Thermal function of phocid seal fur

Marine Mammal Science

Volumn 18, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 952-962

  Kvadsheim, P H ^a   Aarseth, J J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TROMSØ   (Norway)

Author keywords

Blubber; Cystophora cristata; Fur; Harp seal; Hooded seal; Insulation; Pagophilus groenlandicus; Phocid seals; Skin; Thermal resistance

Indexed keywords

INSULATION; PINNIPED; TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE;

ANIMALIA; CYSTOPHORA CRISTATA; MAMMALIA; PAGOPHILUS GROENLANDICUS; PHOCA GROENLANDICA; PHOCIDAE; PINNIPEDIA;

EID: 0036774108     PISSN: 08240469     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2002.tb01084.x     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Beck, G. G., and T. G. Smith. 1995. Distribution of blubber in the northwest Atlantic harp seal, Phoca groenlandica. Canadian Journal of Zoology 73:1991-1998.
2. Blix, A. S., and J. B. Steen. 1979. Temperature regulation in newborn polar homeotherms. Physiological Reviews 59:285-304.
3. Blix, A. S., H. J. Grav and K. Ronald. 1979a. Some aspects of temperature regulation in newborn harp seal pups. American Journal of Physiology 236:R188-R197.
4. Blix, A. S., L. K. Miller, M. C. Keyes, H. J. Grav and R. Elsner. 1979b. Newborn northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) - Do they suffer from cold? American Journal of Physiology 236:R322-R327.
5. Bowen, W. D., O. T. Oftedal and D. J. Boness. 1985. Birth to weaning in 4 days: Remarkable growth in the hooded seal, (Cystophora cristata). Canadian Journal of Zoology 63:2841-2846.
6. Folkow, L. P., and A. S. Blix. 1987. Nasal heat and water exchange in gray seals. American Journal of Physiology 253:R883-R889.
7. Folkow, L. P., and A. S. Blix. 1992. Metabolic rates of minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) in cold water. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 146:141-150.
8. Frisch, J., and N. A. Øritsland. 1968. Insulative changes in the harp seal pup during moulting. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 74:637-638.
9. Frisch, J., N. A. Øritsland and J. Krog. 1974. Insulation of furs in water. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 47A:403-410.
10. Grav, H. J., and A. S. Blix. 1976. Brown adipose tissue - A factor in the survival of harp seal pups. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 54:409-412.
11. Grav, H. J., A. S. Blix and A. Paasche. 1974. How do seal pups survive birth in the Arctic winter? Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 92:427-429.
12. Hammel, H. T. 1955. Thermal properties of fur. American Journal of Physiology 182:369-376.
13. Hansen, S., and D. M. Lavigne. 1997. Ontogeny of the thermal limits in the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina). Physiological Zoology 70:85-92.
14. Irving, L., L. J. Peyton, C. H. Bahn and R. S. Peterson. 1962. Regulation of temperature in fur seals. Physiological Zoology 35:275-284.
15. Kovacs, K. M., and D. M. Lavigne. 1985. Neonatal growth and organ allometry of Northwest Atlantic harp seals (Phoca groenlandica). Canadian Journal of Zoology 63:2793-2799.
16. Kovacs, K. M., and D. M. Lavigne. 1992. Mass-transfer efficiency between hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) mothers and their pups in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Canadian Journal of Zoology 70:1315-1320.
17. Kreith, F. 1958. Principles of Heat Transfer. Intext Educational Publishers, New York, NY.
18. Kvadsheim, P. H., and L. P. Folkow. 1997. Blubber and flipper heat transfer in harp seals. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 161:385-395.
19. Kvadsheim, P. H., L. P. Folkow and A. S. Blix. 1994. A new device for measurement of the thermal conductivity of fur and blubber. Journal of Thermal Biology 19:431-435.
20. Kvadsheim, P. H., A. R. L. Gotaas, L. P. Folkow and A. S. Blix. 1997. An experimental validation of heat loss models for marine mammals. Journal of Theoretical Biology 184:15-23.
21. Mordvinov, Y. E., and B. V. Korbatov. 1972. Influence of hair cover in some species of phocidae upon the value of general hydrodynamic resistance. Zoologicheskij Zhurnal 51:242-247. (in Russian)
22. Oftedal, O. T., W. D. Bowen, E. M. Widdowson and D. J. Boness. 1991. The prenatal molt and its ecological significance in hooded and harbor seals. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69:2489-2493.
23. Pond, C. M. 1978. Morphological aspects and the ecological and mechanical consequences of fat deposition in wild vertebrates. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 9:519-570.
24. Scheffer, V. B. 1964. Hair patterns in seals (Pinnipedia). Journal of Morphology 115:291-304.
25. Scholander, P. F., V. Walters, R. Hock and L. Irving. 1950. Body insulation of some arctic and tropical mammals and birds. Biological Bulletin 99:225-236.
26. Sokolov, W. 1960. The skin structure in Pinnipedia of the U.S.S.R. fauna. Journal of Morphology 107:285-296.
27. Sokolov, W. 1962. Adaptations of the mammalian skin to the aquatic mode of life. Nature 195:464-466.
28. Stewart, R. E. A. 1986. Energetics of age-specific reproductive effort in female harp seals, Phoca groenlandica. Journal of Zoology, London 208:503-517.
29. Tøien, Ø. 1992. Data acquisition in thermal physiology: Measurements of shivering. Journal of Thermal Biology 17:357-366.
30. Worthy, G. 1991. Insulation and thermal balance of fasting harp and grey seal pups. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 100A:845-851.