Woody debris and channel morphology in first- and second-order forested channels in Washington's coast ranges

Water Resources Research

Volumn 38, Issue 9, 2002, Pages 16-1-16-14

  Jackson, C Rhett ^a   Sturm, Christopher A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

^b Water Resources Division   (United States)

Author keywords

Geomorphology; Headwaters; Large woody debris; Small streams

Indexed keywords

DEBRIS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; MORPHOLOGY; STREAM FLOW; TIMBER;

SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS;

WATER RESOURCES;

CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY; FORESTED CATCHMENT; STREAM; WOODY DEBRIS;

UNITED STATES; WASHINGTON;

EID: 0036761114     PISSN: 00431397     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2001wr001138     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Abrahams, A. D., G. Li, and J. F. Atkinson, Step-pool streams: Adjustment to maximum flow resistance, Water Resour. Res., 31, 2593-2602, 1995.
2. Andrus, C. W., B. A. Long, and H. A. Froehlich, Woody debris and its contribution to pool formation in a coastal stream 50 years after logging, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 45, 2080-2086, 1988.
3. Beechie, T. J., and T. H. Sibley, Relationships between channel characteristics, woody debris, and fish habitat in northwestern Washington streams, Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 126, 217-229, 1997.
4. Benda, L., and T. Dunne, Sediment routing by debris flows, in Erosion and Sedimentation in the Pacific Rim, edited by R. L. Beschta et al., IAHS Publ., 159, 213-223, 1987.
5. Benda, L., and T. Dunne, Stochastic forcing of sediment supply to channel networks from landsliding and debris flow, Water Resour. Res., 33, 2849-2863, 1997.
6. Benda, L., D. Miller, D. J. Martin, R. E. Bilby, and C. Veldhuisen, Wood budgeting: Quantitative theory, field practice, and modeling, in Wood in World Rivers, Am. Fish. Soc., Bethesda, Md., in press, 2002.
7. Bevenger, G. S., and R. M. King, A pebble count procedure for assessing watershed cumulative effects, U.S. Dep. Agric. For. Serv. Res. Pap., RMRP-319, 1995.
8. Bilby, R. E., and P. A. Bisson, Function and distribution of large woody debris, in River Ecology and Management: Lessons From the Pacific Coastal Ecoregion, edited by R. J. Naiman and R. E. Bilby, pp. 324-346, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1998.
9. Bilby, R. E., and J. W. Ward, Changes in characteristics and function of woody debris with increasing size of streams in western Washington, Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 118, 368-378, 1989.
10. Bilby, R. E., and J. W. Ward, Characteristics and function of large woody debris in streams draining old-growth, clear-cut, and second-growth forests in southwestern Washington, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 48, 2499-2508, 1991.
11. Chesney, C., Functions of wood in small, steep streams in eastern Washington: Summary of results for project activity in the Ahtanum, Cowiche, and Tieton basins, TFW Effectiveness Monitoring Rep. TFW-MAGI-00-002, Wash. Dep. of Nat. Resoun., Olympia, 2000.
12. Fetherston, K. L., R. J. Naiman, and R. E. Bilby, Large woody debris, physical process, and riparian forest development in montane river networks of the Pacific Northwest, Geomoprhology, 13, 133-144, 1995.
13. Froehlich, H. A., Natural and man-caused slash in headwater streams, Logger's Handb., 33, 15-17, 66, 68, 70, 82, 84, 86, 1973.
14. Heede, B. H., Influences of a forest on the hydraulic geometry of two mountain streams, Water Resour. Bull., 8, 523-530, 1972.
15. Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team, Recovery of wild salmonids in western Oregon forests: Oregon forest practices rules and the measures in the Oregon plan for salmon and watersheds, Tech. Rep. 1999-1, Gov. Nat. Resour. Off., Salem, Oreg., 1999.
16. Jackson, C. R., C. A. Sturm, and J. M. Ward, Timber harvest impacts on small headwater stream channels in the Coast Ranges of Washington, J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc., 37, 1533-1549, 2001.
17. Keller, E. A., and F. J. Swanson, Effects of large organic material on channel form and fluvial processes, Earth Surf Proc., 4, 361-380, 1979.
18. Keller, E. A., and T. Tally, Effects of large organic debris on channel form and fluvial processes in the coastal redwood environment, in Adjustments of the Fluvial System, edited by D. P. Rhodes and G. P. Williams, pp. 169-177, Kendall/Hunt, Dubuque, Iowa, 1979.
