메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 21, Issue 5, 2002, Pages 349-369

Nanoscopic aspects of radiobiological damage: Fragmentation induced by secondary low-energy electrons

Author keywords

DNA; DNA bases; Electron impact; Electron stimulated desorption; Oligonucleotides; Radiation damage; Secondary electrons

Indexed keywords

BIOFILMS; BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS; DNA SEQUENCES; ELECTRON RESONANCE; ELECTRONS; HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS; IRRADIATION; PROTEINS; ULTRAHIGH VACUUM; WATER;

EID: 0036769329     PISSN: 02777037     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/mas.10034     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (221)

References (80)
  • 1
    • 0036302979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alteration of protein structure induced by low-energy (<18 eV) electrons: I. The peptide and disulfide bridges
    • Abdoul-Carime H, Cecchini S, Sanche L. 2002. Alteration of protein structure induced by low-energy (<18 eV) electrons: I. The peptide and disulfide bridges. Radial Res 158:23-31.
    • (2002) Radial Res , vol.158 , pp. 23-31
    • Abdoul-Carime, H.1    Cecchini, S.2    Sanche, L.3
  • 2
    • 0035096031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low energy (5-40 eV) electron stimulated desorption of anions from physisorbed DNA bases
    • Abdoul-Carime H, Cloutier P, Sanche L. 2001. Low energy (5-40 eV) electron stimulated desorption of anions from physisorbed DNA bases. Radiation Res 155:625-633.
    • (2001) Radiation Res , vol.155 , pp. 625-633
    • Abdoul-Carime, H.1    Cloutier, P.2    Sanche, L.3
  • 3
    • 0033997851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Damage induced by 1-30 eV electrons on thymine and bromouracil substituted oligonucleotides
    • Abdoul-Carime H, Dugal PC, Sanche L. 2000a. Damage induced by 1-30 eV electrons on thymine and bromouracil substituted oligonucleotides. Radiation Res 153:23-28.
    • (2000) Radiation Res , vol.153 , pp. 23-28
    • Abdoul-Carime, H.1    Dugal, P.C.2    Sanche, L.3
  • 4
    • 0033732783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DIET of neutral fragments from chemisorbed biological molecular systems
    • Abdoul-Carime H, Dugal PC, Sanche L. 2000b. DIET of neutral fragments from chemisorbed biological molecular systems. Surf Sci 451:102-107.
    • (2000) Surf Sci , vol.451 , pp. 102-107
    • Abdoul-Carime, H.1    Dugal, P.C.2    Sanche, L.3
  • 5
    • 0034923965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence specific damage to oligonucleotides induced by 3-30 eV electrons
    • Abdoul-Carime H, Sanche L. 2001. Sequence specific damage to oligonucleotides induced by 3-30 eV electrons. Radiat Res 156:151-157.
    • (2001) Radiat Res , vol.156 , pp. 151-157
    • Abdoul-Carime, H.1    Sanche, L.2
  • 6
    • 0036150918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fragmentation of short single DNA strands by 1-30 eV electrons: Dependence on base identity and sequence
    • Abdoul-Carime H, Sanche L. 2002a. Fragmentation of short single DNA strands by 1-30 eV electrons: Dependence on base identity and sequence. Int J Radiat Biol 78:89-99.
    • (2002) Int J Radiat Biol , vol.78 , pp. 89-99
    • Abdoul-Carime, H.1    Sanche, L.2
  • 7
    • 0037191860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms for anion and sulfur-radical production by 1-18 eV electron impact on dimethyl disulfur adsorbed on ice
    • Abdoul-Carime H, Sanche L. 2002b. Mechanisms for anion and sulfur-radical production by 1-18 eV electron impact on dimethyl disulfur adsorbed on ice. J Phys Chem B 106: 12186-12190.
