Justice and moral regeneration: Lessons from the Treaty of Versailles

International Studies Review

Volumn 4, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 3-25

  Lu, Catherine ^a  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PEACE PROCESS; POLITICAL HISTORY; TWENTIETH CENTURY; WAR;

EID: 0036766158     PISSN: 15219488     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1521-9488.t01-1-00261     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Ovid, The Metamorphoses of Ovid, trans. Allen Mandelbaum (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1993), pp. 6-12.
2. The Treaty of Versaillles and After: Annotations of the Text of the Treaty (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of State, 1947), p. 39
3. "Reply of the Allied and Associated Powers to the Observations of the German Delegation on the Conditions of Peace, and Ultimatum," June 16, 1919, in The Treaty of Versailles and After, p. 49.
4. George A. Finch, "The Peace Negotiations with Germany," American Journal of International Law 13, No. 3 (1919), pp. 536-557, esp. p. 537.
5. Gordon Martel, "A Comment," in Manfred F. Boemeke, Gerald D. Feldman, and Elisabeth Glaser, eds., The Treaty of Versailles: A Reassessment after 75 Years (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1998), p. 624.
6. George F. Kennan, At a Century's Ending: Reflections 1982-1995 (New York: W. W. Norton, 1996), pp. 16, 18.
7. Robert Gilpin, "The richness of the tradition of political realism" Robert O. Keohane, ed., Neorealism and Its Critics (New York: Columbia University Press, 1986), p. 304.
8. Stephen D. Krasner, "A World Court That Could Backfire," New York Times, January 15, 2001.
9. Robert I. Rotberg and Dennis Thompson, eds., Truth vs. Justice: The Morality of Truth Commissions (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2000).
10. Dennis Cooley, From Restorative Justice to Transformative Justice (Ottawa: Law Commission of Canada, 1999).
11. Ruti Teitel, Transitional Justice (Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 2000).
12. Gordon Martel, The Origins of the First World War, 2d ed. (New York: Longman, 1996), p. 41
13. Elazar Barkan, The Guilt of Nations: Restitution and Negotiating Historical Injusties (New York: W. W. Norton, 2000).
14. D. Miller and N. Vidmar, "The Social Psychology of Punishment Reactions," in Melvin J. Lerner and Sally C. Lerner, eds., The Justice Motive in Social Behavior: Adapting to Times of Scarcity and Change (New York: Plenum Press, 1981), pp. 145-167.
15. Melvin J. Lerner, "The Justice Motive in Human Relations," in Lerner and Lerner, eds., The Justice Motive in Social Behavior, pp. 12-13.
16. Plato, The Republic of Plato, 2d ed., trans. Allan Bloom (New York: Basic Books, 1991), Book 4, 440c, p. 120.
17. Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan (Markham, Ontario: Penguin, 1986), ch. 15, pp. 210-211.
18. David A. Welch, Justice and the Genesis of War (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1993), p. 20.
19. Herodotus, The Histories, trans. Aubrey De Sélincourt (Toronto: Penguin, 1996), p. 3-4.
20. John Keegan, The First World War (Toronto: Vintage Canada, 2000), p. 3
21. Aeschylus' dramatic trilogy, Oresteia: Agamemnon, The Libation Bearers, The Eumenides, trans. Richmond Lattimore (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1953).
22. Gordon A. Craig and Alexander L. George, Force and Statecraft: Diplomatic Problems of Our Time, 2d ed. (Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1990), pp. 50, 51.
23. Jean Hampton, "The Retributive Idea," in Jeffrie G. Murphy and Jean Hampton, eds., Forgiveness and Mercy (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1988), p. 135.
24. G.W.F. Hegel, Hegel's Philosophy of Right, trans. T.M. Knox (Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1967), pp. 68-74.
25. Amy Gutmann and Dennis Thompson, "The Moral Foundations of Truth Commissions," in Rotberg and Thompson, eds., Truth vs. Justice, p. 42.
26. Jean Hampton, "Forgiveness, Resentment and Hatred," in Murphy and Hampton, eds., Forgiveness and Mercy, pp. 35-87.
