Modeled Surface. A Molecular Orbital Study. J. Mol. Catal. A 1995, 102, 163-174.
123. Ruette, F.; Poveda, P.M.; Sierraalta, A.; Sanchez, M.; Rodriguez-Arias, E.N. Model Parametric Hamiltonians and Bonding Theoretical Tools in Simulation of Catalytic Reaction Steps. Hydrotreatment of Oil Components. J. Mol. Catal. A 1997, 119, 335-348.
124. 2 Pressure. J. Catal. 1982, 76, 285-293.
125. Zakharov, I.I.; Startsev, A.N.; Zhidomirov, G.M.; Parmon, V.N. Oxidative Addition of Dihydrogen as the Key Step of the Active Center Formation in the HDS Sulfide Bimetallic Catalysts: Ab Initio Mo/MP2 Study. J. Mol. Catal. 1997, 137, 101-111.
126. 2 HDS Catalysts. J. Mol. Catal. 1997, 119, 437-447.
127. 2 Catalysts. J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 9025-9028.
128. 2 Surfaces: A Molecular Orbital Study. J. Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101, 7524-7534.
129. Pecoraro, T.A.; Chianelli, R.R. Hydrodesulfurization Catalysis by Transition Metal Sulfides. J. Catal. 1981, 67, 430-445.
130. Chianelli, R.R.; Berhault, G.; Raybaud, P.; Kasztelan, S.; Hafner, J.; Toalhout, H. Periodic Trends in HDS: In Support of Sabatier Principle. Appl. Catal. 2002, 227, 83-96.
131. Chianelli, R.R.; Daage, M.; Ledoux, M.J. Fundamental Studies of Transition Metal Materials. Adv. Catal. 1994, 40, 177-235.
132. Eijsbouts, E.; de Beer, V.H.J.; Prins, R. Periodic Trends in HDN Activity of Carbon-Supported Transition Metal Sulfide Catalysts. J. Catal. 1988, 109, 217-220.
133. Eijsbouts, S.; Sundhakar, C.; de Beer, V.H.J.; Prins, R. HDN of Decahydroquinoline and O-Propylaniline over Carbon-Supported Transition Metal Sulfide Catalysts. J. Catal. 1991, 127, 605-618.
134. Sudhakar, C.; Eijsbouts, S.; de Beer, V.H.J.; Prins, R. HDN of Decahydroquinoline over Carbon-Supported Transition Metal Sulfide Catalysts. Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg. 1987, 96, 885-890.
135. Lacroix, M.; Boutarfa, N.; Guillard, C.; Vrinat, M.; Breysse, M. Hydrogenation Properties of Unsupported Transition Metal Sulfides. J. Catal. 1989, 120, 473-477.
136. Shabtai, J.; Nag, N.K.; Massoth, F.E. Catalytic Functionalities of Supported Sulfides. C-O Hydrogenolysis Selectivity as a Function of Promoter Type. J. Catal. 1987, 104, 413-423.
137. Vit, Z.; Zdrazil, M. Simultaneous HDN of Pyridine and HDS of Thiophene over Carbon-Supported Pt Sulfide. J. Catal. 1989, 119, 1-7.
138. Ledoux, M.J.; Djellouli, B. HDN Activity and Selectivity of Well-Dispersed Transition Metal Sulfides of the 2nd Row on Activated Carbon. J. Catal. 1989, 119, 580-590.
139. Shabtai, J.; Guohe, Q.; Belusami, K.; Nag, N.K.; Massoth, F.E. Catalytic Functionalities of Supported Sulfides. V. C-N Bond Hydrogenolysis Selectivity as a Function of Promoter Type. J. Catal. 1988, 113, 206-219.
140. 3 Catalysts. J. Catal. 1989, 119, 252-255.
141. Moraweck, B.; Bergeret, G.; Cattenot, M.; Kougionas, V.; Geantet, C.; Portefaix, J.-L.; Zotin, J.L.; Breysse, M. The Nature of Ruthenium Sulfide Clusters Encaged in a Y-Zeolite. J. Catal. 1997, 165, 45-56.
142. 2. J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 5184-5188.
143. Dumonteil, C.; Lacroix, M.; Geantet, C.; Jobic, H.; Breysse, M. Hydrogen Activation and Reactivity of Ruthenium Sulfide Catalysts: Influence of Dispersion. J. Catal. 1999, 187, 464-473.
144. Jobic, H.; Clugnet, G.; Lacroix, M.; Yuan, S.; Mirodatos, C.; Breysse, M. Identification of New Hydrogen Species Adsorbed on Ruthenium Sulfide by Neutron Spectroscopy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 3654-3657.
145. 1H NMR Studies. J. Catal. 1992, 138, 409-412.
146. Jobic, H.; Lacroix, M.; Decamp, Y.; Breysse, M. Characterization of Ammonia Adsorption on Ruthenium Sulfide: Identification of Amino Species by Inelastic Neutron Scattering. J. Catal. 1995, 157, 414-422.