    • (2002) J Phys Chem B , vol.106 , pp. 12186-12190
    • Abdoul-Carime, H.1    Sanche, L.2
  • 8
    • 0034806725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitizing DNA to secondary electron damage: Resonant formation of oxidative radicals from 5-Halouracils
    • Abdoul-Carime H, Huels MA, Illenberger E, Sanche L. 2001. Sensitizing DNA to secondary electron damage: Resonant formation of oxidative radicals from 5-Halouracils. JACS 123:5354-5355.
    • (2001) JACS , vol.123 , pp. 5354-5355
    • Abdoul-Carime, H.1    Huels, M.A.2    Illenberger, E.3    Sanche, L.4
  • 9
    • 0005856916 scopus 로고
    • Study of the triplet-states and short-lived negative-ions by means of electron impact sceptroscopy
    • Allan M. 1989. Study of the triplet-states and short-lived negative-ions by means of electron impact sceptroscopy. J Electr Spectr Rel Phenom 48:219-351.
    • (1989) J Electr Spectr Rel Phenom , vol.48 , pp. 219-351
    • Allan, M.1
  • 10
    • 1542411152 scopus 로고
    • Electron transfer and bond breaking-examples of passage from a sequential to a concerted mechanism in the electrochemical reductive cleavage of arylmethyl halides
    • Andrieux CP, LeGorande A, Saveant J-M. 1992. Electron transfer and bond breaking-examples of passage from a sequential to a concerted mechanism in the electrochemical reductive cleavage of arylmethyl halides. J Amer Chem Soc 114: 6892-6904.
    • (1992) J Amer Chem Soc , vol.114 , pp. 6892-6904
    • Andrieux, C.P.1    Legorande, A.2    Saveant, J.-M.3
  • 11
    • 21044458837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • - from condensed phase deoxyribose analogs: Dissociative electron attachment vs. resonance decay into dipolar dissociation
    • - from condensed phase deoxyribose analogs: Dissociative electron attachment vs. resonance decay into dipolar dissociation. J Phys Chem B 104:4711 - 4716.
    • (2000) J Phys Chem B , vol.104 , pp. 4711-4716
    • Antic, D.1    Parenteau, L.2    Sanche, L.3
  • 17
    • 0038188968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resonant induction of DNA strand breaks by low energy (3-20 eV) electrons
    • Boudaiffa B, Cloutier P, Hunting D, Huels MA, Sanche L. 2000a. Resonant induction of DNA strand breaks by low energy (3-20 eV) electrons. Science 287:1658-1660.
    • (2000) Science , vol.287 , pp. 1658-1660
    • Boudaiffa, B.1    Cloutier, P.2    Hunting, D.3    Huels, M.A.4    Sanche, L.5
  • 18
    • 0033858069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of single and double strand breaks in plasmid DNA by 100 to 1500 eV electrons
    • Boudaiffa B, Hunting DJ, Cloutier P, Huels MA, Sanche L. 2000b. Induction of single and double strand breaks in plasmid DNA by 100 to 1500 eV electrons. Int J Radiat Biol 76:1209-1221.
    • (2000) Int J Radiat Biol , vol.76 , pp. 1209-1221
    • Boudaiffa, B.1    Hunting, D.J.2    Cloutier, P.3    Huels, M.A.4    Sanche, L.5
  • 19
    • 0013041138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Les électrons de très faible énergie produisent des lésions de l'ADN
    • Boudaiffa B, Cloutier P, Hunting D, Huels MA, Sanche L. 2000c. Les électrons de très faible énergie produisent des lésions de l'ADN. Méd Sci 16:1281-1283.
    • (2000) Méd Sci , vol.16 , pp. 1281-1283
    • Boudaiffa, B.1    Cloutier, P.2    Hunting, D.3    Huels, M.A.4    Sanche, L.5
  • 22
    • 0032030195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo simulation of fast electron and proton tracks in liquid water-I. Physical and physicochemical aspects
    • Cobut V, Frongillo Y, Patau JP, Goulet T, Fraser M-J, Jay-Gerin J-P. 1998. Monte Carlo simulation of fast electron and proton tracks in liquid water-I. Physical and physicochemical aspects. Radiat Phys Chem 51:229-243.
