Assays to assess freeze injury of satsuma mandarin

HortScience

Volumn 37, Issue 6, 2002, Pages 871-877

  Nesbitt, Monte L ^a   Ebel, Robert C ^a   Findley, Douglas ^a   Wilkins, Bryan ^a   Woods, Floyd ^a   Himelrick, David ^a  

^a AUBURN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Callus; Citrus unshiu; Cold hardiness; Differential thermal analysis; Electrolyte leakage; Phenolic leakage; Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride

Indexed keywords

BIOASSAY; ELECTROLYTES; LOW TEMPERATURE EFFECTS; TISSUE;

FREEZE INJURY;

PLANTS (BOTANY);

CITRUS; CITRUS UNSHIU; PONCIRUS TRIFOLIATA;

EID: 0036773820     PISSN: 00185345     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.21273/hortsci.37.6.871     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Anderson, J.A., L.V. Gusta, D.W. Buchanan and M.J. Burke. 1983. Freezing of water in Citrus leaves. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 108:397-400.
2. Calkins, J.B. and B.T. Swanson. 1990. The distinction between living and dead plant tissue-viability tests in cold hardiness research. Cryobiology 27:194-211.
3. Chalker-Scott, L., L.H. Fuchigami, and R.M. Harber. 1989. Spectrophotometric measurement of leached phenolic compounds as an indicator of freeze damage. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 114:315-319.
4. Dexter, S.T., W.E. Tottingham, and W.E. Graber. 1930. Preliminary results in measuring the hardiness of plants. Plant Physiol. 5:215-223.
5. Dexter, S.T., W.E. Tottingham, and W.E. Graber. 1932. Investigations of the hardiness of plants by measurement of electrical conductivity. Plant Physiol. 7:63-78.
6. Emmert, F.H. and F.S. Howlett. 1953. Electrolytic determinations of the resistance of fifty-five apple varieties to low temperatures. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 62:311-318.
7. Flint, H.L., B.R. Boyce, and D.J. Beattie. 1967. Index of injury - A useful expression of freezing injury to plant tissues as determined by the electrolytic method. Can. J. Plant Sci. 47:229-230.
8. Fuchigami, L.H. 1996. Cold hardiness, p. 146. In: F.B. Salisbury (ed.). Units, Symbols, and Terminology for Plant Physiology: A Reference for Presentation of Results in the Plant Sciences. Oxford Univ. Press, New York
9. Gerber, J.F. and F. Hashemi. 1965. The freezing point of citrus leaves. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 86:220-225.
10. Hallam, P.M. and W.N. Tibbits. 1988. Determination of frost hardiness of Eucalyptus using the electrical conductivity of diffusate in conjunction with a freezing chamber. Can. J. Forest Res. 18:595-600.
11. st Intl. Citrus Symp. Vol 2:559-564.
12. Ketchie, D.O., C.H. Beeman, and A.L. Ballard. 1972. Relationship of electrolytic conductance to cold injury and acclimation of in fruit trees. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 97:403-406.
13. Ketchie, D.O. and R. Kammereck. 1987. Seasonal variation of cold resistance in Malus woody tissue as determined by differential thermal analysis and viability tests. Can. J. Bot. 65:2640-2645.
14. Kuroda, K., J. Ohtani, and S. Fujikawa. 1997. Supercooling of xylem ray parenchyma cells in tropical and subtropical hardwood species. Trees 12:97-106.
15. Latcher, W., U. Heber, and K.A. Santarius. 1973. Limiting temperatures for life functions, p. 195-231. In: H. Precht, J. Christopherson, and W.Larcher (eds.). Temperature and Life Chapt. III. Springer-Verlag, New York.
16. Palta, J.P., J. Levitt and E.J. Stadelmann. 1977. Freezing injury in onion bulb cells. II. Post thawing injury or recovery. Plant Physiol. 60:398-401.
17. Parker, J. 1953. Some applications and limitations of tetrazolium chloride. Science 118:77-79.
18. Parker, J. 1963. Cold resistance in woody plants. Bot. Rev. 29:123-201.
