Physiographical and historical effects on forest vegetation in central New England, USA

Journal of Biogeography

Volumn 29, Issue 10-11, 2002, Pages 1421-1437

  Gerhardt, Fritz ^a,b   Foster, David R ^a  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

Eastern deciduous forest; Human disturbance; Land use history; Landform; Natural disturbance; New England; Physiography; Vegetation

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; HISTORICAL ECOLOGY; LAND USE; LANDFORM; STAND STRUCTURE;

UNITED STATES;

TRACHEOPHYTA;

EID: 0036816040     PISSN: 03050270     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2002.00763.x     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Abrams, M.D. (1998) The red maple paradox: What explains the widespread expansion of red maple in eastern forests? Bioscience, 48, 355-364.
2. Bazzaz, F.A. (1987) Experimental studies on the evolution of niche in successional plant communities. Colonization, Succession and Stability (eds A.J. Gray, M.J. Crawley and P.J. Edwards), pp. 245-271. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
3. Beatty, S.W. (1984) Influence of microtopography and canopy species on spatial patterns of forest understory plants. Ecology, 65, 1406-1419.
4. Bellemare, J., Motzkin, G. & Foster, D.R. (2002) Legacies of the agricultural past in the forested present: An assessment of historical land-use effects on rich mesic forests. Journal of Biogeography, 29, 1401-1420.
5. ter Braak, C.J.F. (1986) Canonical correspondence analysis: A new eigenvector technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis. Ecology, 67, 1167-1179.
6. ter Braak, C.J.F. (1990) CANOCO - A FORTRAN Program for Canonical Community Ordination by Partial Detrended Canonical Correspondence Analysis, Principle Components Analysis and Redundancy Analysis. TNO Institute of Applied Computer Science, Wageningen.
7. Buol, S.W., Hole, F.D. & McCracken, R.J. (1980) Soil Genesis and Classification. The Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA.
8. Bürgi, M., Russell, E.W.B. & Motzkin, G. (2000) Effects of postsettlement human activities on forest composition in the north-eastern United States: A comparative approach. Journal of Biogeography, 27, 1123-1138.
9. Carlton, G.C. & Bazzaz, F.A. (1998) Resource congruence and forest regeneration following an experimental hurricane blowdown. Ecology, 79, 1305-1319.
10. Christensen, N.L. & Peet, R.K. (1984) Convergence during secondary forest succession. Journal of Ecology, 72, 25-36.
11. Compton, J.E. & Boone, R.D. (2000) Long-term impacts of agriculture on soil carbon and nitrogen in New England forests. Ecology, 81, 2314-2330.
12. Compton, J.E., Boone, R.D., Motzkin, G. & Foster, D.R. (1998) Soil carbon and nitrogen in a pine-oak sand plain in central Massachusetts: Role of vegetation and land-use history. Oecologia, 116, 536-542.
13. Cooper-Ellis, S., Foster, D.R., Carlton, G. & Lezberg, A. (1999) Forest response to catastrophic wind: Results from an experimental hurricane. Ecology, 80, 2683-2696.
14. Daniels, W.L., Amos, D.F. & Baker, J.C. (1983) The influence of forest and pasture on the genesis of a humid temperate-region Ultisol. Journal of the Soil Science Society of America, 47, 560-566.
15. Day, P.R. (1965) Particle fractionation and particle-size analysis. Methods in Soil Analysis (ed. C.A. Black), pp. 545-567. American Society of Agronomy, Madison.
16. Donohue, K., Foster, D.R. & Motzkin, G. (2000) Effects of the past and the present on species distribution: Land-use history and demography of wintergreen. Journal of Ecology, 88, 303-316.
17. Drake, J.A. (1990) The mechanics of community assembly and succession. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 147, 213-233.
18. Drake, J.A. (1991) Community-assembly mechanics and the structure of an experimental species ensemble. American Naturalist, 137, 1-26.
19. Drake, J.A., Flum, T.E., Witteman, G.J., Voskuil, T., Hoylman, A.M., Creson, C., Kenny, D.A., Huxel, G.R., Larue, C.S. & Duncan, J.R. (1993) The construction and assembly of an ecological landscape. Journal of Animal Ecology, 62, 117130.