    • (1998) Radiat Phys Chem , vol.51 , pp. 229-243
    • Cobut, V.1    Frongillo, Y.2    Patau, J.P.3    Goulet, T.4    Fraser, M.-J.5    Jay-Gerin, J.-P.6
  • 23
    • 0015243051 scopus 로고
    • Electron energy loss spectrum of nucleic-acid bases
    • Crewe AV, Isaacson M, Johnson D. 1971. Electron energy loss spectrum of nucleic-acid bases. Nature 231:262-264.
    • (1971) Nature , vol.231 , pp. 262-264
    • Crewe, A.V.1    Isaacson, M.2    Johnson, D.3
  • 24
    • 0024574242 scopus 로고
    • The electronic spectrum of adenine by electron-impact methods
    • Dillon MA, Tanaka H, Spence D. 1989. The electronic spectrum of adenine by electron-impact methods. Radiat Res 117:1-7.
    • (1989) Radiat Res , vol.117 , pp. 1-7
    • Dillon, M.A.1    Tanaka, H.2    Spence, D.3
  • 26
    • 20644459226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of low energy (0.5-30 eV) electron-induced pyrimidine ring fragmentation within thymine and halogen-substituted single strands of DNA
    • Dugal P, Abdoul-Carime H, Sanche L. 2000. Mechanisms of low energy (0.5-30 eV) electron-induced pyrimidine ring fragmentation within thymine and halogen-substituted single strands of DNA. J Phys Chem B 104:5610-5617.
    • (2000) J Phys Chem B , vol.104 , pp. 5610-5617
    • Dugal, P.1    Abdoul-Carime, H.2    Sanche, L.3
  • 27
    • 0033050719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-energy (5-25 eV) electron damage to homo-oligonucleotides
    • Dugal P, Huels MA, Sanche L. 1999. Low-energy (5-25 eV) electron damage to homo-oligonucleotides. Radiation Res 151:325-333.
    • (1999) Radiation Res , vol.151 , pp. 325-333
    • Dugal, P.1    Huels, M.A.2    Sanche, L.3
  • 32
    • 0031567761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substrate sensitivity of dissociative electron attachment to physisorbed aniline
    • Huels MA, Parenteau L, Sanche L. 1997. Substrate sensitivity of dissociative electron attachment to physisorbed aniline. Chem Phys Lett 279:223-229.
    • (1997) Chem Phys Lett , vol.279 , pp. 223-229
    • Huels, M.A.1    Parenteau, L.2    Sanche, L.3
  • 35
    • 11644276221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resonant dissociation of DNA bases by sub-ionization electrons
    • Huels MA, Hahndorf I, Illenberger E, Sanche L. 1998. Resonant dissociation of DNA bases by sub-ionization electrons., J Chem Phys 108:1309-1312.
    • (1998) J Chem Phys , vol.108 , pp. 1309-1312
    • Huels, M.A.1    Hahndorf, I.2    Illenberger, E.3    Sanche, L.4
  • 36
    • 84963224124 scopus 로고
    • How is radiation energy-absorption different between the condensed phase and gas phase
    • Inokuti M. 1991. How is radiation energy-absorption different between the condensed phase and gas phase. Radiat Eff Def Sol 117:143-162.
    • (1991) Radiat Eff Def Sol , vol.117 , pp. 143-162
    • Inokuti, M.1
  • 37
    • 0344447516 scopus 로고
    • ICRU, Washington DC
    • International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements. 1979. ICRU Report 31. ICRU, Washington DC.
    • (1979) ICRU Report , vol.31
  • 38
    • 0000165564 scopus 로고
    • 2O ice-D(S-2), O(P-3(2,1,0)), and O(D-1(2)) yields and velocity distributions
    • 2O ice-D(S-2), O(P-3(2,1,0)), and O(D-1(2)) yields and velocity distributions. Phys Rev Lett 75:2606-2609.
