메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 9, 2002, Pages 567-571

Needle stick injuries in health care workers

Author keywords

Blood borne infections; Health care workes (HCWs); Needle stick injury (NSI); Universal precautions

Indexed keywords

ANTIVIRUS AGENT; HEPATITIS B ANTIBODY; HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIBODY; HEPATITIS B VACCINE;

EID: 0036756594     PISSN: 1022386X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (5)

References (71)
  • 2
    • 0030636297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical review of the literature on sharps: Epidemiology, management of exposures and prevention
    • 25
    • Hanrahan A, Reuter L. A critical review of the literature on sharps: epidemiology, management of exposures and prevention. J Adv Nurs 25; 144: 144-54.
    • J. Adv. Nurs , vol.144 , pp. 144-154
    • Hanrahan, A.1    Reuter, L.2
  • 5
    • 0020130359 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen in various population groups of NWFP
    • Khadim MI. Prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen in various population groups of NWFP. J Pakistan Med Assoc 1982; 32: 122-3.
    • (1982) J. Pakistan Med. Assoc , vol.32 , pp. 122-123
    • Khadim, M.I.1
  • 6
    • 0011345277 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen among blood donors of Islamabad
    • Kazmi K, Ghafoor A, Burney MI. Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen among blood donors of Islamabad. J Pakistan Med Res 1985; 5: 19-210
    • (1985) J. Pakistan Med. Res , vol.5 , pp. 19-210
    • Kazmi, K.1    Ghafoor, A.2    Burney, M.I.3
  • 8
    • 0034242505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sero prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV infections among college-going first time voluntary blood donors
    • Abdul Majeeb S, Aamir K, Mahmood K. Sero prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV infections among college-going first time voluntary blood donors. J Pak Med Assoc 2000; 50: 269-70.
    • (2000) J. Pak. Med. Assoc , vol.50 , pp. 269-270
    • Abdul Majeeb, S.1    Aamir, K.2    Mahmood, K.3
  • 9
    • 0035690278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sero prevalence of antibodies to Hepatitis C virus in blood donors in Sialkot
    • (letter to editor)
    • Alam M, Khan D A. Sero prevalence of antibodies to Hepatitis C virus in blood donors in Sialkot (letter to editor). J Coll physicians Surg Pakistan 2001; 11: 783
    • (2001) J. Coll. Physicians Surg. Pakistan , vol.11 , pp. 783
    • Alam, M.1    Khan, D.A.2
  • 10
    • 0030180090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of seromarkers of HBV and HCV in health care personnel and apparently health blood donors
    • Rehman K, Khan AA, Haider Z, Shahzad A, Iqbal J, Khan RU. Prevalence of seromarkers of HBV and HCV in health care personnel and apparently health blood donors. J Pak Med Assoc 1996; 46: 152-4.
    • (1996) J. Pak. Med. Assoc , vol.46 , pp. 152-154
    • Rehman, K.1    Khan, A.A.2    Haider, Z.3    Shahzad, A.4    Iqbal, J.5    Khan, R.U.6
  • 11
    • 0032939699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of antibodies to hepatitis C in dried blood spot samples from mothers and their offspring in Lahore, Pakistan
    • Parker SP, Khan HI, Cubitt WD. Detection of antibodies to hepatitis C in dried blood spot samples from mothers and their offspring in Lahore, Pakistan. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:2061-3.
    • (1999) J. Clin. Microbiol , vol.37 , pp. 2061-2063
    • Parker, S.P.1    Khan, H.I.2    Cubitt, W.D.3
  • 12
    • 0030281271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sero prevalence of HIV: Six years experience at Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore
    • Iqbal J, Rehan N. Sero prevalence of HIV: six years experience at Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. J Pak Med Assoc 1996; 46: 255-8.
    • (1996) J. Pak. Med. Assoc , vol.46 , pp. 255-258
    • Iqbal, J.1    Rehan, N.2
  • 14
    • 0035022136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response to an emerging threat: HIV/AIDS policy in Pakistan
    • Khan OA, Hyder AA. Response to an emerging threat: HIV/AIDS policy in Pakistan. Health Policy Plan 2001; 16: 214-8.