20. Dzwonko, Z. & Loster, S. (1992) Species richness and seed dispersal to secondary woods in southern Poland. Journal of Biogeography, 19, 195-204.
21. Egler, F.E. (1954) Vegetation science concepts I. Initial floristic composition, a factor in old-field vegetation development. Vegetatio, 4, 412-417.
22. Eschman, D.F. (1966) Surficial Geology of Athol Quadrangle Worcester and Franklin Counties, Massachusetts. USGS Bulletin 1163-C, USGS, Washington.
23. Foster, D.R. (1985) Vegetation development following fire in Picea mariana (black spruce)-Pleurozium forests of southeastern Labrador, Canada. Journal of Ecology, 73, 517-534.
24. Foster, D.R. (1988) Species and stand response to catastrophic wind in central New England, USA. Journal of Ecology, 76, 135-151.
25. Foster, D.R. (1992) Land-use history (1730-1990) and vegetation dynamics in central New England, USA. Journal of Ecology, 80, 753-772.
26. Foster, D.R. & Boose, E.R. (1992) Patterns of forest damage resulting from catastrophic wind in central New England, USA. Journal of Ecology, 80, 79-98.
27. Foster, D.R., Motzkin, G. & Slater, B. (1998) Land-use history as long-term broad-scale disturbance: Regional forest dynamics in central New England. Ecosystems, 1, 96-119.
28. Foster, D.R. & O'Keefe, J. (2000) New England Forests Through Time: Insights from the Harvard Forest Dioramas. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
29. Foster, D.R. & Zebryk, T. (1993) Long-term vegetation dynamics and disturbance history of a Tsuga-dominated forest in central New England. Ecology, 74, 982-998.
30. Foster, D.R., Zebryk, T., Schoonmaker, P. & Lezberg, A. (1992) Post-settlement history of human land-use and vegetation dynamics of a Tsuga canadensis (hemlock) woodlot in central New England. Journal of Ecology, 80, 773-786.
31. Frank, E.C. & Lee, R. (1966) Potential solar beam irradiation on slopes. US Forest Service Research Paper RM-18. USFS, Ft. Collins, CO.
32. Fuller, J.L., Foster, D.R., McLachlan, J.S. & Drake, N. (1998) Impact of human activity on regional forest composition and dynamics in central New England. Ecosystems, 1, 76-95.
33. Gerhardt, F. (1993) Physiographical and Historical Influences on Forest Composition in Central New England. MFS Thesis, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
34. Gleason, H.A. & Cronquist, A. (1991) Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. The New York Botanical Garden, New York.
35. Grime, J.P. (1973) Competitive exclusion in herbaceous vegetation. Nature, 242, 344-347.
36. Grime, J.P. (1979) Plant Strategies and Vegetation Processes. John Wiley & Sons, London, UK.
37. Hamburg, S.P. (1984) Effects of forest growth on soil nitrogen and organic matter pools following release from subsistence agriculture. Forest Soils and Treatment Impacts. Proceedings of the Sixth North American Forest Soils Conference, June 1983 (ed. E.L. Stone), pp. 145-158. University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN.
38. Hermy, M. & Stieperaere, H. (1981) An indirect gradient analysis of the ecological relationships between ancient and recent riverine woodlands to the south of Bruges (Flanders, Belgium). Vegetatio, 44, 43-49.
39. Hill, M.O. (1979) DECORANA. Cornell Ecology Program. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
40. Hughes, J.W. (1992) Effect of removal of co-occurring species on distribution and abundance of Erythronium americanum (Liliaceae), a spring ephemeral. American Journal of Botany, 79, 1329-1336.
41. Hughes, J.W. & Fahey, T.J. (1991) Colonization dynamics of herbs and shrubs in a disturbed northern hardwood forest. Journal of Ecology, 79, 605-616.
42. Kalisz, P.J. (1986) Soil properties of steep Appalachian old fields. Ecology, 67, 1011-1023.
43. Lee, S. & Lee, D. (1830) Plan of Petersham, Worcester County, Massachusetts. Massachusetts Archives, Boston, MA.
44. Lyford, W.H., Goodlett, J.C. & Coates, W.H. (1963) Landforms, soils with fragipans, and forest on a slope in the Harvard Forest. Harvard Forest Bulletin no. 30, Harvard University, Petersham.