    • (1995) Phys Rev Lett , vol.75 , pp. 2606-2609
    • Kimmel, G.A.1    Orlando, T.M.2
  • 39
    • 3843141649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observation of negative ion resonances in amorphous ice via low-energy (5-40 eV) electron-stimulated production of molecular hydrogen
    • Kimmel GA, Orlando TM. 1996. Observation of negative ion resonances in amorphous ice via low-energy (5-40 eV) electron-stimulated production of molecular hydrogen. Phys Rev Lett 77:3983-3986.
    • (1996) Phys Rev Lett , vol.77 , pp. 3983-3986
    • Kimmel, G.A.1    Orlando, T.M.2
  • 40
    • 36449000362 scopus 로고
    • Low-energy electron-stimulated production of molecular hydrogen from amorphous water ice
    • Kimmel GA, Orlando TM, Vézina C, Sanche L. 1994. Low-energy electron-stimulated production of molecular hydrogen from amorphous water ice. J Chem Phys 101: 3282-3286.
    • (1994) J Chem Phys , vol.101 , pp. 3282-3286
    • Kimmel, G.A.1    Orlando, T.M.2    Vézina, C.3    Sanche, L.4
  • 41
    • 0031558331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-energy (5-40 eV) electron stimulated desorption of atomic hydrogen and metastable emission from amorphous ice
    • Kimmel GA, Orlando TM, Cloutier P, Sanche L. 1997. Low-energy (5-40 eV) electron stimulated desorption of atomic hydrogen and metastable emission from amorphous ice. J Phys Chem 101:6301-6308.
    • (1997) J Phys Chem , vol.101 , pp. 6301-6308
    • Kimmel, G.A.1    Orlando, T.M.2    Cloutier, P.3    Sanche, L.4
  • 42
    • 0032891585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Halogen anion formation in 5-halo-uracil films: X rays vs. subionization electrons
    • Klyachko DV, Huels MA, Sanche L. 1999. Halogen anion formation in 5-halo-uracil films: X rays vs. subionization electrons. Radiation Res 151:177-187.
    • (1999) Radiation Res , vol.151 , pp. 177-187
    • Klyachko, D.V.1    Huels, M.A.2    Sanche, L.3
  • 43
    • 0000224324 scopus 로고
    • The adsorption of water on Pt(1 1 1) studied by IR-Reflection and UV-Photoemission spectroscopy
    • Langenbach E, Spitzer A, Luth H. 1984. The adsorption of water on Pt(111) studied by IR-Reflection and UV-Photoemission spectroscopy. Surf Sci 147:179-190.
    • (1984) Surf Sci , vol.147 , pp. 179-190
    • Langenbach, E.1    Spitzer, A.2    Luth, H.3
  • 44
    • 0028960975 scopus 로고
    • Electron energy-loss distributions in solid, dry DNA
    • La Verne JA, Pimblott SM. 1995. Electron energy-loss distributions in solid, dry DNA. Radiat Res 141:208-215.
    • (1995) Radiat Res , vol.141 , pp. 208-215
    • La Verne, J.A.1    Pimblott, S.M.2
  • 45
    • 0029091601 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical study of the electronic spectra of uracil and thymine
    • Lorentzon J, Fulsher MP, Roos BO. 1995. Theoretical study of the electronic spectra of uracil and thymine. J Am Chem Soc 117:9265-9273.
    • (1995) J Am Chem Soc , vol.117 , pp. 9265-9273
    • Lorentzon, J.1    Fulsher, M.P.2    Roos, B.O.3
  • 46
    • 36549094254 scopus 로고
    • Low energy electron transmission method for measuring charge trapping in dielectric films
    • Marsolais RM, Deschênes M, Sanche L. 1989. Low energy electron transmission method for measuring charge trapping in dielectric films. Rev Scient Instr 60:2724-2732.
    • (1989) Rev Scient Instr , vol.60 , pp. 2724-2732
    • Marsolais, R.M.1    Deschênes, M.2    Sanche, L.3
  • 48
    • 0000193355 scopus 로고
    • Ab initio calculations on cytosine, thymine and adenine
    • Mely B, Pullman A. 1969. Ab initio calculations on cytosine, thymine and adenine. Theor Chim Acta 13:278-284.