    • (2001) Health Policy Plan , vol.16 , pp. 214-218
    • Khan, O.A.1    Hyder, A.A.2
  • 15
    • 0029396539 scopus 로고
    • Needlestick/sharps injuries and HIV exposures among health care workers: National estimates based on a survey of U.S. hospitals
    • Henry K, Campbell S. Needlestick/sharps injuries and HIV exposures among health care workers: national estimates based on a survey of U.S. hospitals. Minn Med 1995; 78: 765-8.
    • (1995) Minn. Med , vol.78 , pp. 765-768
    • Henry, K.1    Campbell, S.2
  • 16
    • 0004121615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure prevention information network data reports
    • EPINet University of Virginia: International Health Care Worker Safety Center. Accessed on in 03/12/2001. Available from: URL
    • EPINet (1999). Exposure prevention information network data reports. University of Virginia: International Health Care Worker Safety Center. Accessed on in 03/12/2001. Available from: URL: http://www.med.virginia.edu/epinet
    • (1999)
  • 17
    • 0011350395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deadly Needles: Health care workers contact deadly diseases; Needle stick with unsterile syringes-a common occurrence in developing countries
    • Carlson W, Deadly Needles: Health care workers contact deadly diseases; Needle stick with unsterile syringes-a common occurrence in developing countries. San Francisco Chronicle 1998; 2: 23-4.
    • (1998) San Francisco Chronicle , vol.2 , pp. 23-24
    • Carlson, W.1
  • 18
    • 0031916181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency of parenteral exposure and sero prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV among operation room personnel
    • Mujeeb SA, Khatri Y, Khanani R. Frequency of parenteral exposure and sero prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV among operation room personnel. J Hosp Infect 1998; 38:133-7.
    • (1998) J. Hosp. Infect , vol.38 , pp. 133-137
    • Mujeeb, S.A.1    Khatri, Y.2    Khanani, R.3
  • 19
    • 0029061234 scopus 로고
    • Risk of accidental exposure to blood in the operating room: Results of a multicenter prospective study
    • Johant H, Antona D, Bouvet E. Risk of accidental exposure to blood in the operating room: results of a multicenter prospective study. Ann Chir 1995; 49:403-410.
    • (1995) Ann. Chir , vol.49 , pp. 403-410
    • Johant, H.1    Antona, D.2    Bouvet, E.3
  • 20
    • 0036188165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Student nurses in Taiwan at high risk for needle stick injuries
    • Shiao JS, Melaws ML, Huang KY, Guo YL. Student nurses in Taiwan at high risk for needle stick injuries. Ann Epidemiol 2002; 126: 197-201.
    • (2002) Ann. Epidemiol , vol.126 , pp. 197-201
    • Shiao, J.S.1    Melaws, M.L.2    Huang, K.Y.3    Guo, Y.L.4
  • 21
    • 0002255429 scopus 로고
    • Under reporting of accidental exposures to blood and other body fluids in health care setting: An alarming situation
    • Roy E, Robillard P. Under reporting of accidental exposures to blood and other body fluids in health care setting: an alarming situation. Adv Exposure Prev 1995; 1: 11-3.
    • (1995) Adv. Exposure Prev , vol.1 , pp. 11-13
    • Roy, E.1    Robillard, P.2
  • 22
    • 0027506782 scopus 로고
    • Decline of clinical hepatitis B in workers at a general hospital: Relation to increasing vaccine induced immunity
    • DeAzevedo MS, Cardoso DD, Cannon CG, DeRonde MM. Decline of clinical hepatitis B in workers at a general hospital: relation to increasing vaccine induced immunity. Clin Infect Dis 1993; 16: 10-4.
    • (1993) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.16 , pp. 10-14
    • DeAzevedo, M.S.1    Cardoso, D.D.2    Cannon, C.G.3    DeRonde, M.M.4
  • 23
    • 0011296911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A survey of hepatitis B among health care workers in Jamaica
    • Figueroa JP, Carpenter H, Hospedales CJ. A survey of hepatitis B among health care workers in Jamaica. Intervirology 1998; 41: 17-23.