27. George Orwell, "Revenge Is Sour," in The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell, vol. 4, In Front of Your Nose 1945-1950, (London: Secker and Warburg, 1968), pp. 4-5.
28. John Maynard Keynes, "Proposals for the Reconstruction of Europe (1919)" in his Essays in Persuasion (New York: W.W. Norton, 1963), pp. 17-18.
29. Albrecht-Carrie, "Versailles Twenty Years After," Political Science Quarterly 55, No. 1 (1940), p. 21.
30. Geoffrey Robertson, Crimes against Humanity: The Struggle for Global Justice (New York: New Press, 1999), pp. 210-211.
31. Robert Graves, Goodbye to All That (Toronto: Doubleday, 1957), pp. 183-185.
32. E. H. Carr, International Relations between the Two World Wars (1919-1939) (London: Macmillan, 1965), p. 48.
33. H.B. Acton, ed., The Philosophy of Punishment (London: Macmillan, 1969).
34. Daniel Cappon, "Punishment and the Person," Ethics 67, No. 3 (1957), p. 188.
35. Manley O. Hudson, "Membership in the League of Nations," American Journal of International Law 18, No. 3 (1924), pp. 436-458.
36. Hans Mommsen, The Rise and Fall of Weimar Democracy, trans. Elborg Forster and Larry Eugene Jones (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996). p. 107.
37. Robert Lansing, "Some Legal Questions of the Peace Conference," American Journal of International Law 13, No. 4 (1919), pp. 631-650.
38. Leon Friedman, ed., The Law of War: A Documentary History (New York: Random House, 1972), pp. 204-256, 270-397.
39. Fritz Klein, "Between Compiègne and Versailles: The Germans on the Way from a Misunderstood Defeat to an Unwanted Peace," in Boemeke, Feldman, and Glaser, eds., The Treaty of Versailles, p. 220.
40. Elizabeth Kiss, "Moral Ambitions within and beyond Political Constraints: Reflections on Restorative Justice," in Rotberg and Thompson, eds., Truth vs. Justice, p. 72.
41. Martha Minow, "The Hope for Healing: What Can Truth Commissions Do?" in Rotberg and Thompson, eds., Truth vs. Justice, pp. 234-260.
42. Rajeev Bhargava, "Restoring Decency to Barbaric Societies," in Rotberg and Thompson, eds., Truth vs. Justice, p. 59.
43. José Zalaquett, "Balancing Ethical Imperatives and Political Constraints: The Dilemma of New Democracies Confronting Past Human Rights Violations," Hastings Law Journal 43 (1992), at p. 1437.
44. Judith Herman, Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror (New York: Basic Books, 1997), p. 1.
45. Ariel Dorfman, "History Will Now Remember Pinochet in One Way Only," Globe and Mail, September 28 1999, A13.
46. Jonathan Allen, "Balancing Justice and Social Unity: Political Theory and the Idea of a Truth and Reconciliation Commission," University of Toronto Law Journal 49, No. 3 (1999), p. 317.
47. Antjie Krog, Country of My Skull: Guilt, Sorrow and the Limits of Forgiveness in the New South Africa (New York: Three Rivers Press, 1999), p. 142.
48. E. H. Carr, Conditions of Peace (London: Macmillan, 1944), p. xviii.
49. David E. Sanger, "Huge Crowd in Hanoi for Clinton, Who Speaks of 'Shared Suffering,'" New York Times, November 18, 2000.
50. Robert S. McNamara, James G. Blight, and Robert Brigham, Argument without End: Searching for Answers to the Vietnam Tragedy (New York: Public Affairs, 1999).
51. Peter E. Digeser, Political Forgiveness (New York: Cornell University Press, 2001).
52. Winston Churchill, The World Crisis (London: Longmans, Green, 1938), p. 50.
53. Erna Paris, Long Shadows: Truth, Lies and History (Toronto: Knopf, 2000), p. 464.
54. William Lyons, Emotions (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1980).
55. Aristotle, The Nichomachean Ethnics, trans. J. A. K. Thomson (Markham, Ontario: Penguin, 1953), p. 109.
56. Martha Minow, Between Vengeance and Forgiveness: Facing History after Genocide and Mass Violence (Boston: Beacon Press, 1998).
57. Jay Winter, Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning: The Great War in European Cultural History (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1995).
58. Pat Barker, Regeneration (Toronto: Penguin, 1991).