    • (1969) Theor Chim Acta , vol.13 , pp. 278-284
    • Mely, B.1    Pullman, A.2
  • 50
    • 0001656592 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of electron stimulated desorplion of protons from water-gas chemisorbed and ice phases
    • Noell JO, Melius CF, Stulen RH. 1985. Mechanism of electron stimulated desorplion of protons from water-gas chemisorbed and ice phases. Surf Sci 157:119-150.
    • (1985) Surf Sci , vol.157 , pp. 119-150
    • Noell, J.O.1    Melius, C.F.2    Stulen, R.H.3
  • 52
    • 0001535407 scopus 로고
    • Resonances in electron-scattering by molecules on surface
    • Palmer RE, Rous P. 1992. Resonances in electron-scattering by molecules on surface. Rev Mod Phys 64:383-440.
    • (1992) Rev Mod Phys , vol.64 , pp. 383-440
    • Palmer, R.E.1    Rous, P.2
  • 53
    • 0344447515 scopus 로고
    • Ph.D. thesis, Université de Lausanne
    • Patthey L. 1995. Ph.D. thesis, Université de Lausanne.
    • (1995)
    • Patthey, L.1
  • 54
    • 0006163257 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneously organized molecular assemblies: 4. Structural characterization of normal alkyl thiol monolayers on gold by optical ellipsometry infrared spectroscopy and electrochemistry
    • Porter MD, Bright TB, Allara DL, Chidsey CED. 1987. Spontaneously organized molecular assemblies: 4. Structural characterization of normal alkyl thiol monolayers on gold by optical ellipsometry infrared spectroscopy and electrochemistry. J Am Chem Soc 109:3559-3568.
    • (1987) J Am Chem Soc , vol.109 , pp. 3559-3568
    • Porter, M.D.1    Bright, T.B.2    Allara, D.L.3    Chidsey, C.E.D.4
  • 58
    • 0002191674 scopus 로고
    • Primary interactions of low-energy electrons in condensed matter
    • Jay-Gerin J-P, Ferradini C, editors. Boca Raton: CRC Press
    • Sanche L. 1991. Primary interactions of low-energy electrons in condensed matter. In: Jay-Gerin J-P, Ferradini C, editors. Excess electrons in dielectric media. Boca Raton: CRC Press, p 1-42.
    • (1991) Excess Electrons in Dielectric Media , pp. 1-42
    • Sanche, L.1
  • 59
    • 0029562907 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of low-energy electrons with atomic and molecular solids
    • Sanche L. 1995. Interaction of low-energy electrons with atomic and molecular solids. Scanning Microsc 9:619-656.
    • (1995) Scanning Microsc , vol.9 , pp. 619-656
    • Sanche, L.1
  • 60
    • 0033743639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electron resonances in desorption induced by electronic transitions
    • Sanche L. 2000. Electron resonances in desorption induced by electronic transitions. Surf Sci 451:82-90.
    • (2000) Surf Sci , vol.451 , pp. 82-90
    • Sanche, L.1
  • 61
    • 0001657289 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of charge trapping at a dielectric surface
    • Sanche L, Deschênes M. 1988. Mechanisms of charge trapping at a dielectric surface. Phys Rev Lett 61:2096-2098.
    • (1988) Phys Rev Lett , vol.61 , pp. 2096-2098
    • Sanche, L.1    Deschênes, M.2
  • 62
    • 35949028579 scopus 로고
    • Resonances in electron impact on atoms
    • Schulz GJ. 1973. Resonances in electron impact on atoms. Rev Mod Phys 45:378-422 ; resonances in electron impact on diatomic molecules, ibid 45:423-486.
    • (1973) Rev Mod Phys , vol.45 , pp. 378-422
    • Schulz, G.J.1
  • 63
    • 22244433042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resonances in electron impact on diatomic molecules
    • Schulz GJ. 1973. Resonances in electron impact on atoms. Rev Mod Phys 45:378-422 ; resonances in electron impact on diatomic molecules, ibid 45:423-486.