    • (1998) Intervirology , vol.41 , pp. 17-23
    • Figueroa, J.P.1    Carpenter, H.2    Hospedales, C.J.3
  • 24
    • 0027343647 scopus 로고
    • Occupational exposure to hepatitis B virus in hospital personnel at a Naval Medical Centre "Cirujano Mayor Santiago Tavara"
    • Mejia Aliag AP. Occupational exposure to hepatitis B virus in hospital personnel at a Naval Medical Centre "Cirujano Mayor Santiago Tavara". Gastroenterol Peru 1993; 13: 20-7.
    • (1993) Gastroenterol. Peru , vol.13 , pp. 20-27
    • Mejia Aliag, A.P.1
  • 25
    • 0030567134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seroprevalence of markers of viral hepatitis A, B and C in hospital personnel at the Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital Centre
    • Djeriri K, Fontana L, Laurichesse H et al. Seroprevalence of markers of viral hepatitis A, B and C in hospital personnel at the Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital Centre. Presse Med 1996; 25: 145-50.
    • (1996) Presse Med , vol.25 , pp. 145-150
    • Djeriri, K.1    Fontana, L.2    Laurichesse, H.3
  • 26
    • 0029014466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Universal precautions for the prevention of HIV and HBV infection in health care settings
    • Committee for Science and Education, Medical association of South Africa
    • Universal precautions for the prevention of HIV and HBV infection in health care settings. Committee for Science and Education, Medical association of South Africa 1996; 85: 381-3.
    • (1996) , vol.85 , pp. 381-383
  • 28
    • 0033491498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of hepatitis B-core antibodies amongst health care workers
    • Mahmmod A, Zahur UR. Prevalence of hepatitis B-core antibodies amongst health care workers. J Coll physicians Surg Pakistan 1999; 9: 529-31.
    • (1999) J. Coll. Physicians Surg. Pakistan , vol.9 , pp. 529-531
    • Mahmmod, A.1    Zahur, U.R.2
  • 29
    • 0028297821 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus infection in health care workers in Stockholm
    • Struve J, Aronsson B, Frenning B, Forsgren M, Weiland O. Prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus infection in health care workers in Stockholm. Scand J Gastroenterol 1994; 29; 360-2.
    • (1994) Scand. J. Gastroenterol , vol.29 , pp. 360-362
    • Struve, J.1    Aronsson, B.2    Frenning, B.3    Forsgren, M.4    Weiland, O.5
  • 30
    • 0032538246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for the prevention and control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and HCV-related chronic disease
    • CDC (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention)
    • CDC (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention). Recommendations for the prevention and control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and HCV-related chronic disease. MMWR 1998; 47: 1-39.
    • (1998) MMWR , vol.47 , pp. 1-39
  • 31
    • 0027249169 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection among health care personnel in a community hospital
    • Polish LB, Tong MJ, Co RL, Coleman PJ, Alter MJ. Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection among health care personnel in a community hospital. Am J Infect Control 1993; 21: 196-200.
    • (1993) Am. J. Infect. Control , vol.21 , pp. 196-200
    • Polish, L.B.1    Tong, M.J.2    Co, R.L.3    Coleman, P.J.4    Alter, M.J.5
  • 33
    • 0011296912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CDR Weekly, Communicable Disease Report
    • CDR Weekly, Communicable Disease Report 2000; 10:1-13.
    • (2000) , vol.10 , pp. 1-13
  • 34
    • 0003193522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. HIV and AIDS cases reported through December 1998
    • CDC (Centres of Disease Control and Prevention)
    • CDC (Centres of Disease Control and Prevention) U.S. HIV and AIDS cases reported through December 1998. HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report 1998; 10:26.
    • (1998) HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report , vol.10 , pp. 26
  • 36
    • 0027996992 scopus 로고
    • Incidence and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and cytomegalo virus among health care personnel at a risk of blood exposure: A final report from a longitudinal study
    • Gerberding JL. Incidence and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and cytomegalo virus among health care personnel at a risk of blood exposure: a final report from a longitudinal study. J infect Dis 1994; 170:1410-7.