147. Lacroix, M.; Mirodatos, C.; Breysse, M.; Decamp, T.; Yuan, S. Sites Characterization on Model Ruthenium Sulfide. Proc. 10th Int. Congr. Catal., Budapest, July 19-24, 1992; 597-606.
148. 3 Catalyst; Effect of Ru Particle Size on Activity and Selectivity. J. Jpn. Petr. Inst. 1999, 42, 12-21.
149. 3 Catalysts for HDS of Thiophene. J. Jpn. Petr. Inst. 1997, 40, 272-281.
150. Yuan, S.; Decamp, T.; Lacroix, M.; Mirodatos, C.; Breysse, M. About the Nature of Hydrogen Activation on Unsupported Ruthenium Sulfide. J. Catal. 1991, 132, 253-256.
151. 2 by Infrared Spectroscopy and Methylmercaptan Condensation Reaction. J. Catal. 1997, 170, 37-45.
152. 2. J. Catal. 1997, 170, 402-410.
153. Kougionas, V.; Cattenot, M.; Zotin, J.L.; Portefaix, J.-L.; Breysse, M. Enhancement of the Catalytic Properties of NiMo and CoMo Alumina-Supported Sulfide Catalysts by Addition of Ruthenium Sulfide Dispersed in Y-Zeolites. Appl. Catal. 1995, 124, 153-164.
154. Kuo, Y.-J.; Tatarchuk, B.J. Hydrogenation and HDS over Sulfided Ru Catalysts. J. Catal. 1988, 222, 229-249.
155. Lu, K.; Tatarchuk, B.J. Activated Adsorption of Hydrogen on Supported Ruthenium. J. Catal. 1987, 106, 176-187.
156. 2 (111): II. Hydrogenated Surfaces. Surf. Sci. 2000, 457, 285-293.
157. Breysse, M.; Cattenot, M.; Kougionas, V.; Lavalley, J.C.; Mauge, F.; Portefaix, J.L.; Zotin, J.L. Hydrogenation Properties of Ruthenium Sulfide Clusters in Acidic Zeolites. J. Catal. 1997, 168, 143-153.
158. Ueda, R.; Kusakari, T.; Tomishige, K.; Fujimoto, F. Nature of Spilt-over Hydrogen on Acid Sites in Zeolites: Observation of the Behavior of Adsorbed Pyridine on Zeolite Catalysts by Means of FTIR. J. Catal. 2000, 194, 14-22.
159. Matsuda, T.; Seki, H.; Kikuchi, E. The Effect of Spilt over Hydrogen on the Stabilization of Catalytic Activities of Y-Type Zeolite and Pillared Montmorillonite for the Disproportionation of 1,2,4-Trimethyl Benzene. J. Catal. 1995, 154, 41-46.
160. Teichner, S.J. Hydrogen Adsorption by Zeolites. Appl. Catal. 1990, 62, 1-10.
161. 2. J. Catal. 1986, 101, 253-261.
162. 3 and Ruthenium Sulfide Dispersed in a KY-Zeolite. Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg. 1995, 104, 213-218
163. 3SH Condensation. J. Catal. 1998, 178, 555-565.
164. Vrinat, M.; Guillard, C.; Lacroix, M.; Breysse, M. Niobium Sulfur System: Influence of Sulfur Groups on the Catalytic Properties in Hydrogenation Reactions. Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg. 1987, 96, 1017-1025.
165. Danot, M.; Afonso, J.; Portefaix, J.-L.; Breysse, M.; Des Couriers, T. Catalytic Properties of Niobium Sulfides in the Conversion of Nitrogen Containing Molecules. Catal. Today 1991, 10, 629-643.
166. Cattenot, M.; Portefaix, J.-L.; Afonso, J.; Breysse, M.; Lacroix, M.; Perot, G. Mechanism of Carbon-Nitrogen Bond Scission on Unsupported Transition Metal Sulfides. J. Catal. 1998, 173, 366-373.
167. 2 (111). Bare Surfaces. Surf. Sci. 1999, 439, 163-172.
168. 2: An Ab Initio Theoretical Study. Surf. Sci. 1997, 389, 131-146.
169. Jacobsen, C.J.H.; Tornquist, E.; Topsøe, H. HDN, HDS and HYD Activities and Temperature-Programmed Reduction of Unsupported Transition Metal Sulfides. Catal. Lett. 1999, 63, 179-183.
170. Tolbert, M.A.; Beauchamp, J.L. Bond Dissociation Energies of Metal Hydrides. J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 5021-5022.
171. 2 HDS Active Sites: Insight from Ab Initio Theory. J. Mol. Catal. A 2001, 174, 239-244.
172. Furimsky, E.; Amberg, C.H. Catalytic Hydrodesulfurization of Thiophenes. VIII. Benzothiophene and 2,3-Dihydrobenzothiophene. Can. J. Chem. 1976, 54, 1507-1511.