Comparison of surface chemical kinetic models for ablative reentry of graphite

Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 508-515

  Havstad, Mark A ^a   Ferencz, Robert M ^a  

^a LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EVAPORATION; FINITE ELEMENT METHOD; GRAPHITE; HEAT FLUX; HEAT TRANSFER; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; REACTION KINETICS; SPECIFIC HEAT; SUBLIMATION; THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY; THERMAL EFFECTS; VAPOR PRESSURE;

ABLATED MASS FLUX; AVOGADROS NUMBER; MOLE FRACTION; SURFACE CHEMICAL KINETIC MODELS;

SURFACE CHEMISTRY;

HEAT FLUX;

EID: 0036810509     PISSN: 08878722     EISSN: 15336808     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2514/2.6725     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Kuntz, D. W., Hassan, B., and Potter, D. L., "Predictions of Ablating Hypersonic Vehicles Using an Iterative Coupled Fluid/Thermal Approach," Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2001, pp. 129-139.
2. Suzuki, T., Furudate, M., and Sawada, K., "Unified Calculation of Hypersonic Flowfield for a Reentry Vehicle," AIAA Paper 2001-0980, Jan. 2001.
3. Scala, S. M., and Gilbert, L. M., "Sublimation of Graphite at Hypersonic Speeds," AIAA Journal, Vol. 5, No. 9, 1965, pp. 1635-1644.
4. Keenan, J. A., "Thermo-Chemical Ablation of Heat Shields Under Earth Re-Entry Conditions," Ph.D. Dissertation, Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC, 1994.
5. Keenan, J. A., and Candler, G. V., "Simulation of Ablation in Earth Atmospheric Entry," AIAA Paper 93-2789, July 1993.
6. Keenan, J. A., and Candler, G. V., "Simulation of Graphite Sublimation and Oxidation Under Reentry Conditions," AIAA Paper 94-2083, June 1994.
7. Park, C., "Effects of Atomic Oxygen on Graphite Ablation," AIAA Journal, Vol. 14, No. 11, 1976. pp. 1940-1642.
8. Baker, R. L., "Graphite Sublimation Chemistry Nonequilibrium Effects," AIAA Journal, Vol. 15, No. 10, 1977, pp. 1391-1397.
9. Palmer, H. B., and Shelef, M., "Vaporization of Carbon," Chemistry and Physics of Carbon, Vol. 4, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1968, pp. 85-135.
10. Palmer, H. B., "On the Equilibrium Vapor Pressure of Graphite and the Temperature of the Carbon Arc," Carbon, Vol. 8, No. 2, 1970, pp. 243, 244.
11. Park, C., and Ahn, H.-K., "Stagnation-Point Heat Transfer Rates for Pioneer-Venus Probes," Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, Vol. 13, No. 1, 1999, pp. 33-40.
12. Baker, R. L., McDonough, J. M., Herr, K. C., Klingberg, R. A., Coffer, J. C., and Covington, M. A., "Carbon Vaporization Condensation Effects," NASA TM 87430, July 1984.
13. Zhluktov, S. V., and Abe, T., "Viscous Shock-Layer Simulation of Airflow past Ablating Blunt Body with Carbon Surface," Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, Vol. 13, No. 1, 1999, pp. 50-59.
14. Blottner, F. G., "Prediction of Electron Density in the Boundary Layer on Entry Vehicles with Ablation," Entry Plasma Sheath and Its Effects on Space Vehicle Electromagnetic Systems, NASA SP-252, Vol. 1, 1970, pp. 219-240.
15. Hassan, B., Kuntz, D. W., and Potter, D. L., "Coupled Fluid/Thermal Prediction of Ablating Hypersonic Vehicles," AIAA Paper 98-0168, Jan. 1998.
16. Chen, Y.-K., and Milos, F. S., "Two-Dimensional Implicit Thermal Response and Ablation Program for Charring Materials on Hypersonic Space Vehicles," AIAA Paper 2000-0206, Jan. 2000.
17. Milos, F. S., and Rasky, D. J., "Review of Numerical Procedures for Computational Surface Thermochemistry," Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, Vol. 8, No. 1, 1994, pp. 24-34.
18. Potts, R. L., "Application of Integral Methods to Ablation Charring Erosion, A Review," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 32, No. 2, 1995, pp. 200-209.
19. Shapiro, A. B., "TOPAZ3D-A Three Dimensional Finite Element Heat Transfer Code," Univ. of California, Rept. UCID-20484, Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA, 1985.
20. Wool, M. R., "Passive Nosetip Technology (PANT) Program," ACUREX Corp., Final Summary Rept., AD-A019 186. SAMSO-TR-75-220, Los Angeles, June 1975.
21. Shimizu, A. B., Ferrell, J. E., and Powars, C. A., "Passive Nosetip Technology (PANT) Program," Vol. 12, Nosetip Transition and Shape Change Tests in the AFFDL 50 MW Rent Arc, ACUREX Corp., Data Rept. AD-A020 710, SAMSO-TR-74-86, Los Angeles, April 1974.
22. Havstad, M. A., and Carter, P., "Thermochemical Ablation During Reentrant and High Altitude Skipping Flight," AIAA Paper 2001-0979, Jan. 2001.
23. Chase, M. W., "NIST-JANAF Thermochemical Tables, Fourth Edition," Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, Monograph 9, Vols. 1, 2, 1998, pp. 550-1745.
24. Leider, H. R., Krikorian, O. H., and Young, D. A., "Thermodynamic Properties of Carbon up to the Critical Point," Carbon, Vol. 11, No. 5, 1973, pp. 555-563.
25. 7 from 298 to 10000 K," High Temperature Science, Vol. 5, No. 6, 1973, pp. 438-453.
26. Brown, P. N., Byrne, G. D., and Hindmarsh, A. C., "VODE, A Variable Coefficient ODE Solver," Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Univ. of California, Rept. UCRL-98412, Livermore, CA, June 1988.
27. Maahs, H. G., "Ablation Performance of Glasslike Carbons Pyrolytic Graphite, and Artificial Graphite in the Stagnaton Pressure Range 0.035 to 15 Atmospheres," NASA TN D-7005, March 1972.
28. Baker, R. L., Covington, M. A., and Rosenblatt, G. M., "The Determination of Carbon Thermochemical Properties by Laser Vaporization," High Temperature Materials Chemistry Symposium, Electrochemical Society, Pennington, NJ, 1983, pp. 143-154.
29. Lundell, J. H., and Dickey, R. R., "Ablation of ATJ Graphite at High Temperature," AIAA Journal, Vol. 11, No. 2, 1973, pp. 216-222.
30. Park, C., "Stagnation-Point Ablation of Carbonaceous Flat Disks, Part 2: Experiment," AIAA Journal, Vol. 21, No. 12, 1983, pp. 1748-1754.