45. Mabry, C., Ackerly, D. & Gerhardt, F. (2000) Landscape and species-level distribution of morphological and life history traits in a temperate woodland flora. Journal of Vegetation Science, 11, 213-224.
46. Mabry, C.M. & Korsgren, T. (1998) A permanent plot study of vegetation and vegetation-site factors fifty-three years following disturbance in central New England, USA. Ecoscience, 5, 232-240.
47. MacConnell, W.P. (1975) Remote sensing 20 years of change in Massachusetts, 1951/52-1971/72. Massachusetts Agricultural Experimental Station Bulletin no. 630, Massachusetts Agricultural Experimental Station, Boston, MA.
48. Massachusetts State Planning Board (1938) Land Utilization Town of Petersham. WPA Project no. 17788. Massachusetts State Planning Board, Boston, MA.
49. Matlack, G.M. (1994) Plant species migration in a mixed-history forest landscape in eastern North America. Ecology, 75, 1491-1502.
50. McLachlan, J.S., Foster, D.R. & Menalled, F. (2000) Anthropogenic ties to late-successional structure and composition in four New England hemlock stands. Ecology, 81, 717-733.
51. Motzkin, G., Foster, D.R., Allen, A., Harrod, J. & Boone, R. (1996) Controlling site to evaluate history: Vegetation patterns of a New England sand plain. Ecological Monographs, 66, 345-365.
52. Motzkin, G., Wilson, P., Foster, D. & Allen, A. (1999) Vegetation patterns in heterogeneous landscapes: The importance of history and environment. Journal of Vegetation Science, 10, 903-920.
53. Muller, R.N. (1982) Vegetation patterns in the mixed mesophytic forest of eastern Kentucky. Ecology, 63, 1901-1917.
54. Patterson, W.A. & Backman, A.E. (1988) Fire and disease history of forests. Vegetation History (eds B. Huntley and T. Webb, III), pp. 603-622. Kluwer, Den Haag.
55. Peterken, G.F. (1977) Habitat conservation priorities in British and European woodlands. Biological Conservation, 11, 223236.
56. Peterken, G.F. (1993) Woodland Conservation and Management. Chapman & Hall, London.
57. Peterken, G.F. & Game, M. (1981) Historical factors affecting the distribution of Mercurialis perennis in central Lincolnshire. Journal of Ecology, 69, 781-796.
58. Peterken, G.F. & Game, M. (1984) Historical factors affecting the number and distribution of vascular plant species in the woodlands of central Lincolnshire. Journal of Ecology, 72, 155-182.
59. Rackham, O. (1986) The History of the Countryside. J.M. Dent & Sons Ltd, London.
60. Rackham, O. (1990) Trees and Woodland in the British Landscape. J.M. Dent & Sons Ltd, London.
61. Raup, H.M. & Carlson, R.E. (1941) The history of land use in the Harvard Forest. Harvard Forest Bulletin no. 20. Harvard University, Petersham.
62. Ruben, J.A., Bolger, D.T., Peart, D.R. & Ayres, M.P. (1999) Understory herb assemblages 25 and 60 years after clearcutting of a northern hardwood forest, USA. Biological Conservation, 90, 203-215.
63. Singleton, R., Gardescu, S., Marks, P.L. & Geber, M.A. (2001) Forest herb colonization of postagricultural forests in central New York State, USA. Journal of Ecology, 89, 325-338.
64. Spurr, S.H. (1956) Forest associations in the Harvard Forest. Ecological Monographs, 26, 245-262.
65. Spurr, S.H, (1957) Local climate in the Harvard Forest. Ecology, 38, 37-46.
66. Stout, B.B. (1952) Species distribution and soils in the Harvard Forest. Harvard Forest Bulletin no. 24. Harvard University, Petersham.
67. Taylor, W.H. & Hotz, C.F. (1985) Soil Survey of Worcester County, Massachusetts, Northeastern Part. USDA Soil Conservation Service, Washington.
68. Thorne, J.F. & Hamburg, S.P. (1985) Nitrification potentials of an old-field chronosequence in Campion, New Hampshire. Ecology, 66, 1333-1338.
69. Westveld, M. (1956) Natural forest vegetation zones of New England. Journal of Forestry, 54, 332-338.
70. Whitney, P. (1793) Worcester County: America's First Frontier. Isaiah Thomas, Worcester.
71. Whitney, G.G. & Foster, D.R. (1988) Overstorey composition and age as determinants of the understorey flora of woods of central New England. Journal of Ecology, 76, 867-876.
72. Woodford, E.M. (1855) Map of the Town of Petersham, Worcester County, Massachusetts. R. Clark, Philadelphia.