Culture versus commerce: Societies and spaces for elites in eighteenth-century Liverpool

Journal of Historical Geography

Volumn 28, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 471-485

  Stobart, Jon ^a  

^a Faculty of Engineering and Computing   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CULTURAL INFLUENCE; EIGHTEENTH CENTURY; ELITE POLITICS; URBAN HISTORY;

ENGLAND (MERSEYSIDE); LIVERPOOL; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 0036819480     PISSN: 03057488     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jhge.2002.0443     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. P. Langford, A Polite and Commercial People: England 1727-1783 (Oxford 1989) 59-122.
2. P. Borsay, The English Urban Renaissance: Culture and Society in the Provincial Town, 1660-1770 (Oxford 1989), passim.
3. R. Sweet, The English Town 1680-1840: Government, Society and Change (Harlow 1999), 163-256.
4. P. Clark and R. A. Houston, Culture and leisure 1700-1840, in P Clark (Ed.), The Cambridge Urban History of Britain (Volume II) 1540-1840 (Cambridge 2000) 575-613.
5. R. Porter, The Enlightenment (Basingstoke 1990) 1-11.
6. P. Borsay, G. Hirschfelder and R. Mohrmann (Eds), New Directions in Urban History, Aspects of European Art, Health, Tourism and Leisure since the Enlightenment (Munster 2000) 3-17.
7. W. Hutton, An History of Birmingham to The End of the Year 1780 (Birmingham 1781) 259.
8. P. Clark, British Clubs and Societies, 1580-1800 (Oxford 2000).
9. P. Burke, Popular Culture in Early Modern Europe (London 1979) 23-29, 207-243, 270-281.
10. K. Wrightson, English Society 1580-1680 (London 1982) 183-221.
11. Barry J. Popular culture in seventeenth-century Bristol, B. Reay (Ed.). Popular Culture in Seventeenth-Century England (London 1985) 59-90.
12. P. Bourdieu, Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste (London 1986).
13. G. Kearns and C. Philo (Eds), Selling Places: The City as Cultural Capital, Past and Present (London 1993).
14. J. Austen, Northanger Abbey (Oxford 1980 [1818]) 22-27, 31-32.
15. H. Cunningham, Leisure and Culture, in F. M. L. Thompson (Ed.), The Cambridge Social History of Britain, 1750-1950 (Volume 2) (Cambridge 1990) 294-295 Langford, A Polite and Commercial People 463-467.
16. P. Borsay, Health and leisure resorts 1700-1840, in Clark (Ed.), Urban History of Britain, 800-801.
17. P. Borsay, The emergence of a leisure town: or an urban renaissance?, Past and Present 126 (1990) 192.
18. A. McInnes, The emergence of a leisure town: Shrewsbury 1660-1760, Past and Present 120 (1988) 53-87.
19. A. McInnes, 'Reply', Past and Present 126 (1990) 199.
20. P. Corfield, The industrial towns before the factory, 1680-1780, in J. Stevenson et al. (eds.), The Rise of the New Urban Society (Milto Kenyes 1977) 90.
21. R. Sweet, The Writing of Urban Histories in Eighteenth-Century England (Oxford 1997), passim.
22. S. Checkland, Economic attitudes in Liverpool, 1793-1807, Economic History Review 5 (1952-3) 63.
23. C. W. Chalklin, Capital expenditure on building for cultural purposes in provincial England, 1730-1830, Business History 20 (1980) 53.
24. J. Stobart, In search of a leisure hierarchy: English spa towns in the urban system, in Borsay, Hirschfelder and Mohrmann, European Urban Cultural Life, 18-40.
25. R. Porter, Science, provincial culture and public opinion in Enlightenment England, in P. Borsay (Ed.), The Eighteenth-Century Town, 1688-1820 (London 1990) 243-267; Clark, Clubs and Societies, 110-111.
26. J. Picton (Ed.), City of Liverpool: Municipal Archives and Records (Liverpool 1886) 64-65.