19. Lienkaemper, G. W., and F. J. Swanson, Dynamics of large woody debris in streams in old-growth Douglas fir forests, Can. J. For. Res., 17, 150-156, 1987.
20. Liquori, M. K., Riparian processes associated with buffer edges and longitudinal channel variation and implications for predicting functional response, Eos Trans. AGU, 82(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., abstract H41I-05, 2001.
21. Marston, R. A., The geomorphic significance of log steps in forest streams, Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr., 72, 99-108, 1982.
22. Martin, D. J., The influence of geomorphic factors and geographic region on large woody debris loading and fish habitat in Alaska coastal streams, North Am. J. Fish. Manage., 21, 429-440, 2001.
23. Martin, D. J., and L. E. Benda, Patterns of instream wood recruitment and transport at the watershed scale, Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 130, 940-958, 2001.
24. May, C. L., and R. E. Greswell, Processes and rates of sediment and wood accumulation in headwater streams of the Oregon Coast Range, U.S.A., Eos Trans. AGU, 82(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., abstract H41I-09, 2001.
25. Megahan, W. F., K. A. Seyedbagheri, and P. C. Dobson, Long-term erosion on granitic roadcuts based on exposed tree roots, Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 8(1), 19-28, 1983.
26. Montgomery, D. R., and J. M. Buffington, Channel reach morphology in mountain drainage basins, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 109, 596-611, 1997.
27. Montgomery, D. R., J. M. Buffington, R. D. Smith, K. M. Schmidt, and G. Pess, Pool spacing in forest channels, Water Resour. Res., 31, 1097-1105, 1995.
28. Montgomery, D. R., T. B. Abbe, J. M. Buffington, N. P. Peterson, K. M. Schmidt, and J. D. Stock, Distribution of bedrock and alluvial channels in forested mountain drainage basins, Nature, 381, 587-589, 1996.
29. Piegay, H., and A. M. Gurnell, Large woody debris and river geomorphological pattern: Examples from S.E. France and S. England, Geomorphology, 19, 99-116, 1997.
30. Ralph, S. C., G. C. Poole, L. L. Conquest, and R. J. Naiman, Stream channel condition and in-stream habitat in logged and unlogged basins in western Washington, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 51, 37-51, 1994.
31. Reid, L. M., and T. Dunne, Sediment production from forest road surfaces, Water Resour. Res., 20(11), 1753-1761, 1984.
32. Robison, E. G., and R. L. Beschta, Coarse woody debris and channel morphology interactions for disturbed streams in southeast Alaska, Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 15, 149-156, 1990.
33. Scarlett, W., and J. Cederholm, The response of a cutthroat trout population to a logging road caused debris torrent event in Octopus-B Creek, paper presented at Type 4 and 5 Waters Workshop, Natl. Oceanic and Atmos. Admin., Seattle, Wash., 16 Oct. 1996.
34. Smith, R. D., R. C. Sidle, and P. E. Porter, Effects on bedload transport of experimental removal of woody debris from a forest gravel-bed stream, Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 18, 455-468, 1993.
35. Swanson, F. J., and C. T. Dyrness, Impact of clearcutting and road construction on soil erosion by landslides in the western Cascade Range, Oregon, Geology, 3(7), 393-396, 1975.
36. Swanson, F. J., and G. W. Lienkaemper, Physical consequences of large organic debris in Pacific Northwest streams, U.S. For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep., PNW-69, 1978.
37. Swift, L. W., Jr., Soil losses from roadbeds and cut and fill slopes in the southern Appalachian Mountains, South. J. Appl. For., 8(4), 209-215, 1984.
38. Washington Forest Practices Board, Standard Methodology for Conducting Watershed Analysis Under Chapter 222-22 WAC, Version 3.0, Olympia, Wash., 1996.
39. Whittaker, J. G., and M. N. R. Jaeggi, Origin of step-pool systems in mountain streams, J. Hydraul. Div. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 108, 758-773, 1982.
40. Ziemer, R. R., Roots and the stability of forested slopes, 1AHS AISH Publ., 132, 343-357, 1981.
41. Ziemer, R. R., and D. N. Swanston, Root strength changes after logging in southeast Alaska, Res. Note PNW-306, 10 pp., For. Serv., U.S. Dep. of Agric., Portland, Oreg., 1977.