    • Rev Mod Phys , vol.45 , pp. 423-486
  • 65
    • 0032490718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 on icy satellites by electronic excitation of low-temperature water ice
    • 2 on icy satellites by electronic excitation of low-temperature water ice. Nature 394:554-556.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.394 , pp. 554-556
    • Sieger, M.T.1    Simpson, W.C.2    Orlando, T.M.3
  • 66
    • 0001092568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociative electron attachment in nanoscale ice films: Temperature and morphology effects
    • Simpson WC, Sieger MT, Orlando TM, Parenteau L, Nagesha K, Sanche L. 1997. Dissociative electron attachment in nanoscale ice films: Temperature and morphology effects. J Chem Phys 107:8668-8677.
    • (1997) J Chem Phys , vol.107 , pp. 8668-8677
    • Simpson, W.C.1    Sieger, M.T.2    Orlando, T.M.3    Parenteau, L.4    Nagesha, K.5    Sanche, L.6
  • 67
    • 0000226050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociative electron attachment in ice films: Thickness and charge trapping effects
    • Simpson WC, Orlando TM, Parenteau L, Nagesha K, Sanche L. 1998. Dissociative electron attachment in ice films: Thickness and charge trapping effects. J Chem Phys 108:5027-5034.
    • (1998) J Chem Phys , vol.108 , pp. 5027-5034
    • Simpson, W.C.1    Orlando, T.M.2    Parenteau, L.3    Nagesha, K.4    Sanche, L.5
  • 69
    • 0000226863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociative electron attachment in cyclopentanone, gamma-butyrolactone, ethylene carbonate, and ethylene carbonate-d(4): Role of dipole-bound resonances
    • Stepanovic M, Pariat Y, Allan M. 1999. Dissociative electron attachment in cyclopentanone, gamma-butyrolactone, ethylene carbonate, and ethylene carbonate-d(4): Role of dipole-bound resonances. J Chem Phys 110:11376-11382.
    • (1999) J Chem Phys , vol.110 , pp. 11376-11382
    • Stepanovic, M.1    Pariat, Y.2    Allan, M.3
  • 72
    • 0025209825 scopus 로고
    • The heptad repeat in the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II binds by intercalating into DNA
    • Suzuki M. 1990. The heptad repeat in the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II binds by intercalating into DNA. Nature 344:562-565.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.344 , pp. 562-565
    • Suzuki, M.1
  • 74
    • 0001511396 scopus 로고
    • Scattering of slow electrons by molecules
    • Takayanagi K. 1967. Scattering of slow electrons by molecules. Prog Theor Phys Suppl Jpn 40:216-248.
    • (1967) Prog Theor Phys Suppl Jpn , vol.40 , pp. 216-248
    • Takayanagi, K.1
  • 77
    • 0028785254 scopus 로고
    • The solution structure of the human ETS1-DNA complex reveals a novel mode of binding and true side chain intercalation
    • Werner MH, Clore GM, Fisher CL, Fisher RJ, Trinh L, Shiloach J, Gronenborg AM. 1995. The solution structure of the human ETS1-DNA complex reveals a novel mode of binding and true side chain intercalation. Cell 83:761-771.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.83 , pp. 761-771
    • Werner, M.H.1    Clore, G.M.2    Fisher, C.L.3    Fisher, R.J.4    Trinh, L.5    Shiloach, J.6    Gronenborg, A.M.7
  • 79
    • 0000857172 scopus 로고
    • Ultraviolet photoelectron studied of biological pyrimidines - Valence electronic-structure of cytosine
    • Yu C, Peng S, Akayama I, Lin J, LeBreton PR. 1978. Ultraviolet photoelectron studied of biological pyrimidines - Valence electronic-structure of cytosine. J Am Chem Soc 100:2303-2307.
    • (1978) J Am Chem Soc , vol.100 , pp. 2303-2307
    • Yu, C.1    Peng, S.2    Akayama, I.3    Lin, J.4    LeBreton, P.R.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.