    • (1994) J. Infect. Dis , vol.170 , pp. 1410-1417
    • Gerberding, J.L.1
  • 37
    • 0031587492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunization of health care workers: Recommendations of Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory committee (HICPAC)
    • CDC (Centres of Disease Control and Prevention)
    • CDC (Centres of Disease Control and Prevention). Immunization of health care workers: Recommendations of Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory committee (HICPAC). MMWR 1997; 46: 1-42.
    • (1997) MMWR , vol.46 , pp. 1-42
  • 38
    • 0030777565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupational risk of hepatitis C virus infection after accidental exposure
    • Serra C, Torres M, Campins M. Occupational risk of hepatitis C virus infection after accidental exposure. J Hepatol 1997; 27: 1139.
    • (1997) J. Hepatol , vol.27 , pp. 1139
    • Serra, C.1    Torres, M.2    Campins, M.3
  • 39
    • 0025808244 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C in hospital employees with needlestick injuries
    • Kiyosawa K, Sodeyama T, Tanaka E, et al. Hepatitis C in hospital employees with needlestick injuries. Ann Intern Med 1991; 115:367-9.
    • (1991) Ann. Intern. Med , vol.115 , pp. 367-369
    • Kiyosawa, K.1    Sodeyama, T.2    Tanaka, E.3
  • 40
    • 0026575075 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis C after needle stick injuries
    • Manian FA. Hepatitis C after needle stick injuries. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116:345-6.
    • (1992) Ann. Intern. Med , vol.116 , pp. 345-346
    • Manian, F.A.1
  • 41
    • 16544379964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of acute and chronic hepatitis C
    • Alter MJ. The epidemiology of acute and chronic hepatitis C. Clin Liver Dis 1997; 1: 559-569.
    • (1997) Clin. Liver Dis , vol.1 , pp. 559-569
    • Alter, M.J.1
  • 42
    • 0029859366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of hepatitis C infection after needlestick accidents
    • Arai Y, Noda K, Enomoto N, Aria K, Yamada Y, Suzuki K et al. A prospective study of hepatitis C infection after needlestick accidents. Liver 1996; 16: 331-4.
    • (1996) Liver , vol.16 , pp. 331-334
    • Arai, Y.1    Noda, K.2    Enomoto, N.3    Aria, K.4    Yamada, Y.5    Suzuki, K.6
  • 43
    • 0345034580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of hepatitis C virus Transmission to surgeons and nurses from infected patients: Model-based estimates in France
    • Yazdanpanah Y, Boelle PY, Carret F et al. Risk of hepatitis C virus Transmission to surgeons and nurses from infected patients: model-based estimates in France. J Hepatol 1999; 30: 765-9.
    • (1999) J. Hepatol , vol.30 , pp. 765-769
    • Yazdanpanah, Y.1    Boelle, P.Y.2    Carret, F.3
  • 44
    • 0027996992 scopus 로고
    • Incidence and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and cytomegalo virus among health care personnel at a risk of blood exposure: A final report from a longitudinal study
    • Gerberding JL. Incidence and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and cytomegalo virus among health care personnel at a risk of blood exposure: a final report from a longitudinal study. J infect Dis 1994; 170:1410-7.
    • (1994) J. Infect. Dis , vol.170 , pp. 1410-1417
    • Gerberding, J.L.1
  • 45
    • 0033006076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupational human immunodeficiency virus infection in health care workers: Worldwide cases through September 1997
    • Ippolito G, Puro, V, Heptonstall J, Jagger J, De Carli G, Petrosillo N. Occupational human immunodeficiency virus infection in health care workers: worldwide cases through September 1997. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 28: 365-83.
    • (1999) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.28 , pp. 365-383
    • Ippolito, G.1    Puro, V.2    Heptonstall, J.3    Jagger, J.4    De Carli, G.5    Petrosillo, N.6
  • 46
  • 47
    • 0028955599 scopus 로고
    • Audit of incidents of exposure to blood
    • Cockcroft A, Zukerman J, Odegbami Y. Audit of incidents of exposure to blood. BMJ 1995; 310:465-7.