19. Pellett, N.E. and D.A. Heleba. 1998. Comparing callus growth with discoloration and electrical conductivity as measures of stem injury after freezing woody plants. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 123:826-831.
20. Prasil, I. and J. Zamecnik. 1998. The use of a conductivity measurement method for assessing freezing injury, I. Influence of leakage time, segment number, size and shape in a sample evaluation of the degree of injury. Environ. and Expt. Bot. 40:1-10.
21. Prive, J. and M.I.N. Zhang. 1996. Estimating cold stress in 'Beautiful Arcade' apple roots using electrical impedance analysis. HortTechnology 6:54-58.
22. Purcell, A.E. and R.H. Young. 1963. The use of tetrazolium in assessing freeze damage in Citrus trees. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 83:352-358.
23. Quamme, H., C. Stushnoff, and C.J. Weiser. 1972. The relationship of exotherms to cold injury in apple stem tissues. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 97:608-613.
24. Redmann, R.E., J. Haraldson, and L.V. Gusta. 1986. Leakage of UV-absorbing substances as a measure of salt injury in leaf tissue of woody species. Physiol. Plant. 67:87-91.
25. SAS Institute. 1985. SAS/STAT Guide for Personal Computers, Vers. 6. SAS Inst., Cary, N.C.
26. Schaff, D.A., C.D. Clayberg, and G.A. Milliken. 1987. Comparison of TTC and electrical conductivity heat tolerance screening techniques in Phaseolus. HortScience 22:642-645.
27. Soule, J. 1985. Glossary for horticultural crops. Wiley, New York.
28. Steponkus, P.L. and F.O. Lanphear. 1967. Refinement of the Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride method of determining cold injury. Plant Physiol. 42:1423-1426.
29. Stergios, B.G. and G.S. Howell, Jr. 1973. Evaluation of viability tests for cold stressed plants. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 98:325-330.
30. Sukumaran, N.P. and C.J. Weiser. 1972. An excised leaflet test for evaluating potato frost tolerance. HortScience 7:467-468.
31. Tignor, M.E., F.S. Davies, and W.B. Sherman. 1998. Freezing tolerance and growth characteristics of USDA intergeneric Citrus hybrids US 119 and Selection 17-11. HortScience 33:744-748.
32. Tignor, M.E., F.S. Davies, W.B. Sherman, and J.M. Davis. 1997. Rapid freeze acclimation of Poncirus trifoliata seedlings exposed to 10°C and long days. HortScience 32:854-857.
33. Ting, I.P. 1982. Plant physiology. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass.
34. Towill, L.E. and P. Mazur. 1974. Studies on the reduction of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride as a viability assay for plant tissue cultures. Can. J. Bot. 53:1097-1102.
35. Wilner, J. 1959. Note on an electrolytic procedure for differentiating between frost injury of roots and shoots in woody plants. Can. J. Plant Sci. 39:512-513.
36. Yelenosky, G. 1975. Cold hardening in Citrus stems. Plant Physiol. 56:540-543.
37. Yelenosky, G. 1978. Cold hardening 'Valencia' Orange trees to tolerate -6.7°C without injury. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 103:449-452.
38. Yelenoskẏ, G. 1985. Cold hardiness in citrus, p. 201-238. In: J. Janick (ed.). Hort. Rev. Vol. VII. AVI Publ. Co., Westport, Conn.
39. Yelenosky, G. 1991. Supercooling and freezing in the main stem of Valencia orange trees. Cryobiology 28:382-390.
40. Yelenosky, G. and G. Horanic. 1969. Subcooling in wood of Citrus seedlings. Cryobiology 5:281-283.
41. Young, R. 1970. Induction of dormancy and cold hardiness in Citrus. HortScience 5:411-413.
42. Young, R. and A. Peynado. 1962. Growth and cold-hardiness of Citrus and related species when exposed to different night temperatures. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 81:238-243.
43. Zhang, M.I.N. and J.H.M. Willison. 1986. An improved conductivity method for the measurement of frost hardiness. Can. J. Bot. 65:710-715.