A seed chalcid (Eurytoma squamosa Bugbee) parasitizes buckbrush (Ceanothus fendleri Gray) seeds in a ponderosa pine forest of Arizona

Western North American Naturalist

Volumn 62, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 474-478

  Huffman, David W ^a  

^a NORTHERN ARIZONA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Ceanothus fendleri; Ecological restoration; Eurytoma squamosa; Hymenoptera; Parasitism; Plant insect interactions; Predispersal seed predation; Range expansion

Indexed keywords

CEANOTHUS FENDLERI; EURYTOMA SQUAMOSA; PINUS PONDEROSA;

EID: 0036807140     PISSN: 15270904     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Blake, E.A., M.R. Wagner, and T.W. Koerber. 1985. Insects destructive to ponderosa pine cone crops in northern Arizona. Conifer Tree Seed in the Inland Mountain West Symposium, 5-6 August 1985, Missoula, MT.
2. Bugbee, R.E. 1967. Revision of chalcid wasps of genus Eurytoma in America north of Mexico. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 118:433-552.
3. _. 1971. A new species of Arizona Eurytoma phytophagous in Ceanothus greggii seeds. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 44:111-112.
4. Conard, S.G., A.E. Jaramillo, K. Cromack, JR., and S. Rose. 1985. The Role of the Genus Ceanothus in Western Forest Ecosystems. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-182.
5. Covington, W.W., and M.M. Moore. 1994. Southwestern ponderosa forest structure: Changes since Euro-American settlement. Journal of Forestry 92(1):39-47.
6. Covington, W.W., P.Z. Fulé, M.M. Moore, S.C. Hart, T.E. Kolb, J.N. Mast, S.S. Sackett, and M.R. Wagner. 1997. Restoring ecosystem health in ponderosa pine forests of the Southwest. Journal of Forestry 95(4):23-29.
7. Ffolliott, P.F., W.P. Clary, and F.R Larson. 1977. Effects of a Prescribed Fire in an Arizona Ponderosa Pine Forest. USDA Forest Service Research Note RM-336.
8. Fulé, P.Z., W.W. Covington, and M.M. Moore. 1997. Determining reference conditions for ecosystem management of southwestern ponderosa pine forests. Ecological Applications 7:895-908.
9. Furniss, M.M., T.A. Leege, and R.J. Naskali. 1978. Insects that reduce redstem Ceanothus seed production in Idaho. In: Proceedings of the First International Rangeland Congress.
10. Kearney, T.H., and R.H. Peebles. 1951. Arizona Flora. University of California Press, Los Angeles.
11. Krishnan, S. 1989. Propagation of Four Native Drought Tolerant Shrubs - Ceanothus spp. and Sherpherdia spp. Master's thesis, Colorado State University, Fort Collins.
12. Meurisse, R.T. 1971. Soil Report on the San Francisco Peaks Area, Elden and Flagstaff Ranger Districts, Coconino National Forests. USDA Forest Service (unpublished).
13. Moore, M.M., W.W. Covington, and P.Z. Fulé. 1999. Reference conditions and ecological restoration: A southwestern ponderosa pine perspective. Ecological Applications 9:1266-1277.
14. Patton, D.R. 1974. Patch cutting increases deer and elk use of a pine forest in Arizona. Journal of Forestry 72:764-766.
15. Pearson, H.A., J.R. Davis, and G.H. Schubert. 1972. Effects of wildfire on timber and forage production in Arizona. Journal of Range Management 25:250-253.
16. Quick, C.R. 1935. Notes on the germination of Ceanothus seeds. Madroño 3:345-346.
17. Reed, M.J. 1974. Ceanothus L. ceanothus. In: C.S. Schopmeyer, technical coordinator, Seeds of woody plants in the United States. USDA Handbook 450.
18. Story, M.T. 1974. Nitrogen Fixation by Ceanothus Fendleri and Lupinus Argenteus as a Function of Parent Material and Vegetal Cover. Master's thesis, University of Arizona, Tucson.
19. Urness, P.J., D.J. Neff, and R.K. Watkins. 1975. Nutritive Value of Mule Deer Forages on Ponderosa Pine Summer Range in Arizona. USDA Forest Service Research Note RM-304, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO.
20. Vose, J.M., and A.S. White. 1991. Biomass response mechanisms of understory species the first year after prescribed burning in an Arizona ponderosa-pine community. Forest Ecology and Management 40: 175-187.