27. J. Wallace, A General and Descriptive History of Liverpool (Liverpool 1795) 274.
28. D. Defoe, A Tour through the Whole Island of Great Britain (London 1971 [1724-6]) 543.
29. T. Troughton, The History of Liverpool (Liverpool 1810), 287-289.
30. J. Picton, Memorials of Liverpool: Historical and Topographical (Volume 2) (London 1875), 206.
31. G. Chandler, Liverpool (London 1957), 441-447.
32. W. Enfield, An Essay towards the History of Leverpool (London 1773) 62.
33. J. Aikin, A Description of the Country from thirty to forty miles round Manchester (London 1795) 343.
34. A. Wilson, The cultural identity of Liverpool, 1790-1850.
35. R. Muir, A History of Liverpool (Liverpool 1907) 284-294.
36. C. Morris (Ed.), The Journeys of Celia Fiennes (London 1947) 161.
37. R. Broadbent, Annals of the Liverpool Stage (Liverpool 1908) 60.
38. W. Moss, The Liverpool Guide (Liverpool 1796).
39. R. J. Morris, Clubs, societies and associations, in Thompson (Ed.) Social History of Britain (Volume 3), 395-443.
40. P.Marcy, Eighteenth-century views of Bristol and Bristolians, in P. McGrath (Ed.) Bristol in the Eighteenth Century (Newton Abbot 1972) 29-30.
41. E. Morris, The formation of the Gallery of Art in the Liverpool Royal Institution, 1816-1819, Transactions, Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire 142 (1992) 95.
42. F. Hyde, Liverpool and the Mersey (Newton Abbot 1971) 236, 240.
43. F. Sanderson, The structure of politics in Liverpool, 1780-1807, Transactions, Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire 127 (1977) 67.
44. J. Ellis, Regional and county centres c. 1700-1840, in Clark (Ed.), Urban History of Britain, 697-702.
45. G. T. Shaw, History of the Athenaeum, Liverpool, 1798-1898 (Liverpool 1898) 5-6.
46. Pigot and Co. New Commercial Directory (London 1823) 108.
47. J. Stobart, Shopping streets as social space: leisure, consumerism and improvement in an eighteenth-century county town, Urban History 25 (1998) 6-10.
48. A. Kennett, Georgian Chester (Chester 1987) 39.
49. F. Sanderson, The Liverpool abolitionists, in R. Anstey and P. Hair (Eds), Liverpool, the African Slave Trade and Abolition (Widnes 1976) 196-238.
50. M. Power, Councillors and commerce in Liverpool, 1650-1750, Urban History 24 (1997) 309-321.
51. M. Power, Politics and progress in Liverpool, 1660-1740, Northern History 35 (2000) 119-138.
52. J. Langton, Geographical Change and Industrial Revolution (Cambridge 1979) 161-176.
53. H. Ormerod, H. The Liverpool Royal Institution: A Record and Retrospect (Liverpool 1953) 9-41.
54. J. Seed, Gentleman dissenters: the social and political meanings of rational dissent in the 1770s and 1780s, The Historical Journal 28 (1985) 307-309, 317-319.
55. J. Aspinall, Liverpool a Few Years Since: By an Old Stager (London and Liverpool 1852) 60.
56. S. Drescher, The slaving capital of the world: Liverpool and national opinion in the age of abolition, Slavery and Abolition IX (1988) and Wilson, Cultural identity of Liverpool.
57. D. Lamb, Volume and tonnage of the Liverpool slave trade 1772-1807, in Anstey and Hair (Eds), Liverpool, the African slave Trade and Abolition 91-112.
58. J. Hudson, The History of Adult Education (London 1851) 96.
59. R. J. Morris, The middle class and British towns and cities of the industrial revolution, 1780-1870', in D. Fraser and A. Sutcliffe (Eds) The Pursuit of Urban History (London 1983) 286-306.
60. J. Seed and J. Wolff, Class and culture in nineteenth-century Manchester, Theory, Culture and Society 2 (1984) 38-53.