    • (1995) BMJ , vol.310 , pp. 465-467
    • Cockcroft, A.1    Zukerman, J.2    Odegbami, Y.3
  • 48
    • 0034117912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sharps and needlestick injuries: The impact of hepatitis B vaccination as an intervention measure
    • Ling ML, Wee M, Chan YH. Sharps and needlestick injuries: the impact of hepatitis B vaccination as an intervention measure. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2000; 29: 86-9.
    • (2000) Ann. Acad. Med. Singapore , vol.29 , pp. 86-89
    • Ling, M.L.1    Wee, M.2    Chan, Y.H.3
  • 50
    • 0033491498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of hepatitis B-core antibodies amongst health care workers
    • Mahmood A, Rehman ZU. Prevalence of hepatitis B-core antibodies amongst health care workers. J Coll Physicians Surg Pakistan 1999; 9: 529-31.
    • (1999) J. Coll. Physicians Surg. Pakistan , vol.9 , pp. 529-531
    • Mahmood, A.1    Rehman, Z.U.2
  • 51
    • 0023676210 scopus 로고
    • Rates of needle stick injury caused by various devices in a university hospital
    • Jagger J, Hunt EH, Brand-Elnaggar J, Pearson RD. Rates of needle stick injury caused by various devices in a university hospital. N Engl. J Med 1988; 4:284-8.
    • (1988) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.4 , pp. 284-288
    • Jagger, J.1    Hunt, E.H.2    Brand-Elnaggar, J.3    Pearson, R.D.4
  • 53
    • 0020512755 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of accidental needle puncture wounds in hospital workers
    • Ruben FL, Norden CW, Rockwell K, Hruska A. Epidemiology of accidental needle puncture wounds in hospital workers. Am J Med Sci 1983; 286:26-30.
    • (1983) Am. J. Med. Sci , vol.286 , pp. 26-30
    • Ruben, F.L.1    Norden, C.W.2    Rockwell, K.3    Hruska, A.4
  • 54
    • 0023113330 scopus 로고
    • Effect of changing needle disposal systems on needle puncture injuries
    • Krasinski K, LaCouture R, Holzman RS. Effect of changing needle disposal systems on needle puncture injuries. Infect Control 1987; 8: 175-82.
    • (1987) Infect. Control , vol.8 , pp. 175-182
    • Krasinski, K.1    LaCouture, R.2    Holzman, R.S.3
  • 55
    • 0007525761 scopus 로고
    • Occupational safety and Health Administration: Final rule on Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne pathogens
    • 29 CFR 1910.1030; 56 Fed Reg. 64004
    • 29 CFR 1910.1030; Occupational safety and Health Administration: final rule on Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne pathogens. 56 Fed Reg. 64004 (1991).
    • (1991)
  • 56
    • 0000006008 scopus 로고
    • Perspective in disease prevention and health promotion update. Universal precautions for prevention of transmission of HIV, HBV and other bloodborne pathogens in health care settings
    • CDC (Centers of Disease Control)
    • CDC (Centers of Disease Control) Perspective in disease prevention and health promotion update. Universal precautions for prevention of transmission of HIV, HBV and other bloodborne pathogens in health care settings. MMWR 1988; 37:24.
    • (1988) MMWR , vol.37 , pp. 24
  • 58
    • 0028825824 scopus 로고
    • How to select and evaluate new products on the market
    • Quebbeman EJ, Short LJ. How to select and evaluate new products on the market. Surg Clin North Am 1995; 75: 1159-65.
    • (1995) Surg. Clin. North Am , vol.75 , pp. 1159-1165
    • Quebbeman, E.J.1    Short, L.J.2
  • 59
    • 0033505942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The benefits and limitations of needle protectors and needleless intravenous system
    • Orenstein R. The benefits and limitations of needle protectors and needleless intravenous system. J Intraven Nurs 1999; 22: 122-8.
    • (1999) J. Intraven Nurs , vol.22 , pp. 122-128
    • Orenstein, R.1
  • 60
    • 0028927895 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and cost effectiveness of a needleless intravenous access system
    • Yassi A, McGill ML, Khokhar JB. Efficacy and cost effectiveness of a needleless intravenous access system. Am J Infect Control 1995; 23:57-64.
