In-vitro characterisation of the phagocytosis and fate of anthrax spores in macrophages and the effects of anti-PA antibody

Journal of Medical Microbiology

Volumn 51, Issue 10, 2002, Pages 821-831

  Welkos, Susan ^a   Friedlander, A ^a   Weeks, S ^a   Little, S ^a   Mendelson, I ^a  

^a UNITED STATES ARMY MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTITOXIN;

AMES TEST; ANIMAL CELL; ANTHRAX; ARTICLE; BACILLUS ANTHRACIS; CELL KILLING; GERMINATION; IMMUNE RESPONSE; MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PERITONEUM MACROPHAGE; PHAGOCYTOSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPORE GERMINATION; STRAIN DIFFERENCE; VACCINATION;

EID: 0036800949     PISSN: 00222615     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-51-10-821     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Ivins BE, Fellows PF, Pitt MLM et al. Efficacy of a standard human anthrax vaccine against Bacillus anthracis aerosol spore challenge in rhesus monkeys. Salisbury Med Bull 1996; Suppl 87: 125-126.
2. Pitt MLM, Ivins BE, Estep JE, Farchaus J, Friedlander AM. Comparison of the efficacy of purified protective antigen and MDPH to protect non-human primates from inhalation anthrax. Salisbury Med Bull 1996; Suppl 87: 130.
3. Pitt MLM, Little S, Ivins BE et al. In vitro correlate of immunity in an animal model of inhalational anthrax. J Appl Microbiol 1999; 87: 304.
4. Pitt MLM, Little SF, Ivins BE et al. In vitro correlate of immunity in a rabbit model of inhalational anthrax. Vaccine 2001; 19: 4768-4773.
5. Reuveny S, White MD, Adar YY et al. Search for correlates of protective immunity conferred by anthrax vaccine. Infect Immun 2001; 69: 2888-2893.
6. Stepanov AV, Marinin LI, Pomerantsev AP, Staritsin NA. Development of novel vaccines against anthrax in man. J Biotechnol 1996; 44: 155-160.
7. Welkos S, Little S, Friedlander A, Fritz D, Fellows P. The role of antibodies to Bacillus anthracis and anthrax toxin components in inhibiting the early stages of infection by anthrax spores. Microbiology 2001; 147: 1677-1685.
8. Pezard C, Berche P, Mock M. Contribution of individual toxin components to virulence of Bacillus anthracis. Infect Immun 1991; 59: 3472-3477.
9. Pezard C, Duflot E, Mock M. Construction of Bacillus anthracis mutant strains producing a single toxin component. J Gen Microbiol 1993; 139: 2459-2463.
10. Leighton TJ, Doi RH. The stability of messenger ribonucleic acid during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. J Biol Chem 1971; 246: 3189-3195.
11. Welkos SL, Trotter RW, Becker DM, Nelson GO. Resistance to the Sterne strain of B. anthracis: Phagocytic cell responses of resistant and susceptible mice. Microb Pathog 1989; 7: 15-35.
12. Guidi-Rontani C, Levy M, Ohayon H, Mock M. Fate of germinated Bacillus anthracis spores in primary murine macrophages. Mol Microbiol 2001; 42: 931-938.
13. Lindgren SW, Stojiljkovic I, Heffron F. Macrophage killing is an essential virulence mechanism of Salmonella typhimurium. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93: 4197-4201.
14. Ivins BE, Welkos SL. Cloning and expression of the Bacillus anthracis protective antigen gene in Bacillus subtilis. Infect Immun 1986; 54: 537-542.
15. Worsham PL, Sowers MR. Isolation of an asporogenic (spoOA) protective antigen-producing strain of Bacillus anthracis. Can J Microbiol 1999; 45: 1-8.
16. Friedlander AM. Macrophages are sensitive to anthrax lethal toxin through an acid-dependent process. J Biol Chem 1986; 261: 7123-7126.
17. Gordon VM, Leppla SH, Hewlett EL. Inhibitors of receptor-mediated endocytosis block the entry of Bacillus anthracis adenylate cyclase toxin but not that of Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin. Infect Immun 1988; 56: 1066-1069.
18. Heinzen RA, Scidmore MA, Rockey DD, Hackstadt T. Differential interaction with endocytic and exocytic pathways distinguish parasitophorous vacuoles of Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydia trachomatis. Infect Immun 1996; 64: 796-809.
19. Leppla SH. Anthrax toxin. In: Aktories K, Just I (eds) Bacterial Protein Toxins. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Vol 145. Berlin, Springer-Verlag. 2000: 445-472.
20. Ménard A, Altendorf K, Breves D, Mock M, Montecucco C. The vacuolar ATPase proton pump is required for the cytotoxicity of Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin. FEBS Lett 1996; 386: 161-164.
21. Barnes JM. The development of anthrax following the administration of spores by inhalation. Br J Exp Pathol 1947; 28: 385-394.
22. Dixon TC, Meselson M, Guillemin J, Hanna PC. Anthrax. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 815-826.
23. Dixon TC, Fadl AA, Koehler TM, Swanson JA, Hanna PC. Early Bacillus anthracis-macrophage interactions: Intracellular survival and escape. Cellular Microbiol 2000; 2: 453-463.
24. Guidi-Rontani C, Weber-Levy M, Labruyere E, Mock M. Germination of Bacillus anthracis spores within alveolar macrophages. Mol Microbiol 1999; 31: 9-17.
25. Hanna PC, Ireland JAW. Understanding Bacillus anthracis pathogenesis. Trends Microbiol 1999; 7: 180-182.
26. Lincoln RE, Rhian MA, Klein F, Fernelius A. Pathogenesis as related to the physiological state of anthrax spores and cell. In: Halvorson HO (ed) Spores II. Minneapolis, Burgess Publishing Co. 1961: 255-275.
27. Metchnikoff E. Immunity in Infective Diseases. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. 1905.
28. Ross JM. The pathogenesis of anthrax following the administration of spores by the respiratory route. J Pathol Bacteriol 1957; 73: 485-494.
29. Young GA, Zelle RE, Lincoln RE. Respiratory pathogenicity of Bacillus anthracis spores. I. Methods of study and observations on pathogenesis. J Infect Dis 1946; 79: 233-246.