    • (1995) Am. J. Infect. Control , vol.23 , pp. 57-64
    • Yassi, A.1    McGill, M.L.2    Khokhar, J.B.3
  • 61
    • 0026016629 scopus 로고
    • Neelestick injury rate reduction during phlebotomy; a comparative study of two safety devices
    • Billiet Ls, Parker CR, Tanley PC, Wallas Ch. Neelestick injury rate reduction during phlebotomy; a comparative study of two safety devices. Lab Med 1991; 22: 122-3.
    • (1991) Lab. Med , vol.22 , pp. 122-123
    • Billiet, Ls.1    Parker, C.R.2    Tanley, P.C.3    Wallas, Ch.4
  • 62
    • 0034837077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmission and post exposure management of bloodborne virus infections in health care setting; where are we now?
    • Molouhney BW. Transmission and post exposure management of bloodborne virus infections in health care setting; where are we now? CMAJ 2001; 165: 445-51.
    • (2001) CMAJ , vol.165 , pp. 445-451
    • Molouhney, B.W.1
  • 63
    • 0027506782 scopus 로고
    • Decline of clinical hepatitis B in workers at a general hospital: Relation to increasing vaccine induced immunity
    • Lanphear BP, Linnenmann CC, Cannon CG, DeRonde MM. Decline of clinical hepatitis B in workers at a general hospital: relation to increasing vaccine induced immunity. Clin Infect Dis 1993;16:10-4.
    • (1993) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.16 , pp. 10-14
    • Lanphear, B.P.1    Linnenmann, C.C.2    Cannon, C.G.3    DeRonde, M.M.4
  • 64
    • 0029331855 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B vaccination in young nurses of a general hospital
    • Barone P, Sciacca A, Lupo F, Leonardi S, Murumeci S. Hepatitis B vaccination in young nurses of a general hospital. Ann Ig 1995; 7:251-5.
    • (1995) Ann. Ig , vol.7 , pp. 251-255
    • Barone, P.1    Sciacca, A.2    Lupo, F.3    Leonardi, S.4    Murumeci, S.5
  • 65
    • 0028236909 scopus 로고
    • Immunity to hepatitis B among health care workers performing exposure prone procedures
    • Poole CJM, Miller S, Fillingham G. Immunity to hepatitis B among health care workers performing exposure prone procedures. BMJ 1994; 309: 94-5.
    • (1994) BMJ , vol.309 , pp. 94-95
    • Poole, C.J.M.1    Miller, S.2    Fillingham, G.3
  • 67
    • 0031587492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunization of health care workers: Recommendations of Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory committee (HICPAC)
    • CDC (Centres of Disease Control and Prevention)
    • CDC (Centres of Disease Control and Prevention). Immunization of health care workers: Recommendations of Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory committee (HICPAC). MMWR 1997; 46: 1-42.
    • (1997) MMWR , vol.46 , pp. 1-42
  • 68
    • 0003181501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) for exposure to HBV, HCV or HIV
    • CDC (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention)
    • CDC (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention). Recommendations for Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) for exposure to HBV, HCV or HIV. MMWR 2001; 50:22.
    • (2001) MMWR , vol.50 , pp. 22
  • 69
    • 0032538246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for prevention and control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and HCV related chronic disease
    • CDC (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention)
    • CDC (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention). Recommendations for prevention and control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and HCV related chronic disease. MMWR 1998; 1-39.
    • (1998) MMWR , pp. 1-39
  • 70
    • 0003181501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) for exposure to HBV, HCV or HIV
    • CDC (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention)
    • CDC (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention). Recommendations for Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) for exposure to HBV, HCV or HIV. MMWR 2001; 50:22.
    • (2001) MMWR , vol.50 , pp. 22
  • 71
    • 0028836797 scopus 로고
    • Management of Occupation exposures to blood borne viruses
    • Gerberding JL. Management of Occupation exposures to blood borne viruses. N Engl J Med 1995:332; 444-51.
    • (1995) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.332 , pp. 444-451
    • Gerberding, J.L.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.